CN114111470A

CN114111470A - A medium and large-caliber rotating artillery projectile warhead mechanically triggered fuze that can prevent ballistic explosion

Info

Publication number: CN114111470A
Application number: CN202111397774.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王雨时; 牛兰杰; 闻泉; 王光宇
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-11-23
Filing date: 2021-11-23
Publication date: 2022-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-23
Also published as: CN114111470B

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical trigger fuse of a medium-large caliber rotary shell warhead capable of preventing ballistic explosion, which comprises a fuse body (1), a rainproof mechanism (2), a collision trigger mechanism (3), a setting mechanism (4), a safety and safety relief mechanism (5), a recoil safety/inertia trigger/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism (6), a booster component (7) and a connecting pipe (8). Wherein the rainproof mechanism (2), the impact triggering mechanism (3), the connecting pipe (8), the safety and safety relief mechanism (5), the recoil safety/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism (6) and the booster pipe component (7) are sequentially positioned in the fuze body (1) from top to bottom and are distributed along the axis of the fuze body. The setting mechanism (4) is positioned between the impact trigger mechanism (3) and the force connecting pipe (8) and is distributed along the radial direction of the fuse. The invention has good safety, and can effectively prevent the problem of ballistic explosion through the design of a safety and safety release mechanism (5), in particular a centrifugal ball-constrained inertia trigger mechanism and a centrifugal slider type remote safety release mechanism.

Description

Mechanical trigger fuse for preventing bullet of large and medium caliber rotating cannonball from ballistic explosion

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rotary projectile fuzes, and particularly relates to a mechanical trigger fuze of a medium and large caliber rotary projectile warhead, which can prevent ballistic explosion.

Background

With the implementation of the standard of fuse safety design criteria, fuses are generally designed with explosion-proof mechanisms, redundant safety mechanisms and delay relief safety mechanisms, so that the accidents of carrying explosion and chamber explosion are reduced to a great extent, but for medium and large caliber rotary shells with matched warheads for triggering the fuses, the accidents of muzzle explosion and ballistic explosion still occur occasionally. The ballistic explosion phenomenon occurs in the initial section of the ballistic trajectory, namely the moment that the fuse is just relieved of insurance, in the positions 500-1000 m away from the muzzle and in the ballistic arc dropping section.

Although ballistic bombs are small probability events, the total number of ballistic bombs still remains small with the dramatic increase in the amount of military training use. Not only affects the reliability of the action and the morale, but also possibly affects the use safety.

It is therefore required that the fuze shall have ballistic safety against its ballistic blast problem in addition to being able to meet the traditional safety requirements, namely service handling safety, loading safety, launch safety and muzzle safety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mechanical trigger fuse of a medium and large caliber rotary shell warhead capable of preventing ballistic explosion, which can effectively prevent the phenomenon of fuse ballistic explosion in the process of projectile flight.

The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a mechanical trigger fuse for the bullet of rotary bullet with middle or large diameter for preventing the bullet from being exploded is composed of fuse body, rain-proof mechanism, collision trigger mechanism, fixing mechanism, safety and relief mechanism, recoil safety/inertial trigger/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism, explosion transfer tube unit and connecting tube. The fuse body comprises a fuse upper body and a fuse lower body which are connected together through threads. The rain-proof mechanism comprises a rain-proof cylinder and 4-8 rain-proof rods, the rain-proof rods are located in a cavity at the top of the fuse upper body, and the rain-proof rods are fixed in side wall holes of the rain-proof cylinder in a staggered mode from top to bottom. The impact triggering mechanism comprises a support tube, a fire cap seat, a needling fire cap, a support tube and an instantaneous firing pin, wherein the needling fire cap is arranged in the fire cap seat, the instantaneous firing pin is fixed above the needling fire cap and supported by the support tube, so that the needling fire cap cannot be fired at ordinary times, and the fire cap seat, the support tube and the instantaneous firing pin are fixed by the support tube in a closing-up manner. The installing and fixing mechanism comprises a delay tube, an adjusting bolt spring, an adjusting nut, a sealing ring and an adjusting bolt. Besides the radial through hole in the middle of the adjusting bolt, the fire transmission grooves are symmetrically arranged on the outer cylindrical surface, a delay tube is arranged in the other radial through hole arranged between the symmetrical fire transmission grooves, the exposed end of the adjusting bolt is provided with a cross groove, and the adjusting bolt can be fixed by rotating a special fixing tool or a coin. The relay pipe is positioned between the installing and fixing mechanism and the safety and safety relieving mechanism. The safety and safety relief mechanism comprises a centrifugal slider remote relief mechanism, a crawling ball, a ball rotor centrifugal relief mechanism and a ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism, wherein the centrifugal slider remote relief mechanism comprises a cover plate, a slider spring, a slider, a centrifugal cylinder, a centrifugal inertia spring, a safety ball, a blocking plate and a screw. The cover plate is fixed on the lower body of the fuse through screws, and the slide block spring, the slide block, the centrifugal cylinder, the centrifugal inertia spring, the safety ball and the blocking piece are fixed in corresponding grooves on the lower body of the fuse. The two centrifuge tubes are placed in two parallel centrifuge tube slots that are offset at an angle and are symmetrical about the axis of the fuze. One end of the centrifugal inertia spring is supported on the baffle plate, and the other end of the centrifugal inertia spring is supported at the bottom of the hole of the centrifugal cylinder. A slider spring is embedded in the slider. The safety ball is positioned in a communication groove between the upper slide block groove and the centrifugal cylinder groove on the lower body of the fuse, one side of the safety ball is clamped in the tapered groove on the side surface of the slide block to limit the movement of the slide block, and the other side of the safety ball is blocked by the centrifugal cylinder. The lower end of the centrifugal slide block remote relief mechanism is provided with a ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism which comprises an isolation ball, a relay pipe seat, a connecting pipe, a detonator sleeve, a flame/acupuncture delay detonator, a positioning pin, a locking spring, a locking cylinder, a ball seat and a fuze lower body. Fire transfer holes are arranged above the central axis and the radial symmetrical axis of the detonator sleeve, and 1 flame/acupuncture delay detonator is symmetrically arranged in each of the step holes at the two ends of the detonator sleeve. The fire hole of the detonator sleeve radial symmetry axis is coaxial with the stepped hole of the isolation ball in the vertical axis direction (fuze axis direction), and a relay pipe seat and a connecting pipe are riveted in the stepped hole coaxial with the upper end of the fire hole of the isolation ball coinciding with the fuze axis. The detonator sleeve is arranged in a transverse step hole on the isolating ball and is fixed by inserting a positioning pin into a pin hole parallel to the vertical axis (the axis direction of the fuse) of the isolating ball, so that the isolating ball is communicated with a fire transfer hole on the detonator sleeve. The locking springs and the locking cylinders are symmetrically arranged at each end of the two ends of the detonator sleeve to form a locking mechanism (reverse recovery mechanism) of the isolation ball component (ball rotor). One end of a locking spring outside the detonator sleeve is propped against the bottom of the step hole of the isolation ball, the other end of the locking spring is supported at the bottom of the hole of the locking cylinder and propped against the inner wall of the cavity of the detonator lower body and the ball seat, and the locking cylinder is positioned in the step hole of the isolation ball and can freely slide along the radial direction of the isolation ball. And 3 ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanisms are uniformly distributed on the upper ring side of the ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism along the circumferential direction, and each ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanism comprises a centrifuge, a centrifugal spring and a centrifugal separation blade. The centrifugal piece is provided with a blind hole, the blind hole faces outwards, a centrifugal spring is arranged in the centrifugal piece, the centrifugal spring, the centrifugal baffle and the centrifugal baffle are coaxially arranged in a radial hole of the lower body of the fuse, and the centrifugal baffle is fixed in a step hole on the outer side of the lower body of the fuse in a point riveting mode. One end of the centrifugal spring is propped against the centrifugal separation blade, and the other end of the centrifugal spring is supported at the bottom of the blind hole of the centrifugal sub and propped against the bottom of the arc groove at the top end of the isolation ball. The recoil safety/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism belongs to a recoil safety mechanism of an explosion-proof mechanism in a fuse safety and release safety mechanism in function, is relatively independent in structure, and further performs the functions of inertia triggering, centrifugal self-destruction and explosion initiation, and specifically comprises an explosion initiating medicine, an explosion initiating pipe shell, a prepressing self-destruction spring, a base, a support, a centrifugal ball and an inertia self-destruction firing pin. The support is pressed between the base and the ball seat and is coaxial with the base, so that the recoil safety/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism realizes structural modularization. The outer circumference of the inertia self-destruction firing pin is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed blind holes along the radial direction, and each blind hole is internally provided with a centrifugal ball. The inertia self-destruction firing pin is internally provided with a prepressing self-destruction spring in a cylindrical hole (ring groove) at the bottom, the inertia self-destruction firing pin tightly props against the bottom plane of the isolation ball under the action of the prepressing self-destruction spring, and the other end of the prepressing self-destruction spring is supported at the bottom of a step hole at the lower end of the base. The bottom end of the prepressing self-destroying spring hole on the inertia self-destroying striker is provided with a cylindrical bulge, a blind hole is arranged in the cylindrical bulge, an explosion-conducting shell is arranged in the blind hole, and an explosion-conducting agent is arranged in the explosion-conducting shell. The booster component includes a booster shell, a booster charge and a reinforcing cap. The bulge at the top of the reinforcing cap is inserted into the central hole at the bottom of the base, so that the explosion propagation distance between the reinforcing cap and the detonating tube is shortened. The bottom of the booster shell and the booster are provided with energy-gathering charge structures, so that the detonation capacity of the main charge of the projectile can be improved on the premise of ensuring the emission intensity.

Furthermore, two square or rectangular through holes are arranged on the sliding block of the safety and safety release mechanism along the radial direction of the fuse, the square through hole at the center is a fire transfer hole, and the rectangular through hole at the outer side is used for ensuring that the mass center of the sliding block is positioned at one side of a sliding block spring relative to the axis of the fuse. The outer side of the sliding block is also symmetrically provided with a positioning boss to limit the moving range of the sliding block in the sliding block groove. The slide block is locked in the tapered groove of the slide block by the safety ball, and the slide block can move only after the centrifugal cylinder compresses the centrifugal inertia spring to move outside a certain range under the action of centrifugal force to release the safety ball.

Furthermore, the centrifugal cylinders are arranged obliquely in pairs, and the pair of centrifugal cylinders can be relieved only in a launching centrifugal environment.

Furthermore, the fire transmission channel design inside the ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism and the flame input characteristic at the inner end of the flame/acupuncture delay detonator can ensure the fire-insulating function of the fuze.

Furthermore, the isolating ball is provided with a transverse through hole which passes through the center of the ball in an assembling state and is perpendicular to the axis of the fuse, and the fire insulation effect is realized under the condition that the isolating ball component, namely the ball rotor, is not rotated rightly.

Furthermore, the delay tube is not inverted and positive, the performances of the two ends are the same, the mounting mechanism does not need to limit, the structure is simplified, and the use is convenient.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

1. preventing ballistic blasting: by means of the inertia triggering structure constrained by the centrifugal ball and the design of the centrifugal slider type long-distance safety relief mechanism, the ballistic explosion phenomenon can be effectively avoided structurally and theoretically.

2. The explosive treatment safety is good: through self-destruction, fire extinction, recovery insurance and self-failure design, the safety of explosive treatment after the detonator is detonated is good.

3. The structure is simple, the cost is low, the use is convenient, and the reliability is high.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a mechanical trigger fuse for a bullet of a medium and large caliber rotary projectile for ballistic protection of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the centrifugal slider remote arming mechanism taken along a-a of the front cross-sectional view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a left side cross-sectional view of a mechanical trigger fuse for a bullet of a medium and large caliber rotary projectile for ballistic protection of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the setting mechanism taken along B-B in the front cross-sectional view of fig. 1.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the centrifugal fuse mechanism taken along line C-C of the front cross-sectional view of FIG. 1.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the mechanical trigger fuse of the bullet of the medium and large caliber rotary cannonball capable of preventing ballistic explosion comprises a fuse body 1, a rainproof mechanism 2, a bumping trigger mechanism 3, a setting mechanism 4, a safety and relief mechanism 5, a recoil safety/inertia trigger/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism 6, a booster pipe part 7 and a relay pipe 8. The fuse body 1 includes a fuse upper body 11 and a fuse lower body 12 which are screwed together.

The rain-proof mechanism 2 comprises a rain-proof cylinder 22 and 4-8 rain-proof rods 21 and is positioned in a cavity at the top of the fuse upper body 11, and the rain-proof rods 21 are fixed in side wall holes of the rain-proof cylinder 22 in a staggered mode from top to bottom.

The bumping trigger mechanism 3 comprises a support tube 31, a fire cap seat 32, a needling fire cap 33, a firing pin sleeve 34 and a transient firing pin 35, wherein the needling fire cap 33 is arranged in the fire cap seat 32, the transient firing pin 35 is fixed above the needling fire cap 33 and is supported by the support tube 31, the needling fire cap 33 can not be fired at ordinary times, and the support tube 31, the fire cap seat 32 and the transient firing pin 35 are closed and fixed by the firing pin sleeve 34 to form a bumping trigger mechanism module.

The setting mechanism 4 comprises a delay tube 41, an adjusting bolt spring 42, an adjusting nut 43, a sealing ring 44 and an adjusting bolt 45. The adjusting bolt 45 is provided with a radial through hole at the middle part along the radial direction of the adjusting bolt 45, the alignment time is coincided with the axis of the fuse, the outer cylindrical surface is also symmetrically provided with a fire transmission groove, a delay tube 41 is arranged in another radial through hole arranged between the upper and lower symmetrical fire transmission grooves, the exposed end of the adjusting bolt 45 is provided with a cross groove, and the adjusting bolt 45 can be rotated through the cross groove by using a special fixing tool or a coin for fixing.

The connecting pipe 8 is positioned between the setting mechanism 4 and the safety and relief mechanism 5 and is filled with black powder or boron/potassium nitrate or lead nitride.

The safety and relief mechanism 5 comprises a centrifugal slider remote relief mechanism 51, a crawling ball 52, a ball rotor centrifugal relief mechanism 53 and a ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 54. The centrifugal slider remote unlocking mechanism 51 comprises a cover plate 511, a slider spring 512, a slider 513, a centrifugal cylinder 514, a centrifugal inertia spring 515, a safety ball 516, a baffle 517 and a screw 518. The centrifugal slider remote arming mechanism 51 should also include a crawler ball 52 and a ball rotor explosion suppression and delay arming mechanism 54 in a broad sense. The cover plate 511 is fixed on the fuse lower body 12 through a screw 518, and the slide block spring 512, the slide block 513, the centrifugal cylinder 514, the centrifugal inertia spring 515, the safety ball 516 and the blocking plate 517 are fixed in corresponding grooves on the fuse lower body 12. Two centrifuge bowl 514 are placed in two parallel bowl slots that are offset at an angle and symmetrical about the axis of the fuze. The centrifugal inertia spring 515 is supported on the baffle 517 at one end and on the bottom of the hole of the centrifugal cylinder 514 at the other end. A slider spring 512 is embedded in the slider 513. The safety ball 516 is located in the communication groove between the slide block groove and the centrifuge bowl groove on the fuze lower body 12, one side of the safety ball is clamped in the tapered groove on the side surface of the slide block 513 to limit the movement of the slide block 513, and the other side of the safety ball is blocked by the centrifuge bowl 514.

The ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 54 is arranged at the lower end of the centrifugal slider remote relief mechanism 51 and comprises an isolation ball 541, a relay pipe seat 542, a relay pipe 543, a detonator sleeve 544, a flame/acupuncture delay detonator 545, a positioning pin 546, a locking spring 547, a locking cylinder 548, a ball seat 549 and a fuze lower body 12. Fire holes are arranged above the central axis and the radial symmetry line of the

detonator sleeve

544, and 1 flame/needle delay detonator 545 is symmetrically arranged in each of the step holes at the two ends of the detonator sleeve 544. The fire transmission holes of the radial symmetric axis of the detonator sleeve 544 are coaxial with the stepped holes of the isolation ball 541 in the vertical axis direction of the fuse axis, and the relay pipe seat 542 and the relay pipe 543 are riveted in the stepped holes coaxial with the upper ends of the fire transmission holes of the isolation ball 541 and the fuse axis which are overlapped. A detonator sleeve 544 is mounted in a stepped bore in isolation ball 541 and secured therein by a locating pin 546 inserted through a pin bore parallel to the vertical axis of isolation ball 541, thereby allowing isolation ball 541 to communicate with a fire bore in detonator sleeve 544. A locking spring 547 and a locking cylinder 548 are mounted at each end of the detonator sleeve 544 to form a locking mechanism reverse recovery mechanism for the ball rotor of the isolation ball component. One end of a locking spring 547 outside the detonator sleeve 544 abuts against the bottom of the stepped hole of the isolating ball 541, the other end of the locking spring 547 is supported at the bottom of the locking cylinder 548 and abuts against the lower fuze body 12 and the inner wall of the ball cavity of the ball seat 549, and the locking cylinder 548 is positioned in the stepped hole of the isolating ball 541 and can freely slide along the radial direction of the isolating ball 541.

3 ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanisms 53 are uniformly distributed on the upper ring side of the ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 54 along the circumferential direction, and each ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanism comprises a centrifuge 531, a centrifugal spring 532 and a centrifugal separation blade 533. The centrifuge 531 is provided with a blind hole facing outward, a centrifugal spring 532 is arranged in the blind hole, the centrifugal spring 532 and the centrifugal separation blade 533 are coaxially arranged in a radial hole of the lower body 12 of the fuse, and the centrifugal separation blade 533 is riveted and fixed in a step hole at the outer side of the lower body 12 of the fuse. One end of the centrifugal spring 532 abuts against the centrifugal blocking piece 533, and the other end is supported at the bottom of the blind hole of the centrifuge 531 and abuts against the bottom of the arc groove at the top end of the isolating ball 541.

In the product assembling process, 3 ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanisms 53 comprising a centrifugal piece 531, a centrifugal spring 532 and a centrifugal baffle 533 are firstly installed into the fuze lower body 12, then the ball rotors of the isolation ball components comprising an isolation ball 541, a relay pipe seat 542, a relay pipe 543, a detonator sleeve 544, a flame/acupuncture delay detonator 545, a positioning pin 546, a locking spring 547 and a locking cylinder 548 are installed into the inner cavity of the fuze lower body 12 and are screwed into the ball seat 549, and thus the ball rotor explosion-proof and delay relief mechanism 54 is formed. The assembly accuracy of the ball rotor, particularly the prevention of the ball rotor being assembled into an unsecured state, can be checked by the fuze lower body 12 and the center hole of the bottom of the ball seat 549.

The recoil safety/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism 6 belongs to a recoil safety mechanism of the ball rotor explosion-proof and delay safety-removing mechanism 54 in the fuze safety and safety-removing mechanism 5 in function, is relatively independent in structure, and further performs the functions of inertia triggering, centrifugal self-destruction and explosion initiation, and specifically comprises an explosion initiating medicine 61, an explosion initiating pipe shell 62, a prepressing self-destruction spring 63, a base 64, a support 65, a centrifugal ball 66 and an inertia self-destruction firing pin 67. The bracket 65 is compressed between the base 64 and the ball seat 549 and is coaxial with the base 64, so that the recoil insurance/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism realizes structural modularization. A plurality of blind holes are uniformly distributed along the radial direction on the outer circumference of the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67, and a centrifugal ball 66 is placed in each blind hole. The cylindrical hole ring groove at the bottom of the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 is internally provided with a pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63, the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 is tightly pressed against the plane at the bottom of the isolating ball 541 under the action of the pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63, and the other end of the pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63 is supported at the bottom of the stepped hole at the lower end of the base 64. The bottom end of the hole of the prepressing self-destruction spring 63 on the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 is provided with a cylindrical bulge, a blind hole is arranged in the cylindrical bulge, a detonating cartridge 62 is arranged in the blind hole, and a detonating powder 61 is arranged in the detonating cartridge 62. The detonating agent 61 is selected from acceptable detonating agents such as poly-black-14 and poly-ao-9. The opening below the bracket 65 is provided with a conical surface, when the inertia self-destruction striker 67 sits down, the centrifugal ball 66 partially throws out the radial blind hole of the inertia self-destruction striker 67 under the action of centrifugal force and abuts against the conical surface of the bracket 65, so that the inertia self-destruction striker 67 cannot reset upwards.

The squib member 7 includes a squib case 71, a squib 72 and a reinforcing cap 73. The booster 72 is selected from acceptable booster such as poly black-14, poly black-6 and dull black-5. The boss on the top of the reinforcing cap 73 is inserted into the central hole in the bottom of the base 64, reducing the detonation distance between the reinforcing cap and the explosive 61. The booster shell 71 and the booster 72 are of shaped charge structures, so that the detonation capability of the main charge of the projectile can be improved on the premise of ensuring the launching strength.

The operation of the fuze of the present invention is described in detail below.

The credible impact and vibration in the service treatment stage, including falling and transportation vibration, can not change the assembly state of each component of the fuse. The centrifugal slider remote arming mechanism 51 and the creeper ball 52, the ball rotor centrifugal arming mechanism 53 and the recoil arming/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism 6 provide triple insurance for the fuze. The centrifugal slider remote arming mechanism 51 locks the ball rotor in the armed state via the creeper ball 52. The centrifugal insurance contained in the centrifugal slide block remote release insurance mechanism 51 is the key for preventing ballistic explosion, and when the centrifugal force is large in the initial stage of an outer ballistic trajectory, the insurance at the centrifugal cylinder 514 can only be released, so that the slide block 513 is not limited by the insurance ball 516, but the slide block 513 still presses the slide block spring 512 under the action of the centrifugal force, the slide block 513 still cannot release the insurance on the crawling ball 52, and the crawling ball 52 still blocks the insurance ball rotor. In the later stage of the outer trajectory, along with the gradual reduction of the rotating speed of the projectile, the centrifugal force of the sliding block 513 is gradually reduced, after a certain critical value is reached, the resisting force of the sliding block spring 512 is greater than the centrifugal force of the sliding block 513, the sliding block 513 is pushed to the central position, the crawling ball 52 is released, then the crawling ball 52 enters the square hole in the sliding block 513 under the action of the crawling force and the rotating positive extrusion force of the ball rotor, the ball rotor is further released, therefore, the remote safety relief of the centrifugal sliding block can be realized from high to low rotating speed after the projectile undergoes a certain range, and the initial section with higher probability of trajectory explosion is effectively avoided. Furthermore, the fuze inertia trigger mechanism 6 is also a centrifugal self-destruction mechanism, the inertia trigger firing pin 67 is locked by the centrifugal ball 66 through the self-destruction inclined plane on the outer trajectory, so that the disturbing force of the centrifugal force property generated by the round-heart motion of the projectile on the outer trajectory does not make the inertia trigger firing pin 67 overcome the locking of the centrifugal ball to poke the flame/needle-prick delay detonator 545, and the firing principle is essentially different from the traditional inertia body front-impulse firing principle which basically loses the constraint on the outer trajectory, such as the meijun M739a1 fuze, so that the ballistic safety can be ensured. Similar structural principles and their ballistic safety have been successfully verified on certain 37mm grenade fuzes.

The ball rotor, i.e., the isolation ball 541 component, has triple insurance, namely centrifugal insurance of the ball rotor centrifugal insurance mechanism 53, recoil insurance provided by the recoil insurance/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism 6, and remote ballistic insurance provided by the centrifugal slider remote release insurance mechanism 51 through the crawling ball 52. The triple insurance action principle is different, and the environment for relieving insurance and the action form of force are also different. Wherein the centrifugal safety mechanism 53 and the centrifugal slide block remote relief mechanism 51 are relieved by utilizing a rotating environment, and the recoil safety/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism 6 is relieved by depending on the recoil and the rotating environment. In the assembled state, the ball rotor of the isolation ball component is in a staggered state, the axis of the detonator sleeve 544 in the isolation ball 541 is staggered from the axis of the detonator by 90 degrees, the detonator sleeve 544 enables the flame/needle-prick detonator 545 to be far away from the explosive-leading agent 61, and the detonator is in an explosion-proof state. At this time, even if any sensitive explosive element in the fuse is accidentally ignited and exploded, due to the explosion-proof function of the isolating ball 541, the fuse explosive 61 and the booster 72 cannot be accidentally ignited, and the fuse is always in a safe state. In addition to the triple safety mechanism described above, the support tube 31 supports the driver pin 35 so that it is always in an assembled state to be subjected to a service processing environment and a firing environment.

In the service processing stage and the filling process, the fuze or the fuze is arranged on the projectile and falls on the ground of any medium in various postures and orientations from the height below 1.5m, the generated accidental impact can possibly enable any one set of the ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanism 53, namely the spring quality system of the three sets of safety mechanisms, to be relieved, but the other two sets of the ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanism cannot be relieved at the same time, the ball rotor is still in the assembly state, namely the safety state, and after the falling impact disappears, the set of centrifugal safety mechanism 53 relieved of safety can also be restored to the safety state of the ball rotor. In the same way, the accidental impact generated by falling can cause the ball rotor recoil safety mechanism 6 to be also used for relieving the safety of the spring mass system, namely, the ball rotor is far away from the ball rotor and is not restrained from rotating, but because the mass center of the ball rotor is positioned on the centroid, the ball rotor can not rotate and still be in an assembly state theoretically, and after the falling impact disappears, the recoil safety mechanism for relieving the safety can also be restored to the safety state of the ball rotor. In addition, the design of the resistance of the centrifugal inertia spring 515, the stroke of the centrifugal cylinder 514 and the like, and the extrusion friction of the slide block spring 512 through the safety ball 516 can ensure that the impact generated by the transverse accidental falling can not enable the centrifugal cylinder 514 to withdraw and release the safety ball 516, and the slide block 513 and the crawling ball 52 can not be released, thereby ensuring that the ball rotor is in an explosion-proof state.

Before the shot is shot, whether the action time mode is an instant action mode or a delay action mode needs to be selected through the fuze loading mechanism 4. The prompt mode is when the axis of the radial through hole in the middle of the adjusting bolt 45 coincides with the axis of the fuze, i.e., the fuze, and the delay mode is when the axis of the radial through hole in the middle of the adjusting bolt 45 is perpendicular to the axis of the fuze, i.e., the fuze.

After the shot is shot, the inertia self-destruction striker 67 is restrained by the bracket 65 to move downwards under the action of recoil force, compresses the pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63 and retreats to the bottom of the central hole of the base 64. When the projectile moves to approach the muzzle, the centrifugal ball 66 is partially thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, is attached to the mouth conical surface of the bracket 65 and clamps the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 to prevent the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 from resetting, and then the recoil safety of the isolating ball 541, namely the ball rotor, is released. At this time, the centrifugal cylinder 514 also slides in the direction of the stop plate 517 against the action of the centrifugal inertia spring 515 under the action of centrifugal force, and releases the safety ball 516 when reaching a certain position, but because the projectile rotation speed is still high at this time, the centrifugal force of the slide block 513 is greater than the resistance force of the slide block spring 512, the slide block 513 is still motionless, and the safety of the crawling ball 52 is still not released. At this time, the centrifugal force 531 also compresses the centrifugal spring 532 by the centrifugal force, and moves outward to separate the separation ball 541, thereby releasing the centrifugal safety of the separation ball 541.

After the projectile is discharged from the muzzle, the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 no longer compresses the pre-pressed self-destruction spring 63, but under the action of centrifugal force, the centrifugal ball 66 always compresses the conical surface of the mouth of the bracket 65, and the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 cannot be fired. Because the rotating speed of the projectile is still high, the slide block 5 always compresses the slide block spring 512 outwards to block the crawling ball 52, so that the crawling ball 52 blocks the ball rotor, namely the isolating ball 541 component, and the fuse is still in a safety state.

At the end of the outer trajectory, when the projectile rotation speed drops to a certain threshold, the slider springs 512 push the slider 513 inward against the centrifugal force of the slider 513 to release the crawling ball 52, and the crawling ball 52 enters the square hole on the slider 513 under the action of the crawling force and the rotating and pressing force of the ball rotor to release the ball rotor. The ball rotor, i.e. the isolation ball 541, rotates to a dynamic balance position in a fixed point rotation manner under the action of centrifugal torque, at the moment, the flame/needle-prick delay detonator 545 is aligned, i.e. the axis of the flame/needle-prick delay detonator is approximately overlapped with the axis of a bullet, and then the locking spring 547 pushes the lower end locking cylinder 548 into a central hole at the bottom of the ball seat 549, so that the isolation ball 541 is locked in an aligned state. At the moment, the fuse explosion sequence is conducted, and the fuse is in a state of waiting for ignition. According to the principle of removing the safety by identifying the reduction of the rotating speed of the projectile, the terminal of the trajectory, namely remote safety removal or target base safety removal, is realized, and the purpose of preventing trajectory explosion by 'locking' of a fuse on the outer trajectory is achieved. The self-correcting process of the ball rotor also has the inherent delay safety relief characteristic, the safety relief distance of more than 60m can be realized, and the launching safety is ensured.

When the projectile hits a target, soil of the target or a target area invades the fuse instantaneous trigger mechanism 3 through the fuse head rainproof mechanism 2, the instantaneous firing pin 35 pierces the pin firing cap 33 to fire the pin firing cap and transmits the firing cap to the delay tube 41 for delay setting or directly transmits the firing cap through a fire transmission hole for instantaneous setting, then the power connection tube 8 is ignited, and then the flame/pin firing delay detonators 545 at two ends of the detonator sleeve 544 in the isolation ball 541 and the detonating powder 61 in the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 are sequentially detonated, then the detonating powder 72 is detonated, and finally the main powder of the projectile warhead part is detonated.

When all insurance is normally released but the collision trigger mechanism 3 fails, if the inertial front impact force during collision is large, the inertial self-destruction firing pin 67 directly overcomes the friction force between the centrifugal ball 66 and the conical surface of the bracket 65 and the constraint counter force of the centrifugal ball 66 centrifugal force along the conical surface of the bracket 65, then moves upwards, pierces the flame/needle prick delay detonator 545 to realize delay firing, generates detonation, reversely transfers to the primer 61, then detonates the primer 72, finally detonates the main charge of the projectile, and the detonator realizes the inertial trigger action. If the inertia forward impulse force is not enough to overcome the friction force between the centrifugal ball 66 and the conical surface of the bracket 65 and the restraining counter force of the centrifugal ball 66 centrifugal force along the conical surface of the bracket 65, then the rotating speed will be sharply reduced along with the rapid reduction of the projectile after hitting the target or the target area, the centrifugal force applied to the centrifugal ball 66 will be attenuated along with the rapid reduction of the projectile, until the component force of the friction force between the centrifugal ball 66 and the conical surface of the bracket 65 along the axial direction of the detonator can not overcome the resistance of the pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63, the inertia self-destruction firing pin 67 loses balance, then moves upwards under the push of the pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63, pokes the flame/acupuncture delay detonator 545 to fire and delay the detonation, reversely transmits to the primer 61, then detonators 72 are detonated, and finally the main charge of the projectile is detonated, and the centrifuge self-destruction effect is realized.

If insurance is not properly removed, there are two possible situations. Firstly, the ball rotor fails to start, at the trajectory end, because the rapid attenuation of the projectile rotation speed, the centrifugal insurance, namely the centrifugal cylinder 514 and the inertia self-destruction striker 67 of the recoil insurance/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism can be restored to the assembly state, namely, the fuse restores the insurance, at this moment, if the collision triggering mechanism 3 is normally fired, the preset fire transfer channel can transfer flame to the inside of the ball rotor, the flame/needle prick delay detonator 545 is detonated, and the fuse realizes the fire insulation. Secondly, when the ball rotor is started but cannot rotate to the preset relief alignment position, the inertia self-destruction striker 67 of the recoil safety/inertia triggering/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism still moves upwards under the action of the pre-pressing self-destruction spring 63, the striker point touches the surface of the isolation ball 541 to be damaged, the needle-prick firing function is lost, and the fuse realizes self-failure. At this time, if the trigger mechanism 3 is hit to fire normally, the predetermined fire transfer passage will also transfer the flame into the ball rotor through the movement gap between the ball rotor and the chamber thereof and the radial fire transfer holes on the ball rotor, so that the flame/needle-prick delay detonator 545 is fired and exploded at the non-safety-release position, and the fuse realizes fire insulation.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. a medium and large-caliber rotary artillery shell warhead mechanical trigger fuze that can prevent ballistic explosion, is characterized in that, comprises fuse body (1), rainproof mechanism (2), impact trigger mechanism (3), setting mechanism (4) ), safety and release safety mechanism (5), recoil safety/inertial trigger/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism (6), detonator component (7) and relay pipe (8), the fuse body (1) includes a threaded connection The fuze upper body (11) and the fuze lower body (12) are together, and the rainproof mechanism (2) includes a rainproof barrel (22) and 4 to 8 rainproof rods (21), which are located on the fuze upper body (11) In the top cavity, the rainproof rods (21) are staggered and fixed in the side wall holes of the rainproof cylinder (22) from top to bottom, and the impact trigger mechanism (3) comprises a support cylinder (31), a fire hat seat (32) ), acupuncture flash cap (33), firing needle cover (34) and instant firing needle (35). The top of the flash cap (33) is supported by the support cylinder (31) to ensure that the needle flash cap (33) will not be fired at ordinary times. The firing needle cover (34) is closed and fixed, and the setting mechanism (4) includes an extension tube (41), an adjusting bolt (42), an adjusting nut (43), a sealing ring (44) and an adjusting bolt (45), In addition to a radial through hole in the middle of the adjusting bolt (45), a fire-passing groove is symmetrically arranged on the outer cylindrical surface, and an extension pipe (41) is installed in another radial through-hole set between the symmetrical fire-passing grooves. , the exposed end of the adjusting bolt (45) is provided with a cross groove, and the adjusting bolt (45) is rotated through the cross groove for fixing, and the relay pipe (8) is located between the setting mechanism (4) and the safety and release mechanism (5) In between, the safety and release insurance mechanism (5) includes a centrifugal slider remote release insurance mechanism (51), a crawling ball (52), a ball rotor centrifugal insurance mechanism (53) and a ball rotor explosion-proof and delayed release insurance mechanism. (54), wherein the centrifugal slider remote release safety mechanism (51) includes a cover sheet (511), a slider spring (512), a slider (513), a centrifugal cylinder (514), a centrifugal inertia spring (515), a safety The ball (516), the baffle plate (517) and the screw (518), the cover plate (511) is fixed on the lower fuse body (12) by the screw (518), the slider spring (512), the slider (513), the centrifugal The cylinder (514), the centrifugal inertia spring (515), the safety ball (516), and the blocking plate (517) are fixed in the corresponding grooves on the lower body of the fuse (12). In the two rotationally symmetrical parallel centrifugal cylinder grooves, one end of the centrifugal inertia spring (515) is supported on the blocking plate (517), the other end is supported at the bottom of the hole of the centrifugal cylinder (514), and the slider (513) is embedded with a slider The spring (512) and the safety ball (516) are located in the communication groove between the sliding block groove and the centrifugal cylinder groove, and one side is clamped into the conical groove on the side of the sliding block (513) to limit the movement of the sliding block (513). centrifugal slider remote The lower end of the release safety mechanism (51) is the ball rotor explosion-proof and delayed release safety mechanism (54), including the isolation ball (541), the relay tube seat (542), the relay tube (543), the detonator sleeve (544), the flame/ Acupuncture delay detonator (545), locating pin (546), locking spring (547), locking cylinder (548), ball seat (549), and there is a transmission above the central axis and radial symmetry axis of the detonator sleeve (544). Fire holes, a flame/needle delay detonator (545) is symmetrically installed in the stepped holes at both ends of the detonator sleeve (544), and the fire transmission holes of the radial symmetry axis of the detonator sleeve (544) are also connected to the isolation ball (541). The lower hole of the step in the vertical axis direction is coaxial, and the relay tube seat (542) and relay tube (543) are riveted in the middle of the step hole coaxial with the fire-passing hole of the isolation ball (541), and the detonator sleeve (544) is installed The spacer ball (541) is inserted into the stepped inner hole of the spacer ball (541), and the positioning pin (546) is inserted into the pin hole parallel to the vertical axis of the spacer ball (541) for fixing, so that the spacer ball (541) and the detonator sleeve (544) are on the The fire transmission holes of the detonator sleeve (544) are symmetrically installed at both ends with a locking spring (547) and a locking cylinder (548). 541), the other end is supported at the bottom of the hole of the locking cylinder (548) and abuts it against the lower body of the fuse (12) and the inner wall of the spherical cavity of the ball seat (549), and the locking cylinder (548) is located in the isolation ball ( In the stepped hole of 541), it can freely slide along the radial direction of the isolation ball (541), and three ball rotor centrifugal safety mechanisms (53) are evenly arranged on the ring side above the ball rotor explosion-proof and delayed release safety mechanism (54), including Centrifuge (531), centrifugal spring (532) and centrifugal blocking plate (533), the centrifuge (531) is provided with a blind hole, and is coaxially installed with the centrifugal spring (532) and centrifugal blocking plate (533) on the lower body of the fuse ( 12), the centrifugal baffle (533) is riveted and fixed in the outer stepped hole of the lower body of the fuse (12). One end of the centrifugal spring (532) is against the centrifugal baffle (533), and the other end is supported on the centrifugal 531) The bottom of the blind hole is abutted against the bottom of the arc groove at the top of the isolation ball (541), and the recoil insurance/inertial trigger/centrifugal self-destruction mechanism (6) includes a detonating charge (61), a detonating tube shell (62), preloaded self-destruction spring (63), base (64), bracket (65), centrifugal ball (66) and inertial self-destruction needle (67), the bracket (65) is pressed against the base (64) and the Between the ball seats (549) and coaxial with the base (64), the outer circumference of the inertial self-destruction needle (67) is radially provided with a plurality of blind holes evenly distributed, and a centrifugal ball is placed in each blind hole (66), the cylindrical hole (ring groove) at the bottom of the inertial self-destruction needle (67) is equipped with a preloaded self-destruction spring (63), and under its action, the bottom plane of the isolation ball (541) is pressed tightly, and the preloaded self-destruction The other end of the spring (63) is supported at the bottom of the step hole at the lower end of the base (64), and the preloaded self-destruct spring hole on the inertial self-destruction firing pin (67) The bottom end has a cylindrical protrusion, inside which is equipped with a detonating charge (61) with a detonating tube shell (62), and the detonating tube component (7) includes a detonating tube shell (71), a detonating charge (72) ) and a reinforcing cap (73), the raised part at the top of the reinforcing cap (73) is inserted into the central hole at the bottom of the base (64).

2. a kind of medium and large-caliber rotary artillery projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze capable of preventing ballistic explosion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the slider (513) of described safety and release safety mechanism (5) is along the fuze radial direction There are two square or rectangular through holes, the central through hole is square and smaller, which is the fire passage and the cavity for releasing the crawling ball (52). The position of the center of mass of (513) is on the side of the slider spring (512). The outer side of the slider (513) is also symmetrically provided with a positioning boss to limit its movement range in the slider slot. The safety ball (516) locks the slider (513) in the conical groove of the slider (513). Only under the action of centrifugal force, the centrifugal cylinder (514) compresses the centrifugal inertia spring (515) within a certain range and moves outward to release the safety After the ball (516), the slider (513) can move.

3. the medium and large-caliber rotary artillery shell warhead mechanical trigger fuze that can prevent ballistic explosion according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described centrifugal cylinder (514) is inclined in pairs, and can only make this under the centrifugal environment of launching. A pair of centrifuge tubes (514) are both released.

4. the medium and large-caliber rotating shell warhead mechanical trigger fuze that can prevent ballistic explosion according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described isolation ball (541) is the fire passage design and flame/acupuncture delay inside the ball rotor The inner end of the detonator (543) has a flame input feature, which can ensure the fuze's fire-proof effect.

5. The medium and large caliber rotary artillery projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze capable of preventing ballistic explosion according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described isolation ball (541) is provided with the ball center under the assembled state and is perpendicular to the fuse axis. The transverse through hole is helpful to realize the fire insulation effect when the isolation ball (541), that is, the ball rotor is not turned upright.

6. The medium and large-caliber rotary artillery projectile warhead mechanical trigger fuze that can prevent ballistic explosion according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described extension tube (41) is not divided anyway, and both ends have the same performance, and setting mechanism (4) No limit is required, the structure is simplified, and the use is convenient.