CN114114419B - Interlayer multiple prediction and suppression method and method for improving imaging quality of seismic data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interlayer multiple prediction method, a suppression method and a method for improving the imaging quality of seismic data, which comprises the following steps: performing background medium speed deviation on the preprocessed seismic data of the target area to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area; determining the generation layer position and thickness of multiple waves between the target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas; substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and thickness of the target area interlayer multiple into a backscattering series interlayer multiple prediction formula to perform target area interlayer multiple prediction so as to obtain a target area interlayer multiple prediction result; subtracting the target zone inter-zone multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data to obtain a target zone inter-zone multiple suppression result. The method keeps data driving, does not need manual intervention or known underground information, and is suitable for complex terrains and geological conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine and land geophysical exploration, in particular to an interlaminar multiple prediction method, a suppression method and a method for improving the imaging quality of seismic data in seismic data processing, and corresponding storage media and computer equipment.
Background
In marine and land seismic exploration, due to the existence of a submarine and underground strong reflection interface, seismic waves are reflected between the submarine and the strong reflection interface for multiple times to form interlayer multiple waves, and the interlayer multiple waves and primary reflection waves are mutually overlapped and interfered, so that the resolution of seismic data is seriously reduced, the difficulty of identifying effective waves is increased, and the quality of seismic imaging and the authenticity and reliability of seismic interpretation are influenced. Therefore, attenuating or eliminating the interbed multiples is an important element in seismic data processing.
In order to eliminate the interference of multiple waves between layers and improve the data resolution, two types of multiple wave suppression methods are proposed by the geophysical prospecting field: the first type is a filtering method based on characteristic difference between primary waves and multiple waves; the other is predictive subtraction based on wave theory.
The filtering method comprises a prediction deconvolution method, an f-k filtering method, a Radon transformation method, a beam-focusing filtering method and the like. When the assumed conditions are better satisfied, the filtering method can effectively attenuate or eliminate the multiple, has small calculated amount, is easy to realize and has high efficiency, but the filtering method needs more underground assumed information, and when the characteristic difference between the primary wave and the multiple is small or none, the ideal effect is difficult to obtain, and even the primary wave is seriously damaged.
The predictive subtraction method avoids the limitation of a filtering method, does not need prior information, and is a main development trend of a multiple wave suppression method. The method mainly comprises a feedback iteration method and a back scattering progression method, aiming at interlayer multiple suppression, the feedback iteration method needs a certain manual intervention, interlayer multiple is predicted through a layer-by-layer appointed multiple generation horizon, the back scattering progression method is completely driven in data, manual intervention is not needed, prediction is carried out through an algorithm, all interlayer multiple can be predicted at one time, and the method is the most advanced interlayer multiple suppression method at present. However, the method has high data requirements and large calculation amount, and faces a plurality of problems in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for predicting and suppressing an interbed multiple in seismic data processing, a method for improving the imaging quality of seismic data, and a corresponding storage medium and computer device.
First, the invention provides an interlayer multiple prediction method, which comprises the following steps:
s100, carrying out background medium speed deviation on the preprocessed seismic data of the target area to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation horizon and thickness of multiple waves between the target areas according to pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and thickness of the target area interlayer multiple into a backscattering series interlayer multiple formula to conduct target area interlayer multiple prediction so as to obtain a target area interlayer multiple prediction result.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 100, the preprocessing includes noise reduction.
In the step 300, the formula of the multiple wave between the backscatter orders is:
wherein,k＝2ω/c 0 is the vertical wave number, c 0 For background medium velocity, b for pulse wave 1 (k) =d (ω) is seismic data, z j (j=1, 2) pseudo depth imaged for background medium velocity domain, z is specified inter-layer multiple generating horizon, [ -d 1 ,d 1 ]To produce the thickness of the horizon, ε is used to make z 1 ＞z 2 The strictness is established.
In addition, the invention also provides an interlayer multiple pressing method, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining a target zone interlayer multiple prediction result by using the interlayer multiple prediction method;
subtracting the target zone inter-zone multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data to obtain a target zone inter-zone multiple suppression result.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, subtracting the target zone inter-zone multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data to obtain a target zone inter-zone multiple suppression result includes:
and subtracting the target zone interval multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data through a self-adaptive subtraction method to obtain a target zone interval multiple suppression result.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for improving the imaging quality of the seismic data, which comprises the following steps:
preprocessing the original seismic data of the target area, wherein the preprocessing comprises noise reduction;
and performing multiple suppression on the preprocessed seismic data by using the interlayer multiple suppression method so as to improve the imaging quality of the seismic data.
In addition, the invention also provides a storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored, and the computer program realizes the steps of the method for judging shale pore connectivity when being executed by a processor.
In addition, the invention also provides a computer device, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method for judging shale pore connectivity
One or more embodiments of the above-described solution may have the following advantages or benefits compared to the prior art:
the invention relates to the field of marine and land geophysical exploration, in particular to a technique for predicting and suppressing interbed multiples in seismic data processing. In the marine and land seismic exploration, due to the existence of underground strong reflection interfaces, the seismic waves are reflected for multiple times between the strong reflection interfaces to form interlayer multiple waves, the multiple waves and the primary waves are mutually overlapped and interfered, the resolution of seismic data is reduced, the difficulty of identifying effective waves is increased, and the quality of seismic imaging and the authenticity and reliability of seismic interpretation are affected. Aiming at the difficult problem of suppression of the interlayer multiples in the seismic data, particularly in the target area, the invention improves the prediction and suppression method of the backscatter progression interlayer multiples by reducing the integral number and limiting the integral range so as to improve the calculation efficiency and suppression of the target area interlayer multiples. The method maintains the advantages of the original method, is driven by data, does not need manual intervention, does not need known underground information, and is suitable for complex terrains and geological conditions. Test processing results show that the method can effectively compress the interlayer multiples of the target area in the seismic data, improve the data resolution and improve the imaging quality.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of interlayer multiple pressing treatment according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of analog data and single-pass analog data according to an embodiment ten of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of inter-layer multiples and their single pass data for generating horizon 1 predictions for embodiment ten of the invention;
FIG. 2 (c) is a schematic diagram of inter-layer multiple wave-back data and single-pass data generated by the compression horizon 1 according to the tenth embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 (d) is a schematic diagram of inter-layer multiples and their single pass data for generating horizon 2 predictions for embodiment ten of the invention;
FIG. 2 (e) is a schematic diagram of inter-layer multiple wave data and single pass data generated by the compression horizon 2 according to embodiment ten of the invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of actual data and its designated horizons (at the dashed side arrows) according to embodiment ten of the present invention;
fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the interlayer multiple suppression effect produced by the designated horizon (at the dashed arrow beside the figure) according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, thereby solving the technical problems by applying technical means to the present invention, and realizing the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as no conflict is formed, each embodiment of the present invention and each feature of each embodiment may be combined with each other, and the formed technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method principle of the present invention is described below.
The backscattering series interlayer multiple prediction algorithm is proposed by Araujo and Weglein (1994)
Wherein,k＝2ω/c 0 is the vertical wave number, c 0 Is the background media velocity. For pulsed waves, b 1 (k) =d (ω) is seismic data. z j (j=1, 2, 3) is the pseudo-depth of background media velocity domain imaging. Epsilon is introduced to make the "low-high-low" constraint relation (z 1 ＞z 2 And z 3 ＞z 2 ) It holds that in actual data processing its value is related to the length of the wavelet.
If three primary waves meet the constraint relation of low-high-low, an inter-level multiple is generated in the seismic data, and if the inter-level multiple and two primary waves meet the constraint relation of low-high-low, a second-order inter-level multiple is formed, and similarly, the high-level inter-level multiple can be synthesized through the low-level inter-level multiple. Since the seismic data contains all signals including the primary wave and the interbed multiples, the method can predict all the interbed multiples at one time. However, eliminating or suppressing all the inter-layer multiples is a very challenging task, and the inter-layer multiples are often interfered with the primary reflected wave, further increasing the difficulty of inter-layer multiple suppression, so it is a better strategy to eliminate or suppress only the inter-layer multiples of the target region by specifying the multiple generation horizon. Meanwhile, the integral number is reduced, and the integral range is limited, so that the method for predicting and suppressing the multiple waves between the backscattering series layers is improved, and the calculation efficiency and the suppression effect of the multiple waves between the target areas are improved.
Specifically, the improved backscattering series interlayer multiple prediction algorithm is as follows:
wherein z is a designated interlayer multiple generation horizon, [ -d ] 1 ,d 1 ]To create a thickness of the horizon.
By improving the interlayer multiple prediction algorithm, the efficiency of multiple prediction is improved; and the interlayer multiple of the target area is locked through the appointed multiple generation horizon, and then the suppression of the interlayer multiple is realized.
Example 1
Based on the above ideas, this embodiment proposes an interlayer multiple prediction method. The method is as follows:
firstly, preprocessing seismic data, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed data to obtain pseudo depth domain data, then designating the generation layer position and thickness of the inter-layer multiple of a target area, and substituting the pseudo depth domain data and the generation layer position and thickness of the inter-layer multiple into an improved backscatter progression inter-layer multiple formula to carry out inter-layer multiple prediction. The method maintains the advantages of the existing method, is data driven, does not need to know underground structures, and is suitable for complex terrains and geological conditions.
Specifically, after the seismic data is preprocessed, the specific implementation steps of the interlayer multiple prediction stage are as follows:
s100, carrying out background medium speed deviation on the preprocessed seismic data of the target area to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation horizon and thickness of multiple waves between the target areas according to pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and thickness of the target area interlayer multiple into a backscattering series interlayer multiple formula to conduct target area interlayer multiple prediction so as to obtain a target area interlayer multiple prediction result.
In the present embodiment, the preprocessing includes noise reduction processing.
In this embodiment, the backscatter order interlayer multiple equation is a modified backscatter order interlayer multiple equation:
in the method, in the process of the invention,k＝2ω/c 0 is the vertical wave number, c 0 For background medium velocity, b for pulse wave 1 (k) =d (ω) is seismic data, z j (j=1, 2) pseudo depth imaged for background medium velocity domain, z is specified inter-layer multiple generating horizon, [ -d 1 ,d 1 ]To produce the thickness of the horizon, ε is used to make z 1 ＞z 2 This is true.
Example two
Further, the embodiment provides an interlayer multiple pressing method. As shown in fig. 1:
firstly, preprocessing seismic data, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed data to obtain pseudo depth domain data, then designating the generation layer position and thickness of the inter-layer multiple of a target area, substituting the pseudo depth domain data and the generation layer position and thickness of the inter-layer multiple into an improved backscatter series inter-layer multiple formula to carry out inter-layer multiple prediction, and subtracting an inter-layer multiple prediction result from original seismic data to obtain an inter-layer multiple suppression result. The method maintains the advantages of the existing method, is data-driven, does not need to know underground structures, is suitable for complex terrains and geological conditions, and can effectively improve the resolution of a data target area.
Specifically, after the seismic data is preprocessed, the specific implementation steps of the interlayer multiple prediction stage are as follows:
s100, carrying out background medium speed deviation on the preprocessed seismic data of the target area to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation horizon and thickness of multiple waves between the target areas according to pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and thickness of the target area interlayer multiple into a backscattering series interlayer multiple formula to conduct target area interlayer multiple prediction so as to obtain a target area interlayer multiple prediction result.
S400, subtracting the predicted interbed multiples from the original seismic data to obtain a result after interbed multiples suppression.
In this embodiment, the predicted interbed multiples are subtracted from the original seismic data, preferably by adaptive subtraction, to obtain the interbed multiples-suppressed results.
Example III
In practical application, particularly in marine and land seismic exploration, due to the existence of underground strong reflection interfaces, seismic waves are reflected for multiple times between the strong reflection interfaces to form interlayer multiple waves, the multiple waves and the primary waves are mutually overlapped and interfered, the resolution of seismic data is reduced, the difficulty of identifying effective waves is increased, and the quality of seismic imaging and the authenticity and reliability of seismic interpretation are affected. Aiming at the difficult problem of suppression of multiple waves between layers in the seismic data, particularly in a target area, the invention provides a method for improving the imaging quality of the seismic data based on the prediction suppression method. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
s100, preprocessing original seismic data of the seismic data of a target area;
s200, carrying out background medium speed deviation on the preprocessed seismic data of the target area to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s300, determining the generation horizon and thickness of multiple waves between the target areas according to pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s400, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and thickness of the target area interlayer multiple into a backscattering series interlayer multiple formula to conduct target area interlayer multiple prediction so as to obtain a target area interlayer multiple prediction result.
S500, subtracting the predicted interbed multiples from the original seismic data to obtain a result after interbed multiples suppression.
The method maintains the advantages of the original method, is driven by data, does not need manual intervention, does not need known underground information, and is suitable for complex terrains and geological conditions. Test processing results show that the method can effectively compress the interlayer multiples of the target area in the seismic data, improve the data resolution and improve the imaging quality.
Example IV
In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer program thereon, where the computer program implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for predicting multiple waves between layers when being executed by a processor.
Example five
In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for predicting multiple waves between layers are implemented.
Example six
In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer program thereon, where the computer program implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for suppressing multiple waves between layers when executed by a processor.
Example seven
In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method for suppressing multiple waves between layers are implemented.
Example eight
In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method for improving the imaging quality of seismic data.
Example nine
In addition, in order to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method for improving the imaging quality of the seismic data are implemented.
Examples ten
The effectiveness and advancement of the method provided by the present invention is verified by processing the simulated data and the actual seismic data.
In this embodiment, the simulation data is generated from a simple laminar model with three reflective interfaces. Fig. 2 (a) is simulation data containing three primary waves and first and second order interbed multiples generated by horizons (interfaces) 1 and 2. The interlayer multiples predicted by the modified backscatter progression method for the specified multiple producing horizon 1 are shown in fig. 2 (b). Fig. 2 (c) shows the inter-layer multiple wave-back effect produced by compacting horizon 1. It can be seen that the improved method can predict and suppress the multiple specific generation horizon, which is beneficial to the multiple suppression treatment between target zones. Fig. 2 (d) shows the inter-layer multiples predicted for the generation of the level 2 backscatter progression, and fig. 2 (e) shows the inter-layer multiples effect generated by further suppressing level 2. It can be seen that the improved method can predict and suppress the interbed multiples step by step for multiple specific production horizons. Therefore, the model data test proves that the improved backscattering series method can be used for carrying out interlayer multiple prediction and suppression on the target area.
The actual data is used to further verify the improved method for predicting and suppressing the multiple between the backscattering series. FIG. 3 (a) is a diagram of pre-compressional seismic data for an interbed multiple, with an in-phase axis of interbed multiple at the 4.2s arrow, the interbed multiple being created by the upper two strongly reflecting layers, the blue arrow being the multiple-generating horizon, the interbed multiple being eliminated after prediction and compression by the improved backscatter progression method, improving the imaging quality of the target zone. In a word, the effectiveness of the improved backscatter progression method on the prediction and suppression of the interbed multiples is verified through the processing of the model and the actual data, the resolution and the imaging quality of a seismic data target area are improved, and the interpretation reliability is improved.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complicated process, complex analysis, high cost, long period and the like of the conventional shale pore connectivity discrimination, and provides a simple method capable of rapidly and effectively discriminating the pore connectivity in shale by adopting a technical thought completely different from the conventional shale pore connectivity discrimination, so as to meet the field actual requirements of shale oil and gas exploration and development.
It should be noted that, the method of the embodiment of the present invention may be performed by a single device, for example, a computer or a server. The method of the embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scene, and is completed by mutually matching a plurality of devices. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the devices may perform only one or more steps of the method of an embodiment of the present invention, the devices interacting with each other to accomplish the method.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps carried out in the method of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed above, the embodiments are only used for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An inter-layer multiple prediction method, comprising:
s100, carrying out background medium speed deviation on the preprocessed seismic data of the target area to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation horizon and thickness of multiple waves between the target areas according to pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and thickness of the target area interlayer multiple into a backscattering series interlayer multiple prediction formula to perform target area interlayer multiple prediction so as to obtain a target area interlayer multiple prediction result;
the back scattering series interlayer multiple prediction formula is as follows:
wherein,k＝2ω/c 0 is the vertical wave number, c 0 For the background medium velocity,
for pulsed waves, b 1 (k) =d (ω) is seismic data, z j (j=1, 2) pseudo depth imaged for background medium velocity domain, z is specified inter-layer multiple generating horizon, [ -d 1 ,d 1 ]To produce the thickness of the horizon, ε is used to make z 1 >z 2 The strictness is established.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 100, the preprocessing includes noise reduction processing.
3. An interlayer multiple pressing method, comprising:
obtaining a target zone inter-layer multiple prediction result by using the inter-layer multiple prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2;
subtracting the target zone inter-zone multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data to obtain a target zone inter-zone multiple suppression result.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein subtracting the target zone inter-zone multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data to obtain the target zone inter-zone multiple suppression result comprises:
and subtracting the target zone interval multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target zone seismic data through a self-adaptive subtraction method to obtain a target zone interval multiple suppression result.
5. A method for improving the imaging quality of seismic data, comprising the steps of:
preprocessing the original seismic data of the target area, wherein the preprocessing comprises noise reduction;
the method for suppressing the multiple waves between layers according to claim 3 or 4 is used for suppressing the multiple waves of the preprocessed seismic data so as to improve the imaging quality of the seismic data.
6. A storage medium in which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the inter-layer multiple prediction method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the inter-layer multiple prediction method of any of claims 1 to 2.
8. A storage medium in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method of inter-layer multiple suppression as claimed in claim 3 or 4.
9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the inter-layer multiple suppression method as claimed in claim 3 or 4.
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