CN114105859A - Synthetic method of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane - Google Patents
Synthetic method of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane Download PDFInfo
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of drug intermediates, in particular to a 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]]Hexane synthesis method using 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [ 3.1.0%]The 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] is prepared by using hexane-2-ketone as raw material and through hydrolysis, oxidation, dehydration, ammonolysis cyclization and reduction]Hexane, said 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazolo cyclo [3.1.0]Hexane-2-ones of the formula
The compound shown as 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Hexane is of the formula
The specific synthetic route of the compound is as follows:
(ii) a The invention has the advantages that: the method has the advantages of cheap and easily obtained starting materials and obtained key intermediate
Is cis-form, can close the ring at room temperature, avoids the high temperature condition of 200 ℃, has simple post-treatment of an intermediate, less three-waste pollution, low energy consumption and low environmental cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane, in particular to a method for synthesizing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane by taking 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazolylcyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2-ketone as a starting material. 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane is an important intermediate for synthesizing Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), a main component of the new crown oral antiviral drug Paxlovid.
Background
The novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 caused by SARS-Cov-2 has become a worldwide epidemic that afflicts the world, causing millions of deaths, and the global public health defense and medical systems face serious challenges.
After layer-by-layer engineering, scientists have ultimately obtained the compound, Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), which has better antiviral activity and higher bioavailability. The Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) can inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2-3CL protease, effectively interfere the virus replication process, and prevent the virus replication and proliferation in vivo.
The in vitro antiviral activity of Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) was evaluated by the investigator using two pathologically relevant cell models, both of which showed a strong inhibitory effect of Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) on viral replication.
Researchers use a mouse animal model to evaluate the in vivo antiviral activity of PF-07321332, and the results prove that the in vivo virus concentration of infected mouse lung can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the multifocal lung lesion of infected mouse can be obviously improved, which provides an effective basis for further clinical application and development of the compound
Researchers continue to explore the preclinical safety and drug metabolism characteristics of compounds. The experimental result shows that the Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) has higher safety and selectivity, and does not show mutagenic or fissile toxicity in vitro genotoxicity research.
In 2021, day 11 and day 5, the third-phase clinical research results of the developed new crown oral drug Paxlovid were published by Pfizer, and showed that the risk of hospitalization or death of the mild-moderate new crown patients can be reduced by about 89% and the risk of oral administration in five days can be reduced by 85% when the patients are taken within three days of diagnosis. Another clinical trial result at 2/3 showed that Paxlovid also reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by 70% in the population at lower risk of developing severe illness.
The FDA has urgently approved oral new crown drug Paxlovid for people over 12 years of age and having a weight of at least 40 kg for the united states local time of 12 months and 22 days for 12 months, and the british drug and health care administration (MHRA) has approved the use of the new crown oral drug Paxlovid by the company feverfew, and in addition, feverfew has started rolling submissions in several countries/regions including australia, new zealand and korea, and is planning to submit applications to other regulatory agencies around the world.
Paxlovid consists of the neocoronavirus 3CL protease inhibitor Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) and the antiviral therapy ritonavir (ritonavir). The Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332) disables the subsequent RNA replication process of the virus by blocking the activity of the new coronavirus 3CL protease, and the structural formula is shown in the following figure:
it was considered that this compound was obtained from the following 3 fragments by amide condensation reaction by reverse synthetic analysis of Nirmatrelvin (PF-07321332).
Wherein fragment 1 is in turn composed of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]]Hexane is obtained by oxidation and optionally cyano addition, from which it can be seen that 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Hexane is an important intermediate of the main antiviral component of the new coronary oral drug Paxlovid, namely, the Nirmatrelvin (PF-07321332), and in addition, the intermediate is also widely applied to other organic synthesis fields, and the chemical formula of the intermediate is shown as the formula
Shown in the figure:
the general synthetic route for 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane is now as follows (WO 2007075790, IN2010MU02833, WO 2009073380):
the route takes the caronic anhydride as a starting material, and is obtained by reducing carbonyl after ammonolysis cyclization, so that caronic anhydride manufacturers are few, the monopoly of products is serious, and the price is higher. In addition, the caronic anhydride is cis-trans-caronic diacid obtained by double bond oxidation of methyl chrysanthemate, the trans-diacid is isomerized into cis-diacid at a high temperature of 190-200 ℃ and then dehydrated into anhydride when the caronic anhydride is prepared, and special equipment is needed for high-temperature reaction, so that the time is long and the energy consumption is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a compound of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [3.1.0]High-efficiency synthesis of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] by using hexane-2-ketone as starting material]Hexane method, which has cheap and easily obtained starting materials and key intermediates
The method has a cis-structure, can close the ring at room temperature, avoids the high-temperature condition of 190-200 ℃, has simple intermediate post-treatment, less three-waste pollution, low energy consumption and low environmental cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Method for synthesizing hexane, said 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Hexane is of the formula
The compound is prepared with 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [ 3.1.0%]The method takes hexane-2-ketone as a starting material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): in alkaline solution, the compound 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2-ketone is hydrolyzed by alkaline to obtain cis-1-carboxyl-2, 2-dimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl cyclopropane, and the cis-carbazone dicarboxylic acid is directly oxidized without separation;
step (2): in the presence of a dehydration reagent, carrying out dehydration on cis-caron dicarboxylic acid at a certain temperature to obtain caron anhydride;
and (3): in the presence of ammonia, the carbazochrome acid is subjected to anhydride aminolysis and cyclization in a solvent to obtain a compound
；
And (4):in the presence of a reducing system
Reduction to obtain 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Hexane.
Further, in the step (1), the alkaline reagent used in the alkaline hydrolysis is selected from one of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,
the solvent used in the step (1) is one or more of water, tetrahydrofuran, methanol and ethanol;
the oxidant used in the oxidation process is selected from potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite.
Further, the compound in the step (1)
The molar ratio of the compound to the alkaline reagent is 1: 2-1: 4, and the compound
The molar ratio of the oxidizing agent to the oxidizing agent is 1: 1-1: 3.
Further, the dehydrating reagent in the step (2) is acetic anhydride; the molar ratio of the caronic diacid to the dehydration reagent is 1: 2-1: 5, and the dehydration temperature is 10-50 ℃.
Further, ammonia in the step (3) is selected from one of ammonia water, urea and ammonium acetate, and the compound is
The molar ratio of the ammonia to the ammonia is 1:2 to 1: 10.
Further, the solvent in the step (3) is one or more of water, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane, methanol and ethanol; said compounds
The volume ratio of the organic solvent to the solvent is 1: 1-1: 3.
Further, the reduction system in the step (4) comprises a reducing agent and a Lewis acid, wherein the reducing agent is selected from one of lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, diborane, borane and bis (cyclopentadiene) zirconium hydride/pinacol borane;
the Lewis acid is selected from one of zinc chloride, lithium chloride, ferric chloride, cobalt chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and sulfuric acid; compound (I)
The molar ratio of the lithium aluminum hydride to the lithium aluminum hydride is 1.0: 2.0-1.0: 4.0; compound (I)
The molar ratio of the reducing agent to the Lewis acid is 1.0:2.0: 2.0-1.0: 8.0: 8.0; the solvent in the step (4) is one or more of tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, toluene and acetonitrile.
The 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane synthesized by the synthesis method is applied to the field of preparing a new crown oral drug, namely the main antiviral component NirmatrelvirPF-07321332 of Paxlovid.
The raw material 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2-ketone adopted by the invention can be obtained by diazotizing and ring closing 3-methyl-2-alkene-1-glycine ester, and the route is shown as follows:
the raw material 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2-ketone adopted by the invention can also be obtained by Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement and hydrolysis of furfural to obtain 2(5H) -furanone and then Simmons-Smith reaction, and the route is shown as follows:
has the advantages that: the method has the advantages of cheap and easily obtained starting materials and obtained key intermediate
Is cis-form, can close the ring at room temperature, avoids the high temperature condition of 200 ℃, has simple post-treatment of an intermediate, less three-waste pollution, low energy consumption and low environmental cost, and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]]Process for preparing hexane1H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 2 is a drawing of caronic anhydride1H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing a method for producing a carinamide1H NMR spectrum.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions. If the temperature is not particularly emphasized, the reaction is usually carried out at room temperature, and the room temperature in the present invention is 10 to 30 ℃.
FIG. 1 is a 1H NMR spectrum of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane.
FIG. 2 is a 1H NMR spectrum of caronic anhydride.
FIG. 3 is a 1H NMR spectrum of a carbazoyl imide.
The raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked bottle
(50.00 g, 396 mmol), Water (100 ml, 2V), sodium hydroxide (31.7 g, 793mmol, 2.0eq) dissolved in 100ml (2V) of water at room temperatureThen dropwise adding the mixture into a substrate, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at room temperature, adding sodium bromide (2.04 g, 19.8mmol and 0.05 eq), cooling to 0-10 ℃, dropwise adding sodium hypochlorite (the effective chlorine concentration is 10%, 422g, 1.19mol and 3.0 eq), naturally heating and reacting for 5 hours at room temperature after adding, adjusting the pH to 2-3 by concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrating until solid is separated out, cooling to 0-10 ℃, stirring and crystallizing for 2 hours, carrying out suction filtration, soaking and washing a filter cake by water (50 ml), draining, and drying to obtain a compound
（51.99g, 82.76%）。
Example 2: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked bottle
(30.00 g, 238 mmol), water (90 ml, 3V), potassium carbonate (131.6 g, 952mmol, 4.0eq) are dissolved by water (400 ml, 13V) and then are dripped into a substrate, the mixture is stirred and reacted for 4h at room temperature, the temperature is reduced to 0-10 ℃, potassium permanganate (56.4, 357mmol, 1.5 eq) is added in batches, the mixture is naturally heated and reacted for 7h at room temperature, the filtration is carried out, a filter cake is washed by water, the pH of the combined filtrate is adjusted to 2-3 by concentrated hydrochloric acid, the mixture is concentrated until solid is precipitated, the mixture is stirred and crystallized for 2h at 0-10 ℃, the filtration is carried out, the filter cake is soaked and washed by water (50 ml), the filtration is carried out, and the compound is obtained after drying
（30.21g, 80.33%）。
Example 3: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked bottle
(45.50 g, 360 mmol), methanol (90 ml, 2V), lithium hydroxide (25.9 g, 1.08mol,3.0 eq) are dissolved by methanol (220 ml, 5V) and then are dripped into a substrate, the mixture is stirred and reacted for 3 hours at 30-40 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 0-10 ℃, sodium bromide (1.85 g, 18mmol, 0.05 eq) is added, the temperature is reduced to 0-10 ℃, sodium hypochlorite (the effective chlorine concentration is 10%, 383g, 1.08mol,3.0 eq) is dripped, the temperature is naturally raised and the reaction is carried out for 8 hours at room temperature after the addition is finished, concentrated hydrochloric acid is used for regulating the pH to 2-3, the filtration is carried out, the solvent is distilled out on the filtrate, water (45 ml) is added, the temperature is reduced to 0-10 ℃, the mixture is stirred and crystallized for 2 hours, and the compound is obtained by suction filtration, washing, pumping and drying
（44.5g, 78%）。
Example 4: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked flask at room temperature
(49.30 g,312 mmol) and acetic anhydride (63.73 g, 624mmol,2.0 eq) are stirred and reacted for 4 hours at room temperature, GC detects that the reaction is complete, the solvent is evaporated, 100ml of methyl tert-butyl ether and 150ml of n-heptane are added at 60 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 0-10 ℃, the mixture is stirred and crystallized, filtered, and the mixture is dried under reduced pressure by keeping weak nitrogen flow at 25-30 ℃ to obtain the compound
(38.01 g, yield 87.01%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) < delta > 2.65 (s, 2H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H) < MS (m)/z): 141.14 (M++1)。
Example 5: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked flask at room temperature
(22 g,139 mmol) and acetic anhydride (70.8 g, 694mmol,5.0 eq) are stirred and reacted for 2 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, GC detects that the reaction is complete, the solvent is evaporated, 60 ℃ methyl tert-butyl ether (40 ml) and petroleum ether (70 ml) are added, the temperature is reduced to 0-10 ℃, the mixture is stirred and crystallized, filtered, and the mixture is dried under reduced pressure by keeping weak nitrogen flow at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ to obtain the compound
(16.2 g, yield 83.1%).
Example 6: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked flask at room temperature
(33 g, 235 mmol) and ammonia water (112 g, 1.65mol,7.0 eq), stirring at room temperature until the ammonolysis reaction is complete, heating to evaporate water to the internal temperature of 160-180 ℃, keeping the temperature for reaction for 3-5 h, detecting the reaction by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) to be complete, cooling to 70 ℃, adding 35ml of hot water at 50-60 ℃, cooling to 10-15 ℃, stirring for crystallization for 1-2 h, filtering, washing with 30ml of ice water to obtain a white-like crystal, and air-blowing and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the compound
(27.8 g, yield 84.8%).1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 10.68 (m, 1H), 2.38 (s, 2H), 1.64 (br s, 1H), 1.22 (s, 3H), 1.70 (s, 3H).MS (m/z): 140.15 (M++1)。
Example 7: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked flask at room temperature
(10 g, 71 mmol) and ammonium acetate (11 g, 143mmol,2.0 eq), heating to internal temperature of 160 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 5h, cooling to 70 ℃, adding hot water (10 ml) at 50-60 ℃, cooling to 10-15 ℃, stirring for crystallization for 1-2 h, performing suction filtration, washing with ice water (10 ml) to obtain white-like crystals, and performing forced air drying at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the compound
(8.6 g, yield 86.6%).
Example 8: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked flask at room temperature
(27 g, 194 mmol) and THF (100 mL), cooling to 0 deg.C, adding small amount of sodium borohydride (29.36 g,776mmol, 4.0eq) in portions, then adding iodine (196.99g,776mmol, 4.0eq) solution in THF (300 mL) dropwise, reacting after the dropwise additionHeating the system to 50-60 ℃ for 5 hours, stopping reaction, cooling to room temperature, dropwise adding 2N diluted hydrochloric acid to quench, adding water (500 mL), layering, washing the water phase with ethyl acetate (200 mL multiplied by 2), adjusting the pH of the water layer to 9-10, extracting with EA (500 mL multiplied by 3), combining the organic phases, washing with saturated saline (100 mL), and removing anhydrous Na2SO4Drying, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain light yellow liquid compound
Distilling under reduced pressure to obtain compound
(16.82 g, yield 77.96%).1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.87 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 2H), 1.64 (br s, 1H), 1.22 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 3H), 0.96 (s, 3H).MS (m/z): 112 (M++1)。
Example 9: compound (I)
Synthesis of (2)
Adding the compound to a three-necked flask at room temperature
(11 g, 79 mmol) and toluene (150 mL), cooling to 0 ℃, dropwise adding 1M lithium aluminum hydride tetrahydrofuran (158 mL,158mmol, 2.0eq), heating the reaction system to 40-50 ℃ after dropwise adding, reacting for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, dropwise adding dilute sodium hydroxide solution, quenching, adding water (20 mL), demixing, washing the water phase with ethyl acetate (50 mL multiplied by 2), combining organic phases and anhydrous Na2SO4Drying, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain light yellow liquid compound
Vacuum rectification to obtain the compound
(6.5 g, yield 73.9%).
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1.6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Method for synthesizing hexane, said 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Hexane is of the formula
A compound characterized by: the synthesis method uses 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole ring [3.1.0]]The method takes hexane-2-ketone as a starting material, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): in alkaline solution, the compound 6, 6-dimethyl-3-oxazole cyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2-ketone is hydrolyzed by alkaline to obtain cis-1-carboxyl-2, 2-dimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl cyclopropane, and the cis-carbazone dicarboxylic acid is directly oxidized without separation;
step (2): in the presence of a dehydration reagent, carrying out dehydration on cis-caron dicarboxylic acid at a certain temperature to obtain caron anhydride;
and (3): in the presence of ammonia, the carbazochrome acid is subjected to anhydride aminolysis and cyclization in a solvent to obtain a compound
；
And (4): in addition toIn the presence of the original system, compounds
Reduction to obtain 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]Hexane.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the alkaline reagent used for alkaline hydrolysis is selected from one of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate,
the solvent used in the step (1) is one or more of water, tetrahydrofuran, methanol and ethanol;
the oxidant used in the oxidation process is selected from potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the compound in the step (1)
The molar ratio of the compound to the alkaline reagent is 1: 2-1: 4, and the compound
The molar ratio of the oxidizing agent to the oxidizing agent is 1: 1-1: 3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the dehydration reagent in the step (2) is acetic anhydride; the molar ratio of the caronic diacid to the dehydration reagent is 1: 2-1: 5, and the dehydration temperature is 10-50 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: ammonia in the step (3) is selected from one of ammonia water, urea and ammonium acetate, and the compound
The molar ratio of the ammonia to the ammonia is 1:2 to 1: 10.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the solvent in the step (3) is one or more of water, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane, methanol and ethanol; said compounds
The volume ratio of the organic solvent to the solvent is 1: 1-1: 3.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the reducing system in the step (4) comprises a reducing agent and Lewis acid, wherein the reducing agent is selected from one of lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, diborane, borane and bis (cyclopentadiene) zirconium hydride/pinacol borane;
the Lewis acid is selected from one of zinc chloride, lithium chloride, ferric chloride, cobalt chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and sulfuric acid; compound (I)
The molar ratio of the lithium aluminum hydride to the lithium aluminum hydride is 1.0: 2.0-1.0: 4.0; compound (I)
The molar ratio of the reducing agent to the Lewis acid is 1.0:2.0: 2.0-1.0: 8.0: 8.0; the solvent in the step (4) is one or more of tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, toluene and acetonitrile.
8. The application of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane synthesized by the method of any one of claims 1-7 in the field of preparation of new oral crown medicine, i.e. Nirmatrelvin PF-07321332, which is the main antiviral component of Paxlovid.
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| CN114634441A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-06-17 | 南京海辰药业股份有限公司 | Novel method for synthesizing 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3,1,0] hexane |
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| CN115197119B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-01-16 | 江苏科本药业有限公司 | Preparation method of 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-2, 4-dione |
| CN115974760A (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-04-18 | 上海馨远医药科技有限公司 | Preparation method of 6, 6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane |
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