CN114111642B - Double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor - Google Patents
Double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN114111642B CN114111642B CN202111357799.6A CN202111357799A CN114111642B CN 114111642 B CN114111642 B CN 114111642B CN 202111357799 A CN202111357799 A CN 202111357799A CN 114111642 B CN114111642 B CN 114111642B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/255—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring radius of curvature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor, which comprises a light source, a first single-mode optical fiber, a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a spectrum analyzer which are connected in sequence; the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber comprises a central fiber core and two air holes; a first suspension fiber core is arranged in the first air hole, and a second suspension fiber core is arranged in the second air hole; the two suspension fiber cores are respectively in resonance coupling with the central fiber core under different phase matching wavelengths, and the included angle between the centers of the two suspension fiber cores and the central connecting line of the double-air-hole three-core fiber is 90 degrees. The invention uses the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber as the sensor unit, has the advantages of high integration level, large measuring range, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and can realize the measurement of the bending of a single sensor in any two-dimensional direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, relates to a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor, and particularly relates to a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor based on a resonance coupling principle.
Background
At present, an optical fiber sensor based on a resonance coupling principle is mainly prepared by using a double-core optical fiber with the same fiber core, and the sensor is used for bending sensing and faces two problems: 1. the sensor is prepared by adopting a double-core optical fiber, so that a single sensor can only measure bending curvature in two directions, and two sensors are needed to be used for realizing bending measurement in any direction in a two-dimensional plane. 2. The two fiber cores of the dual-core optical fiber used for preparing the sensor are identical, and the two fiber core modes meet the phase matching condition under any wavelength, so that a plurality of continuous formants exist in the transmission spectrum, and the measuring range of the sensor is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor based on the resonance coupling principle, so that the measurement of the bending of a single optical fiber sensor in any two-dimensional direction is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor comprises a light source, a first single-mode optical fiber, a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber, a second single-mode optical fiber and a spectrum analyzer which are sequentially connected; the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber comprises a central fiber core and two air holes; a first suspension fiber core is arranged in the first air hole, and a second suspension fiber core is arranged in the second air hole; the two suspension fiber cores are respectively in resonance coupling with the central fiber core under different phase matching wavelengths, and the included angle between the centers of the two suspension fiber cores and the central connecting line of the double-air-hole three-core fiber is 90 degrees.
Further, the two suspension fiber cores are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the two air holes and are close to the central fiber core.
Further, the diameter of the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber is 125 mu m, the diameter of the central fiber core is 8.5-9 mu m, the diameters of the two air holes are 35-40 mu m, the distance between the edges of the two air holes and the edges of the central fiber core is 3-8 mu m, the diameters of the two suspension fiber cores are 10-13 mu m, the diameters of the two suspension fiber cores are different, the diameter difference is 0.2-2 mu m, and the refractive index differences between the two suspension fiber cores and the central fiber core and the cladding are 0.004-0.006 respectively.
Further, the length of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber is equal to a common multiple of odd times of the coupling length of the central fiber core and the two suspension fiber cores which are respectively in resonance coupling.
Further, the two suspended cores are not equal in diameter and are both larger than the central core diameter.
Furthermore, the wide-spectrum light emitted by the light source is incident from the central fiber core of the double-air-hole three-core fiber through the first single-mode fiber, the light with the corresponding phase matching wavelength of the two suspension fiber cores is coupled into the corresponding suspension fiber cores, and two formants are generated in the transmission spectrum of the central fiber core; when the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber is bent, the stress introduced by bending modulates the refractive index distribution of the central fiber core and the two suspension fiber cores, the phase matching wavelength and the coupling coefficient of the two suspension fiber cores and the central fiber core are changed, the two formants drift, the transmission spectrum of the sensor is detected by utilizing a spectrum analyzer, and curvature and bending direction measurement is realized by detecting the drift amount and the drift direction of the two formants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a bending sensor based on a resonance coupling principle, which is prepared by using a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber, wherein a central fiber core of the sensor and two suspension fiber cores which are orthogonally distributed generate resonance coupling, and the bending sensor is used for measuring the bending of a single optical fiber sensor in any two-dimensional direction by using the characteristic that the sensitivity of the resonance coupling between different fiber cores to the bending direction is different. Because the diameters of the two suspended fiber cores are different, the resonance peaks of the two suspended fiber cores and the central fiber core can be separated, and because the central fiber core and the fundamental mode in the suspended fiber core are only resonantly coupled under a certain specific wavelength, two resonance peaks only appear near two phase matching wavelengths in the transmission spectrum of the sensor, and the bending measurement range is enlarged. The invention uses the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber as the sensor unit, has the advantages of high integration level, large measuring range, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and can realize the measurement of the bending of a single sensor in any two-dimensional direction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual air hole three-core fiber structure.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a dual air hole three-core optical fiber.
FIG. 4 is a simulation calculation result of a dispersion curve of a double-air-hole three-core optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor of the present invention utilizes the resonance coupling of the central fiber cores of the dual-air-hole three-core optical fibers with two suspension fiber cores which are orthogonally distributed. The dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber is formed by sequentially connecting a wide-spectrum light source 1, a single-mode optical fiber 2, a dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3, a single-mode optical fiber 4 and a spectrum analyzer 5, wherein two ends of the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 are respectively connected with the single-mode optical fiber 2 and the single-mode optical fiber 4, and the other ends of the single-mode optical fiber 2 and the single-mode optical fiber 4 are respectively connected with the wide-spectrum light source 1 and the spectrum analyzer 5. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 includes an air hole 3-2, an air hole 3-3, a suspension core 3-4, a suspension core 3-5, and a central core 3-1; the suspended cores 3-4 and 3-5 have different phase matching wavelengths, respectively, from the central core 3-1, and are each capable of resonance coupling with the central core 3-1 at a respective phase matching wavelength. After wide-spectrum light is incident through the center fiber core 3-1 of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber, as the two suspension fiber cores and the center fiber core are in resonance coupling under different wavelengths, light with phase matching wavelength is coupled into the corresponding suspension fiber cores, so that two resonance peaks are generated in the transmission spectrum of the center fiber core 3-1, the fundamental mode dispersion curves of the suspension fiber core 3-4 and the suspension fiber core 3-5 and the central fiber core mode dispersion curves respectively have only one intersection point, and the fundamental mode modes in the center fiber core and the suspension fiber core only meet the phase matching condition under the wavelengths corresponding to the intersection points of the dispersion curves, so that resonance coupling occurs. When the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 is bent, the stress introduced by bending modulates the refractive index distribution of the central fiber core 3-1, the suspension fiber cores 3-4 and the suspension fiber cores 3-5, so that the phase matching wavelength and the coupling coefficient of the suspension fiber cores and the central fiber core are changed, and two formants in the transmission spectrum are caused to drift. By detecting the drift amount of the two formants, high-precision two-dimensional bending measurement can be realized.
The resonance coupling effect between the central core 3-1 and the suspended cores 3-4 is sensitive to bending in a direction parallel to the plane of the two cores. The resonance coupling effect between the central core 3-1 and the suspended cores 3-5 is sensitive to bending in a direction parallel to the plane of the two cores. Since the central core 3-1 is orthogonally distributed with the suspended cores 3-4 and 3-5, the bending state (the magnitude of curvature and the bending direction) of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber can be determined by the wavelength drift of two formants in the transmission spectrum, thereby realizing two-dimensional bending sensing.
The central fiber core 3-1 is positioned at the center of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber; the diameters of the two air holes can be the same or different, and the included angle between the center of the two suspension fiber cores and the connecting line of the center of the optical fiber is 90 degrees; the two suspension fiber cores are respectively suspended on the inner walls of the two air holes and are closest to the central fiber core; the included angle between the connecting lines of the centers of the two suspension fiber cores and the center of the optical fiber is 90 degrees, the diameters of the two suspension fiber cores are different and are larger than the diameter of the center fiber core, and the different diameters lead the fundamental mode in the two suspension fiber cores and the mode in the center fiber core to meet the phase matching condition under different wavelengths so as to generate resonance coupling.
The diameter of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 is 125 mu m, the diameter of the central fiber core 3-1 is 8.5-9 mu m, the diameters of the air holes 3-2 and 3-3 are 35-40 mu m, the distance between the edges of the two air holes and the edge of the central fiber core 3-1 is 3-8 mu m, the diameters of the suspended fiber core 3-4 and the suspended fiber core 3-5 are 10-13 mu m, the diameters of the two suspended fiber cores are different, the diameter difference is 0.2-2 mu m, and the refractive index difference between the fiber core and the cladding is 0.004-0.006.
The length of the dual-air-hole three-core fiber 3 should be equal to or close to a common multiple of an odd multiple of the fundamental mode coupling length of the central core 3-1 with the suspended cores 3-4 and 3-5, respectively, to ensure that the central core transmission spectrum has distinct formants at both two phase matching wavelengths.
The two ends of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 are respectively provided with a central fiber core 3-1 which is connected with the fiber cores of the single-mode optical fibers in a right-opposite way, and the other ends of the two single-mode optical fibers are respectively connected with the wide-spectrum light source 1 and the spectrum analyzer 5. The broad spectrum light source injects light into the central core 3-1 of the double air hole three-core optical fiber 3 through the single mode optical fiber 2, and then the transmission spectrum of the central core 3-1 is transmitted to the spectrum analyzer 5 by the single mode optical fiber 4.
Examples are given below in connection with specific parameters:
with reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 has a diameter of 125 μm and a central core diameter of 8.5 μm, and can be welded with the single-mode optical fiber 2 and the single-mode optical fiber 4 with low loss. The internal structure of the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 comprises a suspension fiber core 3-4, a suspension fiber core 3-5, a central fiber core 3-1, an air hole 3-2 and an air hole 3-3. The double-air-hole three-core optical fiber is a quartz optical fiber, and the refractive index difference between the fiber core and the cladding is 0.005.
The diameters of the two air holes are the same, and the size is 36 mu m; the included angle between the center of the suspension fiber core 3-4 and the center of the suspension fiber core 3-5 and the center connecting line of the optical fiber center fiber core 3-1 is 90 degrees; the air hole 3-2 and the edge of the air hole 3-3 are close to and equal to the edge of the central fiber core 3-1, and the size is 5.75 mu m; the suspension fiber cores 3-4 and 3-5 are respectively positioned on one side of the inner walls of the two air holes 3-2 and 3-3 closest to the optical fiber center fiber core 3, and the included angle between the center of the two suspension fiber cores and the central connecting line of the center fiber core 3-1 is 90 degrees; the suspended core 3-4 and the suspended core 3-5 have different diameters but smaller differences, both larger than the central core 3-1 and much smaller than the air holes 3-2 and 3-3, respectively, 11.95 μm and 12.70 μm in diameter.
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from the dispersion curves of the dual-air-hole three-core fiber that the suspended cores 3-4 and 3-5 are resonance-coupled with the central core 3 at wavelengths of 1310nm and 1550nm, respectively. The coupling length of the central core 3-1 and the suspended core 3-4 at 1310nm is about 9.4mm and the coupling length of the central core 3-1 and the suspended core 3-5 at 1550nm is about 3.2mm. If the length of the dual air hole three-core fiber is made to approach a common multiple of an odd multiple of the two coupling lengths, then the central core 3-1 transmission spectrum will have formants at both near 1310nm and 1550 nm.
The broad spectrum light source 1 guides light into the central core 3-1 of the dual air hole three-core optical fiber 3 through the common single mode optical fiber 2, and since the suspended core 3-4 and the suspended core 3-5 and the central core 3-1 meet the phase matching condition at 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths respectively, resonance coupling will occur, so that light near 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths in the central core 3-1 will be coupled into the corresponding suspended cores, resulting in two formants in the output spectrum of the central core 3-1. The spectrum is led out from the single-mode fiber 3 to a spectrum analyzer 5 for detection. When the double air hole three-core optical fiber 3 is bent, the elasto-optical effect causes the refractive index distribution of the optical fiber to change, thereby causing the phase matching wavelength between the central fiber core 3-1 and the two suspension fiber cores to change, and causing the two formants to drift. Because of the asymmetric distribution of the two suspended cores, the two formants are sensitive to bending direction in addition to the bending curvature. The bending curvature and direction can be sensed by detecting the amount of shift of the two formants.
When the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor based on the resonance coupling principle is prepared, the dual-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 is cut into a length of 9.4mm under a microscope, the length is 1 times of the coupling length of the central fiber core 3-1 and the suspension fiber core 3-4 at the wavelength of 1310nm, and is very close to 3 times of the coupling length of the central fiber core 3-1 and the suspension fiber core 3-5 at the wavelength of 1550 nm. And then the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber 3 and the single-mode optical fibers 2 and 4 are welded by an optical fiber welding machine. The single-mode fiber 2 is connected with the broad spectrum light source 1, and the single-mode fiber 4 is connected with the spectrum analyzer 5. The spectrum analyzer 5 is used to detect the transmission spectrum of the sensor, and two-dimensional bending sensing can be realized by analyzing the wavelength drift amount and the drift direction of the two formants.
Claims (5)
1. A double-air-hole three-core optical fiber bending sensor is characterized in that: the device comprises a light source (1), a first single-mode fiber (2), a double-air-hole three-core fiber (3), a second single-mode fiber (4) and a spectrum analyzer (5) which are connected in sequence; the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber (3) comprises a central fiber core (3-1) and two air holes (3-2, 3-3); a first suspension fiber core (3-4) is arranged in the first air hole (3-2), and a second suspension fiber core (3-5) is arranged in the second air hole (3-3); the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) are respectively in resonance coupling with the central fiber core (3-1) under different phase matching wavelengths, and the included angle between the centers of the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) and the central connecting line of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber (3) is 90 degrees;
the diameter of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber (3) is 125 mu m, the diameter of the central fiber core (3-1) is 8.5-9 mu m, the diameter range of the two air holes (3-2, 3-3) is 35-40 mu m, the distance between the edges of the two air holes (3-2, 3-3) and the edge of the central fiber core (3-1) is 3-8 mu m, the diameter range of the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) is 10-13 mu m, the diameters of the two suspension fiber cores are different, the diameter difference range is 0.2-2 mu m, and the refractive index differences between the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) and the central fiber core (3-1) and the cladding are 0.004-0.006 respectively.
2. A dual air hole three core fiber bend sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) are respectively arranged on the inner walls of the two air holes (3-2, 3-3) and are close to the central fiber core (3-1).
3. A dual air hole three core fiber bend sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber (3) is equal to a common multiple of odd times of the coupling length of the central fiber core and the two suspension fiber cores which are respectively in resonance coupling.
4. A dual air hole three core fiber bend sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the two suspension cores (3-4, 3-5) have different diameters and are each larger than the central core (3-1).
5. A dual air hole three core fiber bend sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the wide-spectrum light emitted by the light source (1) is incident from a central fiber core (3-1) of the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber (3) through the first single-mode optical fiber (2), the light with the phase matching wavelength corresponding to the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) is coupled into the corresponding suspension fiber cores, and two formants are generated in the transmission spectrum of the central fiber core (3-1); when the double-air-hole three-core optical fiber (3) is bent, stress introduced by bending modulates refractive index distribution of the central fiber core (3-1) and two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5), phase matching wavelength and coupling coefficient of the two suspension fiber cores (3-4, 3-5) and the central fiber core (3-1) are changed, two formants drift, a spectrum analyzer (5) is used for detecting transmission spectrum of a sensor, and curvature and bending direction measurement is realized by detecting drift amount and drift direction of the two formants.
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| US7317849B1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2008-01-08 | Institut National D'optique | Optical fiber sensor and method |
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