CN114109288B - Pneumatic driving quick coring drilling tool for polar region ice layer - Google Patents
Pneumatic driving quick coring drilling tool for polar region ice layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114109288B CN114109288B CN202111460363.XA CN202111460363A CN114109288B CN 114109288 B CN114109288 B CN 114109288B CN 202111460363 A CN202111460363 A CN 202111460363A CN 114109288 B CN114109288 B CN 114109288B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000203069 Archaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/10—Formed core retaining or severing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/008—Drilling ice or a formation covered by ice
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic driving rapid coring drilling tool for an ice layer of a polar region, which comprises a drilling tool inner pipe, a drilling tool outer pipe, a driving system and a reverse circulation drill bit, wherein the drilling tool inner pipe is inserted into the drilling tool outer pipe, a gas transmission channel is formed between the outer wall of the drilling tool inner pipe and the inner wall of the drilling tool outer pipe, the top of the drilling tool inner pipe is communicated with the coring channel, the top of the drilling tool outer pipe is communicated with a high-pressure gas inlet channel, the high-pressure gas inlet channel is communicated with the gas transmission channel between the drilling tool inner pipe and the drilling tool outer pipe, the driving system is connected to the bottom of the drilling tool outer pipe, the reverse circulation drill bit is assembled at the bottom of the driving system, and high-pressure gas input by the high-pressure gas inlet channel and the gas transmission channel drives the driving system to drive the reverse circulation drill bit to work. The beneficial effects are that: the electric elements such as a motor and a speed reducer are omitted, the structure of the drilling tool is greatly simplified, the labor intensity of drilling personnel is reduced, and the drilling operation is more facilitated in a severe polar environment; the coring efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid coring drilling tool, in particular to a pneumatic driving rapid coring drilling tool for an ice layer of a polar region.
Background
At present, ancient ice layers of millions of years ago are reserved due to the special climatic environment, and rich history, geography and biological information is contained. Through the research of dust and gas in the ice core, the earth climate transition history can be obtained; through the research of microorganisms in the ice core, key information of the archaea and the archaea can be obtained; the age and attitude analysis of the ice core can reverse the earth evolution history. The acquisition of ice core samples using drilling techniques is a common means of studying polar ice layers.
However, the electric core drill is influenced by severe climate and earth surface environment, the drilling difficulty of the polar region is high, the existing armored cable type electric mechanical core drill adopts a motor driving mode to provide power, the rotating speed of the drill bit is controlled by matching with a speed reducer, a water pump is arranged to control the circulation of drilling fluid, meanwhile, power is required to be supplied to the hole, wires are required to be paved in the drill, the structure of the drill is complex, the carrying is inconvenient, the number of vulnerable parts of the drill is large, and faults are easy to occur. Meanwhile, when drilling into the surface ice and snow layer, the drilling fluid is easy to leak, so that the drilling fluid is wasted, the core chip carrying efficiency is reduced, and irreversible pollution is caused to the polar environment. Frequent drill lifting and coring increase the labor intensity of scientific researchers and greatly restrict the development of polar drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve a plurality of problems of the existing electric mechanical core drilling tool in the process of drilling and coring an ice layer of a polar region, and provides a pneumatic driving rapid core drilling tool for the ice layer of the polar region.
The pneumatic driving rapid coring drilling tool for the polar region ice layer comprises a drilling tool inner pipe, a drilling tool outer pipe, a driving system and a reverse circulation drill bit, wherein the drilling tool inner pipe is inserted into the drilling tool outer pipe, an air transmission channel is formed between the outer wall of the drilling tool inner pipe and the inner wall of the drilling tool outer pipe, the top of the drilling tool inner pipe is communicated with the coring channel, the top of the drilling tool outer pipe is communicated with a high-pressure air inlet channel, the high-pressure air inlet channel is communicated with the air transmission channel between the drilling tool inner pipe and the drilling tool outer pipe, the driving system is connected to the bottom of the drilling tool outer pipe, the reverse circulation drill bit is assembled at the bottom of the driving system, and the high-pressure air input by the high-pressure air inlet channel and the air transmission channel drives the driving system to drive the reverse circulation drill bit to work.
The coring channel and the high-pressure air inlet channel are flexible channels and are respectively connected with the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the drilling tool through reducing joints, and the outer wall of the outer pipe of the drilling tool is also provided with a torsion-resisting device.
The driving system comprises an automatic reversing device, a power chamber and a rotary cylinder, wherein the top of a valve shell of the automatic reversing device is connected with the bottom of an outer pipe of the drilling tool, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is fixedly connected with the top of a reverse circulation drill bit, the rotary cylinder can synchronously rotate with the reverse circulation drill bit, the power chamber is assembled between the automatic reversing device and the rotary cylinder, the top of the power chamber is fixedly connected with the bottom of the valve shell of the automatic reversing device, and the bottom of the power chamber is pivoted with the top of the rotary cylinder through a bearing.
The automatic reversing device comprises a valve shell and a valve core, wherein the valve core is inserted in an inner cavity of the valve shell, the valve core is further sleeved on an inner pipe of a drilling tool, the valve core can move up and down under the action of air pressure along the inner pipe of the drilling tool, an air inlet channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell, an air inlet of the air inlet channel is communicated with an air transmission channel between the inner pipe of the drilling tool and an outer pipe of the drilling tool, a lower air outlet channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell on the lower part of the air inlet channel, an upper air outlet channel is further formed in the side wall of the valve shell on the side corresponding to the air inlet channel and the lower air outlet channel, an upper pressure relief channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell on the side corresponding to the upper pressure relief channel, a first spring clamping block is assembled on the upper part of the inner cavity of the valve shell, the shape and the size of the clamping groove are corresponding to those of the first spring clamping block, and the first spring clamping block can fix the valve core through the clamping groove when the valve core moves up along the inner pipe of the drilling tool.
The periphery of the valve core is sleeved with a plurality of steps, the upper surface and the lower surface of each step have area difference, and the valve core can be driven to axially reciprocate along the inner pipe of the drilling tool under the action of gas pressure difference through the steps with the area difference on the upper surface and the lower surface.
The included angle between the air inlet channel and the lower air outlet channel and the upper pressure relief channel and the lower pressure relief channel is 90 degrees.
The power chamber comprises a shell and a piston rod, wherein the piston rod is inserted in an inner cavity of the shell, the piston rod is sleeved on an inner pipe of the drilling tool, the piston rod can move up and down under the action of air pressure along the inner pipe of the drilling tool, the top of the shell is fixedly connected with the bottom of a valve shell on the automatic reversing device, a first air passage is formed in the side wall of the shell, the first air passage is communicated with a lower air discharge passage in the automatic reversing device, a first air vent is formed between the bottom of the first air passage and the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell, a second air vent is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the shell, which corresponds to the first air passage, the first air vent is communicated with a lower cavity of the shell, the second air vent is communicated with an upper cavity of the shell, the second air vent is also communicated with an upper air discharge passage in the automatic reversing device, the side wall of the shell is also provided with a second air passage and a third air passage, the second air passage and the third air passage are respectively communicated with an upper pressure release passage and a lower pressure release passage in the automatic reversing device, and the air outlets of the second air passage and the third air passage are respectively communicated with the inner cavity of a rotary cylinder at the lower part of the power chamber.
The top of the rotary cylinder is pivoted with the bottom of the shell of the power chamber through a bearing, a direct-acting head is also arranged in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder, the direct-acting head is sleeved on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder, the top of the direct-acting head is fixedly connected with the bottom of a piston rod in the power chamber, the direct-acting head and the piston rod in the power chamber synchronously move up and down, an inner cylinder is also arranged in the inner cavity of the direct-acting head, the inner cylinder is also sleeved on the inner pipe of the drilling tool, the top of the inner cylinder is pivoted with the inner pipe of the drilling tool through a bearing, the inner cylinder can rotate around the central axes of the inner pipe and the inner cylinder, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is fixedly connected with the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder and the rotary cylinder can synchronously rotate, spiral grooves with opposite directions are formed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the rotary cylinder, the head end of the spiral groove at the bottom of the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder is provided with a guide conical surface, the head end of the spiral groove at the outer wall of the inner cylinder is also provided with a guide conical surface, the lower part of the direct-acting head is penetrated with a slide bar, the slide bar can move left and right in the direct-acting head, the slide bar can be respectively clamped in the spiral grooves formed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the rotary cylinder, the slide bar at the lower part of the direct-acting head is clamped in the spiral groove on the outer wall of the inner cylinder so as to drive the inner cylinder and the rotary cylinder to synchronously rotate, when the slide bar moves up to the guide conical surface position at the top of the outer wall of the inner cylinder, the slide bar can be pushed into the spiral groove on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder by the guide conical surface so as to ensure that the slide bar is clamped in the spiral groove on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder and the direct-acting head drives the slide bar to move down, when the slide bar moves down, the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder are driven to synchronously rotate, the slide bar moves up or down can drive the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder to rotate in the same direction, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is fixedly connected with the top of the reverse-circulation drill, the reverse-circulation drill bit is driven to synchronously rotate in the rotation process of the rotary cylinder, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is provided with a third air port, the pressure gas in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder can enter the inner cavity of the reverse circulation drill bit at the lower part of the rotary cylinder through the third gas outlet.
The position of the sliding rod arranged in the direct-acting head is provided with a second spring clamping block, and the sliding rod is limited through the second spring clamping block.
The reverse circulation drill bit comprises an upper drill bit body, a lower drill bit body, a built-in pipe, a matching pipe, a cutter head and a shoe pad, wherein the upper drill bit body is assembled at the top of the lower drill bit body, the built-in pipe is inserted into the upper drill bit body, the matching pipe is arranged at the upper part of the built-in pipe, an annular air passage is formed between the bottom of the matching pipe and the top of the built-in pipe, the annular air passage is communicated with the inner pipe of the drilling tool, pressure gas passing through the third air passage can be shunted by the annular air passage and then enters the inner pipe of the drilling tool to generate drainage, the top of the matching pipe is in threaded connection with the bottom of the inner cylinder in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder, the cutter head and the shoe pad are fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower drill bit body, the cutter head is used for cutting ice layers, the shoe pad is used for adjusting the cutting depth of the cutter head, flushing channels are formed in the upper drill bit body and the inner part of the lower drill bit body, the pressure gas passing through the third air passage can enter the hole bottom, ice cores and ice chips at the bottom of the hole bottom are wrapped after the pressure gas entering the hole bottom is cleaned through the flushing channel, and the inner pipe is discharged from the core taking channel.
The above-mentioned anti-torsion device is the equipment of current equipment, therefore, specific model and specification are not repeated.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the pneumatic-driven rapid core drilling tool for the polar ice layer provided by the invention is used for drilling the ice layer, compressed air supplied by the air compressor enters the drilling tool through the high-pressure air inlet channel, reaches the air transmission channel between the inner pipe of the drilling tool and the outer pipe of the drilling tool and enters the automatic reversing device through the air inlet channel, at the moment, the valve core in the inner cavity of the automatic reversing device is at a bottom dead center position under the dead weight action, the lower exhaust channel and the upper pressure relief channel are opened, air reaches the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device, reaches the lower cavity of the power chamber through the lower exhaust channel and the first air channel, and the piston rod in the inner cavity of the power chamber moves upwards under the action of compressed air pressure until the stroke top dead center. In the process, the air in the upper cavity of the power chamber, the upper exhaust channel and the upper cavity of the automatic reversing device is discharged to the annular cavity of the rotary cylinder through the upper pressure relief channel and the second air channel, reaches the drill bit through a third air port at the bottom of the rotary cylinder, and part of compressed air is discharged to the inner cavity of the inner pipe of the drilling tool through the annular air passage of the drill bit to form reverse circulation; another portion of the compressed air reaches the bottom of the borehole via the bit flushing channel, cleaning the bottom of the borehole. When the piston rod moves to the upper dead point of the stroke, the gas in the lower cavity of the power chamber, the lower exhaust channel and the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device starts to be compressed, the gas pressure is rapidly increased, and because the annular area difference exists in the step sleeved by the valve core in the inner cavity of the automatic reversing device, when the valve core is positioned in the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device, the acting direction of the pressure difference force is upward, and therefore, when the gas pressure is increased to a certain value, the valve core is upward. The valve core passes through the critical position by means of inertia, reaches the upper cavity of the automatic reversing device, and reaches the clamping groove to be matched with the first spring clamping block, the valve core is fixed, at the moment, the upper exhaust channel and the lower pressure release channel are opened, gas reaches the upper cavity of the power chamber through the upper exhaust channel, and the piston rod in the power chamber moves downwards under the action of compressed air pressure until the stroke bottom dead center. In the process, compressed air in the lower cavity of the power chamber, the lower exhaust channel and the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device is discharged to the annular cavity of the rotary cylinder through the lower pressure relief channel and the third gas channel, and then reaches the drill bit, washes the bottom of the hole and forms reverse circulation. When the piston rod moves to the stroke bottom dead center, the power chamber upper cavity, the upper exhaust channel and the automatic reversing device upper cavity are compressed, the air pressure rises, when the valve core is positioned in the automatic reversing device upper cavity, the pressure difference force acts downwards, and when the air pressure rises to a preset value, the valve core descends to the bottom dead center, and one reversing period is completed. The piston rod in the power chamber reciprocates axially.
The straight moving head in the rotary cylinder synchronously makes axial reciprocating motion under the drive of the piston rod, when the straight moving head moves downwards, the sliding rod arranged at the lower end of the straight moving head drives the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder to rotate through the positive spiral groove formed in the inner wall of the rotary cylinder, the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder drive the drill bit to synchronously rotate and cut the ice layer, and when the straight moving head moves to the end dead point of the lower stroke, the sliding rod is propped up into the spiral groove on the outer wall of the inner cylinder by the guide conical surface. And then the straight moving head moves upwards, the sliding rod at the lower end of the straight moving head drives the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder to rotate through the reverse spiral groove on the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the spiral directions of the spiral grooves formed on the inner cylinder and the rotary cylinder are opposite, so that the rotation directions of the rotary cylinder in the up-down direction are consistent, the drill bit is driven to continuously cut the ice layer, and when the straight moving head moves to the end dead point of the upper stroke, the sliding rod is pushed into the spiral groove on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder by the guide conical surface, so that one rotation period is completed. By changing the air quantity, the rotating speed of the drill bit can be adjusted to drill ice layers with different hardness.
The generated ice core and ice scraps are returned upwards along the inner cavity of the inner pipe of the drilling tool under the wrapping and clamping action of high-speed airflow, and are transported to the ground surface through the coring channel for collection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional polar region drilling equipment, the pneumatic driving rapid core drilling tool for the polar region ice layer provided by the invention adopts compressed air as power to drive the drill bit to rotate, and the in-hole drilling tool does not need electric driving, so that electric elements such as a motor, a speed reducer and the like are omitted, the structure of the drilling tool is greatly simplified, the labor intensity of drilling personnel is reduced, and the drilling operation is more facilitated in a polar region severe environment; compared with the drilling equipment taking the drilling fluid as the circulating medium, the air is adopted as the circulating medium, so that the device is clean and efficient, convenient to take and use, and the drilling efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the generated ice cores and ice scraps continuously return upwards along with the airflow, so that the time for tripping operation is shortened, and the coring efficiency is improved. When the drill meets harder ice layers, the rotating speed of the drill bit and the reverse circulation effect can be improved by increasing the air quantity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the whole structure of the rapid coring drilling tool according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the automatic reversing device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of section A-A of FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a power chamber according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of section B-B of FIG. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a rotary cylinder according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a straight moving head according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a reverse circulation drill bit according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of linear reciprocation of the power chamber according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the principle of rotation of the rotary cylinder according to the present invention.
The labels in the above figures are as follows:
1. inner pipe 2 of drilling tool, outer pipe 3 of drilling tool, reverse circulation drill bit 4 and gas transmission channel
5. Coring channel 6, high-pressure air inlet channel 7, reducing joint 8 and anti-torsion device
9. Automatic reversing device 10, power chamber 11, rotary cylinder 12, valve housing 13 and valve core
14. Intake passage 15, lower exhaust passage 16, upper exhaust passage 17, upper pressure release passage
18. Lower pressure release channel 19, first spring clamping block 20, clamping groove 21, step 22 and shell
23. Piston rod 25, first gas channel 26, first vent
27. Second ventilation opening 28, second gas channel 29, third gas channel 30, and straight moving head
31. Inner cylinder 32, spiral groove 33, guide cone 34, slide bar 35 and third air vent
36. Second spring fixture block 37, upper bit body 38, lower bit body 39, and inner tube
40. Fitting tube 41, cutter head 42, shoe 43, annular air passage 44, and irrigation channel.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 to 10:
the invention provides a pneumatic driving rapid coring drilling tool for an polar region ice layer, which comprises a drilling tool inner pipe 1, a drilling tool outer pipe 2, a driving system and a reverse circulation drill bit 3, wherein the drilling tool inner pipe 1 is inserted into the drilling tool outer pipe 2, a gas transmission channel 4 is formed between the outer wall of the drilling tool inner pipe 1 and the inner wall of the drilling tool outer pipe 2, the top of the drilling tool inner pipe 1 is communicated with a coring channel 5, the top of the drilling tool outer pipe 2 is communicated with a high-pressure gas inlet channel 6, the high-pressure gas inlet channel 6 is communicated with the gas transmission channel 4 between the drilling tool inner pipe 1 and the drilling tool outer pipe 2, the driving system is connected to the bottom of the drilling tool outer pipe 2, the reverse circulation drill bit 3 is assembled at the bottom of the driving system, and the high-pressure gas input by the high-pressure gas inlet channel 6 and the gas transmission channel 4 drives the reverse circulation drill bit 3 to work.
The coring channel 5 and the high-pressure air inlet channel 6 are flexible channels, the coring channel 5 and the high-pressure air inlet channel 6 are respectively connected with the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool and the outer pipe 2 of the drilling tool through reducing joints 7, and the outer wall of the outer pipe 2 of the drilling tool is also provided with a torsion-resisting device 8.
The driving system comprises an automatic reversing device 9, a power chamber 10 and a rotary cylinder 11, wherein the top of a valve shell 12 of the automatic reversing device 9 is connected with the bottom of a drilling tool outer tube 2, the bottom of the rotary cylinder 11 is fixedly connected with the top of a reverse circulation drill bit 3, the rotary cylinder 11 can synchronously rotate with the reverse circulation drill bit 3, the power chamber 10 is assembled between the automatic reversing device 9 and the rotary cylinder 11, the top of the power chamber 10 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the valve shell 12 of the automatic reversing device 9, and the bottom of the power chamber 10 is pivoted with the top of the rotary cylinder 11 through a bearing.
The automatic reversing device 9 comprises a valve shell 12 and a valve core 13, wherein the valve core 13 is inserted into an inner cavity of the valve shell 12, the valve core 13 is further sleeved on the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool, the valve core 13 can move up and down under the action of air pressure along the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool, an air inlet channel 14 is formed in the side wall of the valve shell 12, an air inlet of the air inlet channel 14 is communicated with an air transmission channel 4 between the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool and an outer pipe 2 of the drilling tool, a lower air outlet channel 15 is formed in the side wall of the valve shell 12 at the lower part of the air inlet channel 14, an upper air outlet channel 16 is formed in the side wall of the valve shell 12 at the side corresponding to the air inlet channel 14 and the lower air outlet channel 15, an upper pressure relief channel 17 is formed in the side wall of the valve shell 15 according to an included angle set between the air inlet channel 14 and the lower air outlet channel 15, a lower pressure relief channel 18 is formed in the side wall of the valve shell 12 at the side corresponding to the upper pressure relief channel 17, a first spring clamping block 19 is assembled at the upper part of the inner cavity of the valve shell 12, the upper part of the valve core 14 is provided with a clamping groove 20, the shape and the size of the clamping groove 20 corresponds to the shape and the size of the first spring clamping block 19, and when the valve core 13 moves up along the inner pipe 1, the first spring clamping block 19 can be fixed by the clamping groove 19.
The periphery of the valve core 13 is sleeved with a plurality of steps 21, the upper surface and the lower surface of each step 21 have area difference, and the valve core 13 can be driven to reciprocate along the axial direction of the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool under the action of gas pressure difference through the steps 21 with the area difference on the upper surface and the lower surface.
The angles between the intake passage 14 and the lower exhaust passage 15 and the upper pressure relief passage 17 and the lower pressure relief passage 18 are set to 90 °.
The power chamber 10 comprises a shell 22 and a piston rod 23, wherein the piston rod 23 is inserted in an inner cavity of the shell 22, the piston rod 23 is sleeved on the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool, the piston rod 23 can move up and down under the action of air pressure along the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool, the top of the shell 22 is fixedly connected with the bottom of a valve shell 12 on the automatic reversing device 9, a first air channel 25 is formed in the side wall of the shell 22, the first air channel 25 is communicated with a lower air channel 15 in the automatic reversing device 9, a first air vent 26 is formed between the bottom of the first air channel 25 and the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell 22, a second air vent 27 is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the shell 22 corresponding to the first air channel 25, the first air vent 26 is communicated with the lower cavity of the shell 22, the second air vent 27 is communicated with the upper cavity of the shell 22, the second air vent 27 is also communicated with an upper air channel 16 in the automatic reversing device 9, a second air channel 28 and a third air channel 29 are further formed in the side wall of the shell 22, the second air channel 28 and the third air channel 29 are respectively communicated with the upper air channel 17 and the lower air channel 18 in the automatic reversing device 9, and the second air channel 29 are communicated with the lower air vent 10 and the lower air channel 11.
The top of the rotary cylinder 11 is pivoted with the bottom of the shell 22 of the power chamber 10 through a bearing, a direct-acting head 30 is also arranged in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder 11, the direct-acting head 30 is sleeved on the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool, the top end of the direct-acting head 30 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the piston rod 23 in the power chamber 10, the direct-acting head 30 and the piston rod 23 in the power chamber 10 synchronously move up and down, an inner cylinder 31 is also arranged in the inner cavity of the direct-acting head 30, the inner cylinder 31 is sleeved on the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool, the top of the inner cylinder 31 is pivoted with the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool through a bearing, the inner cylinder 31 can rotate around the central axes of the inner pipe 1 and the inner cylinder 31, the bottom of the rotary cylinder 11 is fixedly connected with the inner cylinder 31, the inner cylinder 31 and the rotary cylinder 11 can synchronously rotate, a spiral groove 32 with the opposite direction is formed on the outer wall of the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 11, the head end of the spiral groove 32 at the bottom of the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder 11 is provided with a guide conical surface 33, a guide conical surface 33 is also arranged at the head end of the spiral groove 32 at the top of the outer wall of the inner cylinder 31, a slide bar 34 is penetrated at the lower part of the straight moving head 30, the slide bar 34 can move left and right in the straight moving head 30, the slide bar 34 can be respectively clamped in the spiral groove 32 arranged on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 31 and the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 11, the slide bar 34 at the lower part of the straight moving head 30 is clamped in the spiral groove 32 on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 31 so as to drive the inner cylinder 31 and the rotary cylinder 11 to synchronously rotate, when the slide bar 34 moves up to the guide conical surface 33 at the top of the outer wall of the inner cylinder 31, the slide bar 34 is pushed into the spiral groove 32 on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 11 by the guide conical surface 33, so that the slide bar 34 is clamped in the spiral groove 32 on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 11 and the straight moving head 30 drives the slide bar 34 to move downwards, and the rotary cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 31 are synchronously rotated when the slide bar 34 moves downwards, the sliding rod 34 can drive the rotary cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 31 to rotate in the same direction in an ascending or descending mode, the bottom of the rotary cylinder 11 is fixedly connected with the top of the reverse circulation drill bit 3, the reverse circulation drill bit 3 can be driven to synchronously rotate in the rotating process of the rotary cylinder 11, the bottom of the rotary cylinder 11 is provided with a third air port 35, and pressure air in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder 11 can enter the inner cavity of the reverse circulation drill bit 3 at the lower part of the rotary cylinder 11 through the third air port 35.
A second spring clamping block 36 is assembled at the position where the slide rod 34 is arranged in the linear motion head 30, and the slide rod 34 is limited by the second spring clamping block 36.
The reverse circulation drill 3 comprises an upper drill body 37, a lower drill body 38, an inner tube 39, a matching tube 40, a cutter head 41 and a shoe pad 42, wherein the upper drill body 37 is assembled at the top of the lower drill body 38, the inner tube 39 is inserted into the upper drill body 37, the matching tube 40 is arranged at the upper part of the inner tube 39, an annular air passage 43 is formed between the bottom of the matching tube 40 and the top of the inner tube 39, the annular air passage 43 is communicated with the inner tube 1 of the drilling tool, pressure gas passing through the third air passage 35 can be shunted by the annular air passage 43 and then enters the inner tube 1 of the drilling tool to generate drainage, the top of the matching tube 40 is in threaded connection with the bottom of the inner tube 31 in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder 11, the cutter head 41 and the shoe pad 42 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower drill body 38, the cutter head 41 is used for cutting ice layers, the shoe pad 42 is used for adjusting the cutting depth of the cutter head 41, a flushing channel 44 is arranged inside the upper drill body 37 and the lower drill body 38, the pressure gas passing through the third passage 35 can enter the hole bottom through the flushing channel 44, the pressure gas entering the hole bottom, the inner tube 1 is cleaned by the pressure gas entering the hole bottom through the flushing channel 44, and the ice core wrapped at the hole bottom and the hole bottom is discharged from the hole bottom through the ice core 1.
The above-mentioned anti-twisting device 8 is an assembly of the existing equipment, and therefore, specific models and specifications are not described in detail.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the pneumatic-driven rapid core drilling tool for the polar ice layer provided by the invention is used for drilling the ice layer, compressed air supplied by an air compressor enters the drilling tool through the high-pressure air inlet channel 6, reaches the air transmission channel 4 between the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool and the outer pipe 2 of the drilling tool and enters the automatic reversing device 9 through the air inlet channel 14, at the moment, the valve core 13 in the inner cavity of the automatic reversing device 9 is at a bottom dead center position under the dead weight action, the lower exhaust channel 15 and the upper pressure release channel 17 are opened, the air reaches the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device 9, reaches the lower cavity of the power chamber 10 through the lower exhaust channel 15 and the first air channel 25, and the piston rod 23 in the inner cavity of the power chamber 10 moves upwards under the action of the pressure of the compressed air until the stroke reaches the top dead center. In the process, the air in the upper cavity of the power chamber 10, the upper exhaust channel 16 and the upper cavity of the automatic reversing device 9 is discharged to the annular cavity of the rotary cylinder 11 through the upper pressure release channel 17 and the second air channel 28, reaches the drill bit through the third air port 35 at the bottom of the rotary cylinder 11, and part of compressed air is discharged to the inner cavity of the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool through the drill bit annular air channel 43 to form reverse circulation; another portion of the compressed air reaches the bottom of the borehole via the bit flushing channel 44, cleaning the bottom of the borehole. When the piston rod 23 moves to the stroke top dead center, the gas in the lower cavity of the power chamber 10, the lower exhaust channel 15 and the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device 9 starts to be compressed, the gas pressure is rapidly increased, and because the annular area difference exists in the step 21 sleeved by the valve core 13 in the inner cavity of the automatic reversing device 9, when the valve core 13 is positioned in the lower cavity of the automatic reversing device 9, the pressure difference force acts upwards, and therefore, when the gas pressure is increased to a certain value, the valve core 13 ascends. The valve core 13 passes through the critical position by inertia, reaches the upper cavity of the automatic reversing device 9, the first spring clamping block 19 reaches the clamping groove 20 to be matched with the position, the valve core 13 is fixed, at the moment, the upper exhaust channel 16 and the lower pressure release channel 18 are opened, gas reaches the upper cavity of the power chamber 10 through the upper exhaust channel 16, and the piston rod 23 in the power chamber 10 moves downwards under the action of compressed air pressure until the stroke bottom dead center. In this process, the compressed air in the lower chamber of the power chamber 10, the lower exhaust passage 15 and the lower chamber of the automatic reversing device 9 is discharged to the annular chamber of the rotary cylinder 11 through the lower pressure relief passage 18 and the third gas passage 29, and thereafter reaches the drill bit, washes the hole bottom and forms a reverse circulation. When the piston rod 23 moves to the stroke bottom dead center, the upper cavity of the power chamber 10, the upper exhaust channel 16 and the upper cavity of the automatic reversing device 9 are compressed, the air pressure is increased, when the valve core 13 is positioned in the upper cavity of the automatic reversing device 9, the pressure difference force acts downwards, and therefore, when the air pressure is increased to a preset value, the valve core 13 descends to the bottom dead center, and one reversing period is completed. Thus reciprocating, the piston rod 23 within the power chamber 10 reciprocates axially.
The straight moving head 30 in the rotary cylinder 11 synchronously axially reciprocates under the drive of the piston rod 23, when the straight moving head 30 descends, the sliding rod 34 arranged at the lower end of the straight moving head 30 drives the rotary cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 31 to rotate through the positive spiral groove 32 formed in the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 11, the rotary cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 31 drive the drill bit to synchronously rotate to cut the ice layer, and when the straight moving head 30 moves to the end dead point of the lower stroke, the sliding rod 34 is propped against the spiral groove 32 on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 31 by the guide conical surface 33. Then the straight moving head 30 moves upwards, the sliding rod 34 at the lower end of the straight moving head 30 drives the rotary cylinder 11 and the inner cylinder 31 to rotate through the reverse spiral groove 32 on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 31, and the spiral directions of the spiral grooves 32 formed on the inner cylinder 31 and the rotary cylinder 11 are opposite, so that the rotation directions of the rotary cylinder 11 are consistent when the rotary cylinder 11 moves upwards and downwards, the drill bit is driven to continuously cut the ice layer, and when the straight moving head 30 moves to the end dead point of the upper stroke, the sliding rod 34 is propped into the spiral groove 32 on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder 11 by the guide conical surface 33, and one rotation period is completed. By changing the air quantity, the rotating speed of the drill bit can be adjusted to drill ice layers with different hardness.
The generated ice core and ice scraps are returned upwards along the inner cavity of the inner pipe 1 of the drilling tool under the wrapping and clamping action of high-speed air flow, and are transported to the ground surface through the coring channel 5 for collection.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a pneumatic drive drilling tool of coring fast for polar region ice layer, including the drilling tool inner tube, the drilling tool outer tube, actuating system and reverse circulation drill bit, wherein the drilling tool inner tube is inserted and is established in the drilling tool outer tube, be formed with the gas transmission passageway between the outer wall of drilling tool inner tube and the inner wall of drilling tool outer tube, the top intercommunication of drilling tool inner tube has the passageway of coring, the top intercommunication of drilling tool outer tube has high-pressure air inlet channel, the gas transmission passageway between high-pressure air inlet channel and drilling tool inner tube and the drilling tool outer tube is linked together, actuating system connects the bottom at the drilling tool outer tube, reverse circulation drill bit assembles in actuating system's bottom, the high-pressure air of high-pressure air inlet channel and gas transmission passageway input drives actuating system and drives reverse circulation drill bit and work, its characterized in that: the driving system comprises an automatic reversing device, a power chamber and a rotary cylinder, wherein the top of a valve shell of the automatic reversing device is connected with the bottom of an outer pipe of the drilling tool, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is fixedly connected with the top of a reverse circulation drill bit, the rotary cylinder can synchronously rotate with the reverse circulation drill bit, the power chamber is assembled between the automatic reversing device and the rotary cylinder, the top of the power chamber is fixedly connected with the bottom of the valve shell of the automatic reversing device, and the bottom of the power chamber is pivoted with the top of the rotary cylinder through a bearing; the automatic reversing device comprises a valve shell and a valve core, wherein the valve core is inserted into an inner cavity of the valve shell, the valve core is sleeved on an inner pipe of a drilling tool, the valve core can move up and down under the action of air pressure along the inner pipe of the drilling tool, an air inlet channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell, an air inlet of the air inlet channel is communicated with an air transmission channel between the inner pipe of the drilling tool and an outer pipe of the drilling tool, a lower air outlet channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell at the lower part of the air inlet channel, an upper air outlet channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell at the side corresponding to the air inlet channel and the lower air outlet channel, an upper pressure relief channel is formed in the side wall of the valve shell at the side corresponding to the upper pressure relief channel, a first spring clamping block is assembled at the upper part of the inner cavity of the valve shell, a clamping groove is formed in the upper part of the valve core, and the shape and the size of the clamping groove correspond to the shape and the size of the first spring clamping block, and when the valve core moves up along the inner pipe of the drilling tool, the first spring clamping block can fix the valve core through the clamping groove; the periphery of the valve core is sleeved with a plurality of steps, the upper surface and the lower surface of each step have area difference, and the valve core can be driven to axially reciprocate along the inner pipe of the drilling tool under the action of gas pressure difference through the steps with the area difference on the upper surface and the lower surface.
2. The pneumatically driven rapid coring drilling tool for polar ice layers of claim 1, wherein: the core taking channel and the high-pressure air inlet channel are flexible channels and are respectively connected with the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the drilling tool through reducing joints, and the outer wall of the outer pipe of the drilling tool is also provided with a torsion-resisting device.
3. The pneumatically driven rapid coring drilling tool for polar ice layers of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the air inlet channel and the lower air outlet channel and the upper pressure relief channel and the lower pressure relief channel is 90 degrees.
4. The pneumatically driven rapid coring drilling tool for polar ice layers of claim 1, wherein: the power chamber comprises a shell and a piston rod, wherein the piston rod is inserted in an inner cavity of the shell, the piston rod is sleeved on an inner pipe of the drilling tool, the piston rod can move up and down under the action of air pressure along the inner pipe of the drilling tool, the top of the shell is fixedly connected with the bottom of a valve shell on the automatic reversing device, a first air channel is formed in the side wall of the shell, the first air channel is communicated with a lower air discharging channel in the automatic reversing device, a first air vent is formed between the bottom of the first air channel and the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell, a second air vent is formed in the upper part of the side wall of the shell corresponding to the first air channel, the first air vent is communicated with a lower cavity of the shell, the second air vent is communicated with an upper cavity of the shell, the second air vent is also communicated with an upper air discharging channel in the automatic reversing device, the side wall of the shell is also provided with a second air channel and a third air channel, and the air outlets of the second air channel and the third air channel are respectively communicated with an upper pressure discharging channel and a lower pressure discharging channel in the automatic reversing device, and the air outlets of the second air channel and the third air channel are communicated with a rotary inner cavity at the lower part of the power chamber.
5. The pneumatically driven rapid coring drilling tool for polar ice layers of claim 1, wherein: the top of the rotary cylinder is pivoted with the bottom of the shell of the power chamber through a bearing, a direct acting head is also arranged in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder, the direct acting head is sleeved on the inner pipe of the drilling tool, the top of the direct acting head is fixedly connected with the bottom of a piston rod in the power chamber, the direct acting head and the piston rod in the power chamber synchronously move up and down, an inner cylinder is also arranged in the inner cavity of the direct acting head, the inner cylinder is also sleeved on the inner pipe of the drilling tool, the top of the inner cylinder is pivoted with the inner pipe of the drilling tool through a bearing, the inner cylinder can rotate around the central axes of the inner pipe of the drilling tool and the inner cylinder, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is fixedly connected with the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder and the rotary cylinder can synchronously rotate, spiral grooves with opposite directions are formed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the rotary cylinder, the head end of the spiral groove at the bottom of the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder is provided with a guide conical surface, the head end of the spiral groove at the top of the inner cylinder is also provided with a guide conical surface, the lower part of the direct acting head is penetrated with a slide bar, the slide bar can move left and right in the direct-acting head, the slide bar can be respectively clamped in the spiral grooves formed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the rotary cylinder, the slide bar at the lower part of the direct-acting head is clamped in the spiral groove on the outer wall of the inner cylinder so as to drive the inner cylinder and the rotary cylinder to synchronously rotate, when the slide bar moves up to the guide conical surface position at the top of the outer wall of the inner cylinder, the slide bar can be pushed into the spiral groove on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder by the guide conical surface so as to ensure that the slide bar is clamped in the spiral groove on the inner wall of the rotary cylinder and the direct-acting head drives the slide bar to move down, when the slide bar moves down, the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder are driven to synchronously rotate, the slide bar moves up or down can drive the rotary cylinder and the inner cylinder to rotate in the same direction, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is fixedly connected with the top of the reverse-circulation drill, the reverse-circulation drill bit is driven to synchronously rotate in the rotation process of the rotary cylinder, the bottom of the rotary cylinder is provided with a third air port, the pressure gas in the inner cavity of the rotary cylinder can enter the inner cavity of the reverse circulation drill bit at the lower part of the rotary cylinder through the third gas outlet.
6. The pneumatically driven rapid coring drilling tool for polar ice layers of claim 5, wherein: the position of the sliding rod in the direct-acting head is provided with a second spring clamping block, and the sliding rod is limited through the second spring clamping block.
7. A pneumatically driven rapid coring drilling tool for polar ice layers as defined in claim 1 or 5, wherein: the reverse circulation drill bit comprises an upper drill bit body, a lower drill bit body, a built-in pipe, a matching pipe, a cutter head and a shoe pad, wherein the upper drill bit body is assembled at the top of the lower drill bit body, the built-in pipe is inserted into the upper drill bit body, the matching pipe is arranged at the upper part of the built-in pipe, an annular air passage is formed between the bottom of the matching pipe and the top of the built-in pipe, the annular air passage is communicated with an inner pipe of the drilling tool, pressure gas passing through the third air passage can be shunted by the annular air passage and then enters the inner pipe of the drilling tool to generate drainage, the top of the matching pipe is in threaded connection with the bottom of an inner cylinder in an inner cavity of a rotary cylinder, the cutter head and the shoe pad are fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower drill bit body, the cutter head is used for cutting ice layers, the shoe pad is used for adjusting the cutting depth of the cutter head, flushing channels are formed in the upper drill bit body and the inner part of the lower drill bit body, the pressure gas passing through the third air passage can enter the hole bottom, ice cores and ice chips and the ice chips enter the inner pipe of the drilling tool through the flushing channel after the hole bottom are wrapped by the pressure gas entering the hole bottom.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111460363.XA CN114109288B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Pneumatic driving quick coring drilling tool for polar region ice layer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111460363.XA CN114109288B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | Pneumatic driving quick coring drilling tool for polar region ice layer |
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| CN114109288B true CN114109288B (en) | 2023-08-22 |
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| US4084647A (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1978-04-18 | William Lister | Pneumatic percussion hammer |
| CN103397847A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-20 | 吉林大学 | Rapid ice layer air drilling reverse-circulation continuous coring drill bit |
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| CN211201821U (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-08-07 | 吉林大学 | Percussion rotary drilling core drill for complex bedrock under ice |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4084647A (en) * | 1976-07-01 | 1978-04-18 | William Lister | Pneumatic percussion hammer |
| CN103397847A (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-11-20 | 吉林大学 | Rapid ice layer air drilling reverse-circulation continuous coring drill bit |
| CN105350917A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-02-24 | 吉林大学 | Spiral flow strong suction type reverse circulation coring drill bit |
| CN108868595A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of ice layer of polar region Air Reverse Circulation fast drilling system |
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