CN114112968A - Portable device for on-line measuring hydrogen sulfide concentration of waste gas - Google Patents
Portable device for on-line measuring hydrogen sulfide concentration of waste gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN114112968A CN114112968A CN202111368117.1A CN202111368117A CN114112968A CN 114112968 A CN114112968 A CN 114112968A CN 202111368117 A CN202111368117 A CN 202111368117A CN 114112968 A CN114112968 A CN 114112968A
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical compound CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 206010072063 Exposure to lead Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
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- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0044—Sulphides, e.g. H2S
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
- G01N2021/3536—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis using modulation of pressure or density
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a device and a method for continuously measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in an exhaust gas by means of a detectable device adapted to be temporarily connected to a device generating the exhaust gas, said method comprising the step of detecting the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the exhaust gas. The apparatus and the method may be used, inter alia, to detect the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the off-gas produced in the step of sulphiding a hydrogenation process catalyst.
Description
The application is a divisional application of PCT application with the priority date of 2015, month 1 and month 27, the PCT application number of PCT/EP2016/051586, the application number of 201680007280.6 entering the national phase and the name of 'portable device for on-line measurement of hydrogen sulfide concentration in waste gas'.
Technical Field
The technical field of the present invention is an apparatus and a method for measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in an off-gas, in particular when the off-gas originates from a reactor for hydrotreating petroleum products.
Prior Art
Hydrotreating is a process used mainly for oil refining, the purpose of which is to remove impurities such as sulfur contained in petroleum fractions from the distillation of crude oil. The hydroprocessing unit comprises a reactor containing two feed pipes, one intended to introduce the petroleum fraction and the other intended to introduce pressurized hydrogen. The reactor contains a catalyst for promoting the conversion of sulfur-containing compounds to hydrogen sulfide H2A catalyst for S.
In such processes, it is necessary to sulfide the hydrotreating catalyst, which is typically sold in an inactive form consisting of metal oxides of group 6 metals in combination with group 9 and/or 10 metals, which are supported on a porous solid such as alumina. This sulfidation operation occurs at each catalyst change, with the purpose of converting the metal oxide to sulfide, which constitutes the active species in the hydroprocessing reaction. For this purpose, it is known to contact the catalyst with a sulfur source, such as dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). Under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the dimethyl disulfide decomposes to provide hydrogen sulfide, which reacts with the catalyst to form the desired metal sulfide. The detection of hydrogen sulfide formed during the sulfidation of the catalyst is necessary because it allows an estimation of the degree of progress of the sulfidation reaction. In addition, it is desirable to minimize the amount of hydrogen sulfide emitted during the sulfidation reaction. Furthermore, the measurement of the hydrogen sulphide concentration is currently carried out by refinery personnel under safe conditions (preferably hourly), which can be dangerous, in particular due to the hydrogen sulphide (H)2S) toxicity. A device and technique are therefore sought that can reliably and more frequently measure under increased safety conditions.
There are devices for on-line measurement of the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in the off-gas originating from a unit for oxidation of hydrogen sulphide to sulphur, known as a claus unit. These are described, for example, in documents FR 2778743 and FR 2944456. However, these devices are designed to be permanently installed on the plant that produces the effluent containing hydrogen sulfide. They cannot be easily disassembled for quick use on another claus unit.
Document CN 203595659U describes a device for measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in a gas stream, the working principle of which is based on laser spectroscopic analysis. However, this device requires the use of a gas which inerts the laser apparatus, that is to say a gas which is not an oxidant for the gas to be analyzed, and renders the measuring device explosion-proof. However, the use of an inerting gas complicates the apparatus.
A measuring device is therefore sought that is easy to transport from one location to another and does not require the use of inerting gas.
Document US 8,163,242 describes a device for measuring the concentration of chemical species contained in a gas derived from decomposing waste present in a landfill. However, this document gives no information on the technique used in particular for measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulfide. Furthermore, the measurement device seems to require electrochemical techniques, which are not suitable for high concentration measurements without the need for a diluent gas. The analytical device from this document is a "chemical analyzer", which in principle implies an irreversible chemical reaction, so that the chemical sensors are frequently replaced.
Document WO 2014/144038 describes a device for measuring in real time the concentration of hydrogen sulphide in a petroleum product hydroprocessing unit. Such devices are mobile and temporarily connected to the outlet pipe of the hydroprocessing unit. Preferably, the measurement is based on a chemical reaction that takes place between lead acetate and hydrogen sulfide. Lead acetate was deposited on the paper tape, thereby making the tape white. During the chemical reaction, black lead sulfide is formed. The blackness of the paper tape is proportional to the amount of hydrogen sulfide passing through the measurement system. However, this measurement system has the following disadvantages:
it requires a diffusion chamber for diluting the gas for which the hydrogen sulphide concentration is to be measured, for example with nitrogen. The diluent gas may originate from the bulk network or may be delivered with a mobile analysis device. The fact that nitrogen from a refinery is used may lead to analytical errors caused by contamination from processes carried out in the refinery.
Replacement of the used paper with new paper impregnated with lead acetate is carried out by the operator. However, lead acetate belongs to a chemical substance (so-called CMR substance) that is carcinogenic and/or mutagenic and/or reproductive toxic. Each paper change exposes the operator to exposure to lead acetate, which is detrimental to health.
The device is not able to maintain H over time in a wide concentration range of 0 to 30000 ppm2Good accuracy of S concentration measurement.
This document also shows that the detection of hydrogen sulfide can be carried out by electrochemical methods.
Document CN 101782514 discloses a device for measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in natural gas before and after desulfurization, comprising a device mounted in a fixed manner on a H-containing vessel2A part on the apparatus in which the S gas circulates, and a detachable part connected to the fixed part. The fixing portion includes:
-a measurement chamber in which the absorption of laser radiation by the gas is measured;
a pressure gauge and an expansion valve capable of adjusting the pressure of the gas to be analyzed to the working pressure of the measuring chamber.
The detachable portion includes:
-means for generating laser radiation; and
-means for processing the optical signals from the measurement chamber.
This part is detachable in that it can be connected to the fixed part by means of two optical fibres. Therefore, in this document, only the portion dedicated to generating laser radiation and processing signals is detachable.
Therefore, there is a long-felt need in the art for a portable device for accurately and continuously measuring the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in an exhaust gas (typically 100 ppm to 50000 ppm, preferably 100 ppm to 30000 ppm by volume), which can be temporarily connected to a pipeline for transporting the exhaust gas, and which does not use a dilution gas. Preferably, the device should not require the use of hazardous chemicals, such as in particular CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, reproductive toxic) substances. More preferably, the apparatus should not require the supply of inerting gas.
Disclosure of Invention
One subject of the invention is a kit for measuring the hydrogen sulphide concentration of a gas possibly containing hydrogen sulphide, said kit comprising separate modules that can be connected to each other, said modules being as follows:
-a measurement module a comprising a measurement chamber M in which the absorption of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation by the gas is measured;
an expansion module B able to bring the pressure of the gas to be analyzed up to the operating pressure of the measurement module;
-a pressure regulation module C able to maintain the pressure of the gas in the measurement chamber at a value falling within the range of measurement module operating pressure values;
a processing module D for measuring the absorption, which is able to obtain the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gas, an
-means capable of interconnecting the modules.
Gases that require measurement of hydrogen sulfide concentration are often flammable.
According to one embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation is fixed wavelength infrared radiation emitted by a laser, preferably having a wavelength of 780 nm to 3000 nm.
According to one embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation is monochromatic radiation in the ultraviolet or visible wavelength range, preferably in the wavelength range of 100 nm to 380 nm or 380 nm to 780 nm, respectively.
According to one embodiment:
-the expansion module B has an inlet pipe (2) receiving the gas to be analyzed and an outlet pipe (3) connected to the inlet pipe (4) of the measurement module a;
-the measurement module a is electrically connected (9) to a processing module D;
-the conditioning module C is mechanically connected to the measuring module a (5, 7) and to the duct (8) for discharging the gas out of the kit.
According to one embodiment, the expansion module B is capable of bringing the gas to be analyzed to a pressure of 500 hPa (0.5 bar) relative pressure to 2000 hPa (2 bar) relative pressure of the measuring module operating pressure.
According to one embodiment:
-the weight of the measuring module a is less than or equal to 60 kg, preferably less than or equal to 55 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 50 kg;
-the weight of the expansion module B is less than or equal to 20 kg, preferably less than or equal to 15 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg;
the weight of the conditioning module C is less than or equal to 20 kg, preferably less than or equal to 15 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg;
the weight of the processing module D is less than or equal to 50 kg, preferably less than or equal to 40 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 35 kg.
The kit may be used to measure the hydrogen sulfide concentration of a gas that may contain hydrogen sulfide, the gas comprising at least 50% hydrogen by volume. The gas, which may contain hydrogen sulphide, may be the off-gas of a reactor for purifying hydrocarbons from a refinery process or from petrochemical industry.
Another subject of the invention is a method for continuously measuring the hydrogen sulphide concentration of an off-gas using a removable device capable of being temporarily connected to an apparatus for producing said off-gas, the method comprising the step of measuring the absorption of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation by the off-gas. The measurement method may use a kit as described above, and the measurement of the hydrogen sulfide concentration is performed after the kit is installed on the apparatus. At the end of the operation, the removable device can be easily removed from the apparatus and restored to the kit form for subsequent remounting on another apparatus on which the same type of measurement must be made.
According to one embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation is fixed wavelength infrared radiation emitted by a laser, preferably having a wavelength of 780 nm to 3000 nm.
According to one embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation is monochromatic radiation falling in the ultraviolet or visible wavelength range, preferably in the wavelength range of 100 nm to 380 nm or 380 nm to 780 nm, respectively.
According to one embodiment, a method for continuously measuring the hydrogen sulfide concentration of a potential gas comprises using the kit of the present invention as a device.
According to one embodiment, the off-gas is an off-gas from a reactor for purifying hydrocarbons from a refining process or from petrochemical industry with hydrogen.
According to one embodiment, the process is used to monitor the progress of and/or ensure the end of a step of sulfiding a hydroprocessing catalyst.
The final subject of the invention is a plant in which it is possible to generate a gas stream containing hydrogen sulphide, characterized in that it integrates the device obtained by installing the kit of the invention.
Drawings
Figure 1 schematically shows the connection of the apparatus of the invention to the outlet of a hydroprocessing unit and the connection of the various modules to each other according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The device of the invention is in the form of a kit comprising individual modules that can be connected to each other, the modules being as follows:
-a measurement module a comprising a measurement chamber M in which the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the gas is measured;
an expansion module B able to bring the pressure of the gas to be analyzed up to the operating pressure of the measurement module;
-a pressure regulation module C able to maintain the pressure of the gas in the measurement chamber at a value falling within the range of measurement module operating pressure values;
a module D for processing absorption measurements, which makes it possible to obtain the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gas, an
-means capable of interconnecting the modules.
The arrangement of the various modules of the kit of one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 1.
The measurement module a comprises an inlet pipe (4) mechanically connectable to the outlet pipe (3) of the expansion module B and an outlet pipe (5) mechanically connectable to the duct (7) of the conditioning module C. The hydrogen sulfide concentration is measured in the measuring chamber M according to known principles of spectrophotometry. According to this principle, electromagnetic radiation passes through a substance and the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation by the substance is measured. The measuring chamber consists of a stainless steel container, generally having a tubular shape and having a length of 5 to 80 cm, preferably 10 to 50 cm. The measurement chamber contains an electromagnetic radiation emitting source and a sensor of the radiation that converts the radiation into an electrical signal. The light emitting diode and the sensor may be fixed to the wall of the measurement chamber opposite to each other or side by side. In the latter case, the electromagnetic radiation is reflected on a mirror that sends the radiation back to the sensor. This configuration improves the optical path and sensitivity of the measurement. The choice of one or the other configuration depends on the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation and on the absorption coefficient of the radiation by the hydrogen sulfide and on the chosen measurement range of the hydrogen sulfide concentration. Optionally, the electromagnetic radiation source and sensor may be remote from the measurement chamber by adding two optical fibers to bring the electromagnetic radiation from the source to the time of measurement and after absorption to bring the compatible radiation back to the sensor.
The electromagnetic radiation may be:
-laser light emitted in the infrared at a fixed wavelength of 780 to 3000 nanometers;
or monochromatic electromagnetic radiation emitted in the ultraviolet range or visible range, that is to say in the wavelength range from 100 nm to 380 nm or from 380 nm to 780 nm, respectively.
An infrared laser analyzer may be used: model "SS 2100 TDL Gas Analyser" sold by Spectra Sensor, or uv-visible Analyser: model "OMA-300 Hydrogen Sulfide Analyzer" sold by Applied Analytics.
The weight of the module a is generally less than or equal to 60 kg, preferably less than or equal to 55 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 50 kg.
The expansion module B includes:
-an inlet pipe (2) able to be mechanically connected to a pipe (1) itself installed as an outlet pipe bypass of the gas coming from the hydroprocessing reactor.
-an outlet tube (3) mechanically connectable to an inlet tube (4) of the measuring module a. The effect of this is to reduce the gas pressure to the working pressure of the measurement module, which is typically 500 hPa to 2000 hPa.
-an optional outlet duct (10) for relieving an excess pressure incompatible with the working pressure of the measuring module, typically between 500 and 2000 hPa. Which acts as a security element.
The expansion module B typically weighs less than or equal to 20 kg, preferably less than or equal to 15 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg.
The conditioning module C has an inlet pipe (6) which can optionally be mechanically connected to a pipe (10) and to two pipes (7, 8). One of the two conduits (8) is a conduit for discharging gas and for conveying the gas to a gas destruction device, such as a torch for burning the gas. The further duct (7) is able to receive the gas coming from the measurement module a as the gas to be analyzed. The regulating module is capable of regulating the pressure in the measuring chamber of module a to a value falling within the working pressure range of the measuring module. If the pressure is less than the lower limit of the working pressure range, the expansion module B sends gas into the measurement chamber via a conduit (3). If the pressure exceeds the upper limit of the operating pressure range, gas is injected into the conduit (10) and subsequently into the conduit (8) to vent or destroy the gas. The conduit (8) also receives gas originating from the measurement module a when the measurement module a is operating within its operating pressure range.
The weight of the conditioning module C is generally less than or equal to 20 kg, preferably less than or equal to 15 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg.
The module D for processing the spectral signals is electrically connected to the module B by means of an electrical connection (9). Which converts the absorption measurements from module a to hydrogen sulfide concentrations. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the instantaneous hydrogen sulfide content can be displayed by means of a screen advantageously integrated into module D.
The weight of the processing module D is generally less than or equal to 50 kg, preferably less than or equal to 40 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 35 kg.
The analysis results generated by the processing module D can be transferred to the computer during or after the analysis by wireless transmission of the type such as Wi-Fi, bluetooth, etc. or by wired transmission by means of a memory card.
The modules a and D may each be contained in a thick metal enclosure that is explosion proof, i.e., the potential explosion is confined to the interior of the enclosure that is not destroyed, in accordance with the 94/9/EC directive.
The off-gas containing hydrogen sulphide to be analyzed may be derived from a hydrotreatment reactor HDT. The exhaust gas generally contains 100 to 50000, preferably 100 to 30000, more preferably 1000 to 20000, ppm by volume of hydrogen sulfide.
At the outlet of the hydroprocessing reactor, the hydrogen-rich off-gas is separated from the liquid hydrocarbons in a vessel where liquid compounds accumulate at the bottom and non-condensable gases are vented at the top. These gases are typically recompressed by a compressor for reinjection upstream of the hydroprocessing reactor. These gases constitute the exhaust gas for which the hydrogen sulphide content needs to be known. For this purpose, the loop terminated by the connecting duct (1) is positioned as a bypass of the main gas flow. The pipe (1) is connected to the inlet pipe (2) of the module B. The gas to be analyzed is thus conveyed through the inlet pipe (2) into the expansion module B and subsequently through the outlet pipe (3) into the measurement module a containing the measurement chamber. Which is then fed to the conditioning module C. It is discharged from conditioning module C and sent to flare (F) for combustion therein. The regulating module C maintains the gas pressure in the measuring module at a constant value by regulating the amount of gas fed to the measuring chamber M and the amount fed to the torch. The expansion module will be optional if the gas to be analyzed is at a pressure in the conduit (1) compatible with the operating pressure of the measurement module a.
The connections between modules A, B and C and those for connecting to the gas sampling point (1) and to the discharge circuit via flare T are provided by flexible hoses capable of withstanding a maximum pressure of 25 MPa. They may be equipped with quick connectors and closures designed to be connected and disconnected frequently.
The module D is connected to the module a by a cable.
According to one embodiment, the modules a and D are integrated within the same housing to which the modules B and C are attached.
According to one embodiment, the modules a and C are integral within the same housing to which the modules B and D are attached.
According to one embodiment, the modules A, C and D are integral within the same housing to which module B is attached.
The device of the invention can be easily connected without opening the circuit, which limits the risk of exposure of the operator to harmful gases.
In terms of sulfiding the hydroprocessing catalyst, DMDS is injected at refinery-required flow rates throughout the catalyst activation sequence, which typically lasts for 1 to 2 days, and the apparatus of the present invention is used to measure and monitor the increase in hydrogen sulfide concentration over time while DMDS is injected. When the hydrogen sulfide concentration shows that there is no more sulfur to be fixed by the catalyst than the amount of DMDS injected, this means that continued injection of DMDS will no longer be useful.
The device of the invention has the following advantages:
a) after the concentration is measured, it can be disconnected from the equipment that produces the hydrogen sulfide containing off-gas, and it can be quickly transported to another location for use therein. The device of the invention is characterized by the fact that: due to their limited weight (e.g., 2 modules of less than 50 kilograms each and 2 modules of less than 10 kilograms each) and their reduced size (i.e., typically less than 800 millimeters by 600 millimeters by 400 millimeters), they can be easily transported by truck, airplane, automobile, or boat. It can also be transported by a person without the need to use a handling device.
b) It is "self-contained" in that it does not require the use of any gas other than the gas being analyzed. In particular:
it does not require any carrier gas, which means an advantage over gas chromatography measurement techniques that require the use of hydrogen or helium.
It does not necessarily require the use of inerting gas in order to make it comply with the ATEX (atmospheres) regulations relating to equipment intended for explosive gas environments.
It does not require the use of a diluent gas, unlike electrochemical measurement techniques or measurement techniques that make use of the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and lead acetate as mentioned in document WO 2014/144038.
c) It is characterized by low measurement uncertainty (< 100 ppm) over the entire measurement range required for hydroprocessing applications, unlike techniques that require a diluent gas, such as those based on the use of paper impregnated with lead acetate.
d) It enables continuous analysis of the concentration of hydrogen sulphide, with a measuring frequency in the range 5 to 30 seconds, depending on the flow rate of the gas to be analyzed. Due to this continuous measurement, the refinery can react more quickly to the movement of hydrogen sulfide content in order to adjust, for example, the DMDS injection flow rate. Thus, high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide greater than 3% by volume, which are detrimental to the recompression stage, and very low concentrations below 0.1% which can damage the catalyst when reactor temperatures exceed 250 ℃, are avoided.
e) It does not require the use of harmful compounds such as lead acetate.
f) Which complies with the ATEX regulations (European explosion proof or anti-explosion standard) and which can be easily transported without being cumbersome. Specifically, industrial analytical equipment suppliers offer only fixed and large equipment that meets at least the ATex II 2G Ex d II B + H2T4 standard. The ATEX classification of the device is based on European directive 94/9/EC.
The kit of the invention satisfies the points "p" (suppression of explosive gas atmosphere) and/or "e" (suppression of combustion source) and/or "d" (explosion prevention, combustion not spread) of the ATEX classification. Preferably, the kit of the present invention meets at least the gist "D" of the ATEX classification by using explosion proof enclosures around modules a and D.
The invention has been described above by giving an example of measuring hydrogen sulphide in the off-gas derived from a unit for hydroprocessing petroleum fractions. However, the invention is not limited to this application and may be used in refinery processes where hydrogen is used to purify hydrocarbons. It can also be used to measure the amount of hydrogen sulphide present in the exhaust gases from a unit that carries out a catalytic oxidation reaction of hydrogen sulphide to obtain sulphur (claus reaction). It can also be used in petrochemical industry or in processes for the conversion of products of natural origin ("biorefining"). It can also be used in industrial fields for the production of hydrogen sulphide, such as waste water treatment, blast furnaces, paper making, tanning.
Claims (10)
1. A kit for measuring the hydrogen sulfide concentration of a gas that may contain hydrogen sulfide, the kit comprising separate modules that are connectable to each other, the modules being as follows:
-a measurement module a comprising a measurement chamber M in which the absorption of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation by the gas is measured;
an expansion module B able to bring the pressure of the gas to be analyzed up to the operating pressure of the measurement module;
-a pressure regulation module C able to maintain the pressure of said gas in the measurement chamber at a value falling within a range of measurement module operating pressure values;
a processing module D for measuring the absorption, which is able to obtain the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gas, an
-means capable of interconnecting the modules.
2. A kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is fixed wavelength infrared radiation emitted by a laser, preferably having a wavelength of 780 nm to 3000 nm.
3. A kit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is monochromatic radiation in the ultraviolet or visible wavelength range, preferably in the wavelength range of 100 nm to 380 nm or 380 nm to 780 nm, respectively.
4. A kit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
-the expansion module B has an inlet pipe (2) receiving the gas to be analyzed and an outlet pipe (3) connected to the inlet pipe (4) of the measurement module a;
-the measurement module a is electrically connected (9) to a processing module D;
-a conditioning module C is mechanically connected to a measuring module a (5, 7) and to a discharge duct (8) for discharging the gas out of the kit.
5. Kit as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the expansion module B is capable of bringing the gas to be analyzed to a pressure of 500 hPa (0.5 bar) relative pressure to 2000 hPa (2 bar) relative pressure measurement module operating pressure.
6. The kit as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein:
-the weight of the measuring module a is less than or equal to 60 kg, preferably less than or equal to 55 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 50 kg;
-the weight of the expansion module B is less than or equal to 20 kg, preferably less than or equal to 15 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg;
-the weight of said conditioning module C is less than or equal to 20 kg, preferably less than or equal to 15 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 10 kg;
-the weight of said treatment module D is less than or equal to 50 kg, preferably less than or equal to 40 kg, more preferably less than or equal to 35 kg.
7. A method for continuously measuring the hydrogen sulfide concentration of an exhaust gas using a detachable device capable of being temporarily attached to an apparatus for producing said exhaust gas, said method comprising the step of measuring the absorption of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation by said exhaust gas.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 wherein the electromagnetic radiation is fixed wavelength infrared radiation emitted by a laser, preferably having a wavelength of 780 to 3000 nanometers.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is monochromatic radiation in the ultraviolet or visible wavelength range, preferably in the wavelength range of 100 nm to 380 nm or 380 nm to 780 nm, respectively.
10. Use of a kit as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6 for measuring the hydrogen sulphide concentration of a gas which may contain hydrogen sulphide, said gas comprising at least 50% hydrogen by volume.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1550615 | 2015-01-27 | ||
| FR1550615A FR3032035B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | TRANSPORTABLE DEVICE FOR ON-LINE MEASUREMENT OF THE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CONCENTRATION OF A GAS EFFLUENT |
| CN201680007280.6A CN107430069A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | The mancarried device of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide of on-line measurement waste gas |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680007280.6A Division CN107430069A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | The mancarried device of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide of on-line measurement waste gas |
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|---|---|
| CN114112968A true CN114112968A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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| CN202111368117.1A Pending CN114112968A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | Portable device for on-line measuring hydrogen sulfide concentration of waste gas |
| CN201680007280.6A Pending CN107430069A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | The mancarried device of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide of on-line measurement waste gas |
| CN202111368142.XA Pending CN114112969A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | Portable device for on-line measuring hydrogen sulfide concentration of waste gas |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680007280.6A Pending CN107430069A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | The mancarried device of the concentration of hydrogen sulfide of on-line measurement waste gas |
| CN202111368142.XA Pending CN114112969A (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-26 | Portable device for on-line measuring hydrogen sulfide concentration of waste gas |
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| EP (1) | EP3250905B1 (en) |
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| RS (1) | RS64148B1 (en) |
| SA (1) | SA517381939B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016120277A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR3032035B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2022-07-15 | Arkema France | TRANSPORTABLE DEVICE FOR ON-LINE MEASUREMENT OF THE HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CONCENTRATION OF A GAS EFFLUENT |
| WO2018206243A1 (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-15 | Opsis Ab | Method and system for determining a content of h2s |
| FR3069453A1 (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2019-02-01 | Suez Groupe | DEVICE FOR CLEANING A GAS FOR ONLINE ANALYSIS |
| US11371914B2 (en) | 2019-09-11 | 2022-06-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Automated hydrogen sulfide sampler |
| CN111896708B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-07-22 | 新疆大学 | Device for measuring content of hydrogen sulfide in coal-based water and using method |
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