CN114107404A - Integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method - Google Patents

Integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method Download PDF

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CN114107404A
CN114107404A CN202010902861.4A CN202010902861A CN114107404A CN 114107404 A CN114107404 A CN 114107404A CN 202010902861 A CN202010902861 A CN 202010902861A CN 114107404 A CN114107404 A CN 114107404A
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methane
biogas
alkane conversion
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郭荣波
杨智满
杨豪杰
许晓晖
罗生军
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Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biological energy, in particular to an integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method. An in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit is arranged in the gas space above the fermentation liquid level in the methane fermentation tank, and the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unitThe methane flora with the hydrogen alkane conversion function is filled inside and fixed on the surface of a microbial biological carrier of the porous material in the form of a biomembrane, so that the CO in the methane can be realized by the methane in the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit2And exogenous hydrogen to convert methane in situ in real time. Compared with the methane in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method for directly introducing hydrogen into anaerobic fermentation liquid, the method solves the technical problem of low conversion efficiency caused by low hydrogen gas-liquid-solid mass transfer rate in the original in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method, greatly improves the mass transfer efficiency of the hydrogen, improves the hydrogen alkane conversion efficiency by more than 40 percent, and has good economic benefit because additional hydrogen alkane conversion facility investment is hardly needed compared with an ex-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method independent of an anaerobic fermentation reactor.

Description

Integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological energy, in particular to an integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method.
Background
The marsh gas is obtained by converting organic matters into CO through anaerobic microorganisms2(content 50% -70%) as inert gas present in the biogas, will reduce the calorific value of the biogas. Therefore, CO in biogas2And the gas can be merged into a natural gas pipe network after being removed. The traditional biogas purification technology only uses CO in the biogas2After being removed, the waste gas is directly discharged into the atmosphere, thereby causing serious waste of resources. Hydrogen generated by electrolyzing water by utilizing renewable electric power waste resources is utilized to remove CO in methane under the action of microorganisms2Conversion to methane with achievement of electricity rejection and CO2The double advantages of fuel gasification are thus the hot spot field of biogas purification today.
Patents CN108265081A, CN 205152232U, CN 204589159U, etc. all propose the conversion of CO from hydrogen production to microbial conversion2Is a whole set of process flow of methane. However, all of these patents are directed to the conversion of the iso-hydro-alkanes, i.e., hydrogen and CO in biogas2Respectively, are converted into methane in a hydro-alkane conversion bioreactor independent of a biogas fermentation tank. The technology needs an additional independent bioreactor for the hydrogen-methane conversion process besides the methane fermentation tank, thereby increasing the facility investment cost. Therefore, in-situ bio-hydro-alkane conversion technology with low cost, simple operation and easy integration with biogas engineering is the focus of attention. Patents CN103113010A, CN103958688A disclose a method for in situ methane hydro-alkane conversion. In the adoption ofThe hollow fiber membrane is placed in biogas fermentation liquor for hydrogen supply so as to utilize microorganisms in a biogas fermentation system to carry out biological hydrogen alkane conversion, but the hollow fiber membrane has the problems of high cost, easy blockage in the operation process and the like, and the technical problem of low in-situ conversion efficiency caused by low hydrogen liquid-solid mass transfer rate cannot be effectively solved.
Therefore, in combination with the above problems, the present invention develops an integrated separated microorganism fixed bed in-situ HYTHANE conversion device and method, which can realize the rapid reaction of exogenously introduced hydrogen and CO2The reaction generates methane, and the technical problem of low conversion efficiency of the traditional in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method comprises the following steps: an in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit is arranged in a gaseous space above a fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, and methane flora with hydrogen alkane conversion function is filled in the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit and fixed on the surface of a microbial biological carrier of a porous material in a form of a biological membrane, so that CO in the biogas can be realized by the biogas in the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit2And exogenous hydrogen to convert methane in situ in real time. The concentration of methane in the outlet gas can be increased to more than 99%. The hydrogen-alkane conversion efficiency is improved by more than 40 percent compared with the conventional methane in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion mode.
The biogas fermentation tank is characterized in that a reticular material is arranged in a gaseous space above the liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, the interior of the biogas fermentation tank is divided into an upper part and a lower part through the reticular material, the upper part is an in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion unit, the lower part is a biogas production unit (2), hydrogen is introduced from the biogas production unit (2) at the lower part, and the hydrogen introduction position is located in the gaseous space between the reticular material and the fermentation liquid level.
Furthermore, hydrogen generated by the waste electrolysis of water is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen is compressed and injected into the upper gaseous space in the biogas fermentation tank, and a biogas production unit (2) in the biogas fermentation tank produces the hydrogenThe generated marsh gas rises and diffuses into the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit (1), and the hydrogen and CO are mixed under the action of methane flora2Converting into methane; the upper gaseous space of the biogas fermentation tank is provided with CO2And a detection sensor (4) for determining the amount of hydrogen gas injected.
CO in the biogas2And when exogenous hydrogen is used for converting methane in situ in real time, the activity of methane flora in the hydrogen methane conversion unit is reduced due to lack of nutrition, biogas slurry generated by the biogas production unit (2) in the biogas fermentation tank is discharged from the bottom of the biogas fermentation tank, and the biogas slurry is periodically injected into the surface of the biomembrane through an inlet formed in the in-situ hydrogen methane conversion unit of the biogas fermentation tank under the action of a biogas slurry circulating device (3) to maintain the life activity and hydrogen methane conversion activity of the methane flora.
The hydrogen-alkane conversion unit is positioned in a gaseous space above the fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, and the side wall of the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit is made of compact stainless steel or carbon steel material and is tightly connected with the wall of the biogas fermentation tank; the top and bottom of the gas-permeable porous stainless steel or carbon steel net (with the aperture of 5-20 meshes) are made of a material which is convenient for gas to enter and exit.
The mesh material is a porous stainless steel or carbon steel mesh (aperture is 5-20 meshes) material, is fixed in the gaseous space inside the biogas fermentation tank and is used for supporting a microbial biological carrier of the porous material loaded with methane flora.
The microbial biological carrier of the porous material is a porous material carrier with the grain diameter of 10-50 meshes, and active functional groups are introduced in a grafting modification mode, so that the adhesive force to microorganisms is increased.
The methane flora consists of hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and acetic acid cracking methane bacteria, and the two flora jointly complete hydrogen and CO2The acetic acid micromolecule organic acid is converted into methane; wherein the hydrogenotrophic methanobacteria are Methanobacterium, Methanobacter, Methanoregulus and Methanospirlum; the methanogens acetolytica consist of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina.
Mixing the two strains of the hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and the acetic acid cracking methane bacteria in equal mass proportion; mixing the strains of Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula and Methanospirlum in equal mass proportion; the strains of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina are mixed according to equal mass proportion.
Mixing the microbial biological carrier, the flora concentrated solution and the culture medium of the porous material, and controlling hydrogen and CO2The culture is carried out for 4-7 days at 35 ℃ under the condition that the introducing ratio is 4:1(v/v), the film forming process of the methane flora on the surface of the porous material is completed, the methane flora with the hydrogen alkane conversion function is obtained, the microbial biological carrier with the hydrogen alkane conversion function is fixed on the porous material in the form of a biological film, and the porous material-methane flora biological film complex is transferred into a hydrogen alkane conversion unit.
The flora concentrated solution is prepared by inoculating freeze-dried compound bacterial agent (strain mixed according to the proportion) into the culture medium, activating (culture temperature is 35 ℃), inoculating primary culture into a fermentation tank (1L), and culturing at 37 ℃ for 36-72 hours under the condition that the proportion of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is 4:1 (v/v). When OD600 reaches about 0.5, the compound bacteria culture solution is centrifuged and concentrated for later use.
The culture medium (pH 6.5-7.5) comprises, by mass, 1-2% of calcium carbonate, 1-3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2% of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2% of ammonium chloride, 1-3% of yeast powder and the balance of water. Sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
The marsh gas is generated by one or more of raw material straws, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and organic wastewater in the marsh gas production unit (2), and the generated marsh gas CO is2The concentration is generally in the range of 50-70%; according to CO2CO in methane monitored by detection sensor (4) in real time2The real-time hydrogen supply amount is determined through computer control feedback.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the integrated separated microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion device, the in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion unit is arranged in the gaseous space above the fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, so that the integration of biogas generation and hydrogen-alkane conversion is synchronously realized, and the problems of high facility investment cost and the like in ex-situ biogas hydrogen-alkane conversion are solved.
2. The invention adopts the methane flora biomembrane-graft modificationThe porous material composite system is a main hydrogen-alkane conversion unit which can improve hydrogen and CO2Affinity of the molecule. Methane flora fixed on the surface of the porous material can rapidly react with hydrogen and CO2Is converted into methane. The method solves the technical problem of low in-situ conversion efficiency caused by low hydrogen partial pressure and low hydrogen gas liquid-solid mass transfer rate in the traditional methane in-situ purification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (1) a hydroalkane conversion unit; (2) a biogas production unit; (3) a biogas slurry circulating device; (4) CO22And a sensing control system.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the methane flora biofilm-biochar complex in the device according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention builds an in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion unit in a gaseous space above the fermentation liquid level in a biogas fermentation tank. The interior of the device is composed of a porous material (such as biochar, ceramsite and the like) which is subjected to surface grafting modification and methane flora. The methane flora is fixed on the surface of the porous material in the form of a biological membrane, and CO in the methane is generated in real time in the methane production unit2Further converted to methane. The methane concentration in the marsh gas can be increased to more than 99 percent. The hydrogen-alkane conversion efficiency is improved by more than 40 percent compared with the conventional methane in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion mode.
Further, the following steps are carried out:
(1) process flow
Hydrogen generated by the abandoned electric electrolysis water is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen is compressed and injected into the upper gaseous space in the biogas fermentation tank. The biogas generated by the biogas production unit (2) in the biogas fermentation tank rises and diffuses into the hydrogen-methane conversion unit (1), and the hydrogen and CO2 are converted into methane under the action of methane flora. A CO2 detection sensor is arranged in the upper gaseous space of the biogas fermentation tank, and the injection amount of the hydrogen is determined through computer control feedback. In order to prevent the methane flora in the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit from activity reduction caused by nutrition deficiency, biogas slurry is periodically sprayed under the action of the biogas slurry circulating device (3) to maintain the life activity and hydrogen-alkane conversion activity of the methane flora.
(2) HYTHANE CONVERSION UNIT (1)
Is positioned in the gaseous space above the fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank. The side wall of the biogas digester is made of compact stainless steel or carbon steel material and is tightly connected with the wall of the biogas digester. The top and the bottom of the gas-permeable cover are made of porous stainless steel or carbon steel mesh (with the aperture of 5-20 meshes) materials, so that gas can enter and exit conveniently.
(3) Porous material and microbial film
Porous material carriers (with the grain diameter of 10-50 meshes) such as biochar, ceramsite and the like are grafted and modified by acrylic acid, fulvic acid and the like to introduce active functional groups, so that the adhesive force of the material to microorganisms is increased.
The methane flora mainly comprises hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and acetic acid cracking methane bacteria. Wherein the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium comprises Methanobacterium, Methanobacter, Methanoregulus and Methanospirlum; the methanogens acetolytica consist of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina. The two cooperate to complete hydrogen and CO2And small molecular organic acids such as acetic acid are converted into methane.
Mixing the two strains of the hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and the acetic acid cracking methane bacteria in equal mass proportion; mixing the strains of Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula and Methanospirlum in equal mass proportion; the strains of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina are mixed according to equal mass proportion.
Adding the grafted and modified porous materials such as biochar, ceramsite and the like and the flora concentrated solution into a culture reactor (1-10L), and then adding a culture medium. In the control of hydrogen and CO2Culturing for 4-7 days at 35 ℃ under the condition that the introduction ratio is 4:1, and finishing the film forming process of the methane flora on the surface of the porous material. Transferring the porous material-methane flora biomembrane complex into a hydrogen alkane conversion unit.
Wherein, the porous materials such as the biological carbon, the ceramsite and the like and the flora concentrated solution which are subjected to grafting modification respectively account for 10-30% of the mass of the culture medium.
The culture medium (pH 6.5-7.5) comprises, by mass, 1-2% of calcium carbonate, 1-3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2% of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2% of ammonium chloride, 1-3% of yeast powder and the balance of water. Sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30 min.
The flora concentrated solution is prepared by inoculating freeze-dried compound bacterial agent (strain mixed according to the proportion) into the culture medium, activating (culture temperature is 35 ℃), inoculating primary culture into a fermentation tank (1L), and culturing at 37 ℃ for 36-72 hours under the condition that the proportion of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is 4:1 (v/v). When OD600 reaches about 0.5, the compound bacteria culture solution is centrifuged and concentrated for later use.
(4) In situ HYTHANE CONVERSION
The biogas production unit (2) mainly uses straws, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste, organic wastewater and the like as raw materials to produce biogas, and the generated biogas CO2The concentration is generally in the range of 50-70%. According to CO in the marsh gas monitored by the sensing control system (4) in real time2The real-time hydrogen supply amount is determined through computer control feedback. Generally based on hydrogen and CO2Is set to 4:1(v/v), and the hydrogen supply amount is determined. CO in biogas2And hydrogen is diffused into the hydrogen alkane conversion unit and adsorbed on the surface of the graft modified porous material, and then the methane flora fixed on the surface of the porous material can be used for preparing hydrogen and CO2Is converted into methane. And under the action of the biogas slurry circulating device (3), biogas slurry spraying is carried out regularly to maintain the activity of methane flora.
Example (b):
(1) an integrated separated microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion device is shown in figure 1. An in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1) is arranged in a gaseous space above a fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, and surface-modified porous materials (such as biochar, ceramsite and the like) are filled in the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit. Methane flora with hydrogen-alkane conversion function is fixed on the surface of the porous material in the form of a biological membrane. A methane production unit (2) is arranged below the hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1).
The hydrogen-alkane conversion unit (1) is positioned in a gas space above the fermentation liquid level in the methane fermentation tank. The side wall of the biogas digester is made of compact stainless steel or carbon steel material and is tightly connected with the wall of the biogas digester. The top and the bottom of the gas-permeable cover are made of porous stainless steel or carbon steel mesh (with the aperture of 10 meshes) materials, so that gas can enter and exit conveniently.
In a further aspect of the present invention,
the gaseous space above the liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank is provided with a reticular material, the interior of the biogas fermentation tank is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the reticular material, the upper part is a hydrogen-alkane conversion unit, the lower part is a biogas production unit (2), hydrogen is introduced by the biogas production unit (2) at the lower part, and the hydrogen introduction position is positioned in the gaseous space between the reticular material and the fermentation liquid level.
The hydrogen is from the hydrogen generated by the electricity-discarded electrolyzed water and stored in a hydrogen storage tank, and is compressed and injected into a biogas production unit (2) in a biogas fermentation tank through a passage,
the methane generated by the methane production unit (2) in the methane fermentation tank rises and diffuses together with the injected hydrogen into the hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1), and the hydrogen and CO are diffused into the methane flora under the action of methane flora2Converting into methane;
biogas slurry generated by a biogas production unit (2) in the biogas fermentation tank is discharged from the bottom of the biogas fermentation tank, and is injected into activated methane flora on the surface of a biological membrane periodically through an inlet formed by an in-situ hydrogen-methane conversion unit of the biogas fermentation tank under the action of a biogas slurry circulating device (3).
And a spray head is arranged at the horizontal height of the inside of the biogas fermentation tank and an inlet formed in the in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion unit, and biogas slurry is periodically sprayed to the surface of the biological membrane through the spray head through the inlet to activate methane flora so as to maintain the life activity and hydrogen-alkane conversion activity of the methane flora.
CO is arranged in the gas space above the fermentation liquid level in the biogas production unit (2)2And the detection sensor is controlled by a computer to determine the injection amount of the hydrogen.
(2) The process flow comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1. Hydrogen generated by the abandoned electric electrolysis water is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen is compressed and injected into the upper gaseous space in the biogas fermentation tank. The marsh gas generated by a marsh gas production unit (2) in the marsh gas fermentation tank rises and diffuses into a hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1), and under the action of methane flora, hydrogen and CO are mixed2Is converted into methane. The upper gaseous space of the biogas fermentation tank is provided with CO2Detecting sensor, determining hydrogen by computer control feedbackThe amount of gas injected. In order to prevent the methane flora in the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit from activity reduction caused by nutrition deficiency, biogas slurry is periodically sprayed under the action of the biogas slurry circulating device (3) to maintain the life activity and hydrogen-alkane conversion activity of the methane flora.
The present embodiment sets a control group, namely: the methane fermentation tank without the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit is directly filled with hydrogen.
Biochar-microbial membrane complex
Biochar (particle size 20 meshes) is grafted and modified by acrylic acid, fulvic acid and the like to introduce active functional groups.
The methane flora mainly comprises hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and acetic acid cracking methane bacteria. Wherein the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium comprises Methanobacterium, Methanobacter, Methanoregulus and Methanospirlum; the methanogens acetolytica consist of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina.
Mixing the two strains of the hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and the acetic acid cracking methane bacteria in equal mass proportion; mixing the strains of Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanoregula and Methanospirlum in equal mass proportion; the strains of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina are mixed according to equal mass proportion.
Adding the biochar and the flora concentrated solution after grafting modification into a culture reactor (5L), and then adding the culture medium. In the control of hydrogen and CO2The culture was carried out at 35 ℃ for 7 days under the condition of a 4:1 aeration ratio. Then transferring the biological carbon-methane flora biomembrane complex into a hydrogen alkane conversion unit. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the methane flora is uniformly distributed on the surface of the charcoal, and a stable-structure biofilm is formed.
Wherein, the porous materials such as the biochar, the ceramsite and the like and the methane flora which are subjected to grafting modification respectively account for 10 percent of the mass of the culture medium.
The formula of the culture medium (pH 6.5-7.5) is as follows: 2% of calcium carbonate, 3% of monopotassium phosphate, 2% of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 1% of ammonium chloride, 2% of yeast powder and water.
The flora concentrated solution is prepared by inoculating freeze-dried compound bacterial agent (strain mixed according to the proportion) into the culture medium, activating (culture temperature is 35 ℃), inoculating primary culture into a fermentation tank (1L), and culturing at 37 ℃ for 36-72 hours under the condition that the proportion of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is 4:1 (v/v). When OD600 reaches about 0.5, the compound bacteria culture solution is centrifuged and concentrated for later use.
(3) Biogas generation and in-situ hydro-alkane conversion.
The biogas production unit (2) mainly uses straws as raw materials to produce biogas, the fermentation concentration of the biogas is 5 percent, and the produced biogas CO is2The concentration was 50%. According to CO in the marsh gas monitored by the sensing control system (4) in real time2And then the hydrogen supply amount (v/v) is determined. CO in biogas2And hydrogen is diffused into the hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1) from the bottom of the hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1), and after being adsorbed on the surface of the graft modified porous material, methane flora fixed on the surface of the porous material can be used for hydrogen and CO2Is converted into methane. The biogas slurry circulating device (3) sprays biogas slurry regularly, and the biogas slurry circulates once every 3 days.
(4) The results were performed. The methane concentration and methane formation rate increased with increasing hydrogen addition ratio (see Table 1), hydrogen and CO2The highest carbon conversion ratio was achieved at 4: 1. Under the condition, the methane generation rate of the hydrogen-methane conversion unit group is improved by 40 percent compared with that of a control group.
TABLE 1 different H2/CO2Comparison of HYTHANE CONVERSION between ratios
Figure BDA0002660345540000071

Claims (10)

1. An integrated separation type microorganism fixed bed in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion method is characterized in that: an in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit is arranged in a gaseous space above a fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, and methane flora with hydrogen alkane conversion function is filled in the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit and fixed on the surface of a microbial biological carrier of a porous material in a form of a biological membrane, so that CO in the biogas can be realized by the biogas in the in-situ hydrogen alkane conversion unit2And exogenous hydrogen to convert methane in situ in real time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the biogas fermentation tank is characterized in that a reticular material is arranged in a gaseous space above the liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, the interior of the biogas fermentation tank is divided into an upper part and a lower part through the reticular material, the upper part is an in-situ hydrogen-alkane conversion unit, the lower part is a biogas production unit (2), hydrogen is introduced from the biogas production unit (2) at the lower part, and the hydrogen introduction position is located in the gaseous space between the reticular material and the fermentation liquid level.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: hydrogen generated by the abandoned electric electrolysis water is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen is compressed and injected into the upper gaseous space in the biogas fermentation tank, biogas generated by a biogas production unit (2) in the biogas fermentation tank rises and diffuses into a hydrogen alkane conversion unit (1), and the hydrogen and CO are reacted under the action of methane flora2Converting into methane; the upper gaseous space of the biogas fermentation tank is provided with CO2And a detection sensor (4) for determining the amount of hydrogen gas injected.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: CO in the biogas2And when exogenous hydrogen is used for converting methane in situ in real time, the activity of methane flora in the hydrogen methane conversion unit is reduced due to lack of nutrition, biogas slurry generated by the biogas production unit (2) in the biogas fermentation tank is discharged from the bottom of the biogas fermentation tank, and the biogas slurry is periodically injected into the surface of the biomembrane through an inlet formed in the in-situ hydrogen methane conversion unit of the biogas fermentation tank under the action of a biogas slurry circulating device (3) to maintain the life activity and hydrogen methane conversion activity of the methane flora.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit is positioned in a gaseous space above the fermentation liquid level in the biogas fermentation tank, and the side wall of the hydrogen-alkane conversion unit is made of compact stainless steel or carbon steel material and is tightly connected with the wall of the biogas fermentation tank; the top and bottom of the gas-permeable porous stainless steel or carbon steel net (with the aperture of 5-20 meshes) are made of a material which is convenient for gas to enter and exit.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the mesh material is a porous stainless steel or carbon steel mesh (aperture is 5-20 meshes) material, is fixed in the gaseous space inside the biogas fermentation tank and is used for supporting a microbial biological carrier of the porous material loaded with methane flora.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the microbial biological carrier of the porous material is a porous material carrier with the grain diameter of 10-50 meshes, and active functional groups are introduced in a grafting modification mode, so that the adhesive force to microorganisms is increased.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: the methane flora consists of hydrogenotrophic methane bacteria and acetic acid cracking methane bacteria, and the two flora jointly complete hydrogen and CO2The acetic acid micromolecule organic acid is converted into methane; wherein the hydrogenotrophic methanobacteria are Methanobacterium, Methanobacter, Methanoregulus and Methanospirlum; the methanogens acetolytica consist of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: mixing the microbial biological carrier, the flora concentrated solution and the culture medium of the porous material, and controlling hydrogen and CO2The culture is carried out for 4-7 days at 35 ℃ under the condition that the introducing ratio is 4:1(v/v), the film forming process of the methane flora on the surface of the porous material is completed, the methane flora with the hydrogen alkane conversion function is obtained, the microbial biological carrier with the hydrogen alkane conversion function is fixed on the porous material in the form of a biological film, and the porous material-methane flora biological film complex is transferred into a hydrogen alkane conversion unit.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the marsh gas is generated by one or more of raw material straws, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and organic wastewater in the marsh gas production unit (2), and the generated marsh gas CO is2The concentration is generally in the range of 50-70%; according to CO2CO in methane monitored by detection sensor (4) in real time2The real-time hydrogen supply amount is determined through computer control feedback.
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