CN114103170B - Wood-plastic composite board, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Wood-plastic composite board, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114103170B CN114103170B CN202111401525.2A CN202111401525A CN114103170B CN 114103170 B CN114103170 B CN 114103170B CN 202111401525 A CN202111401525 A CN 202111401525A CN 114103170 B CN114103170 B CN 114103170B
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood-plastic composite materials, and discloses a formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite board, a preparation method and application. Carrying out microporation treatment on the clean veneer; taking out the preheated plate blank assembly in the vacuum drying oven, and adjusting parameters of the hot press; placing the slab into a first layer of the hot press, opening a rising button, starting timing after rising is completed, and taking out the pressed slab after timing is completed and placing the slab into a second layer of the hot press; pressing the ascending button again, finishing pressing the descending button in a timing way, and taking out the pressed plate after descending; and combining the slabs under different conditions, pressing, and naturally cooling under a heavy gland to obtain the composite plate. The composite board prepared by using the wood-plastic sandwich mode and staggered wood skin lines has the best impact strength, and the increase of the usage amount of the polymer film can ensure that the boards are combined more firmly, reduce the pores on the surface of the board, improve the impact strength and increase the toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood-plastic composite materials, and particularly relates to a polypropylene wood-plastic composite board, a preparation method and application.
Background
At present: wood-Plastic Composites (WPC for short). The wood-plastic composite material is prepared by mixing wood fiber or wood powder with thermoplastic resin as raw materials and processing the mixture.
In recent years, some achievements are achieved in wood-plastic materials in China, wood powder is used as a filler to be combined with polypropylene to prepare a wood-plastic composite board, and the impact strength, the tensile strength and the flame retardance of the finally obtained board are improved, so that the production process requirements and the service performance of various occasions can be met. The plate is excellent in performance and can be recycled. Wood flour is mixed with waste plastic and pressed into wood flour/polypropylene (PP) composite material. The mechanical properties of the boards are studied through the change of the wood flour consumption. The results show that the increase of the wood flour content leads the mechanical properties of the board to be increased and then reduced. The wood-plastic board is prepared by compounding waste straw, rice husk, fibrilia and the like with thermoplastic resin, and compared with the traditional wood, the wood-plastic board has the advantages of corrosion resistance, good water resistance, difficult cracking, long service life, good dimensional stability and the like. The mechanical properties of the plate obtained by preparing the high-strength full-polypropylene composite plate through hot press molding are greatly improved, and the plate can be recovered, so that the environmental protection problem is solved. The polypropylene film is used as an adhesive and eucalyptus is used for pressing the single-board/polypropylene film composite board, and the influence of different temperatures, time and using amounts of plastics on the performance of the composite board is studied. The composite board obtained by the method has no formaldehyde emission, and the polypropylene is thermoplastic resin with excellent performance, so that the prepared composite board has excellent performance, saves environmental protection and zero formaldehyde, and is suitable for quality and health pursued in current life. The polypropylene composite material is reinforced by continuous fibers, and the obtained material has excellent performance. The fiber composite board is prepared by using two short fibers, namely regenerated polyester and polypropylene respectively, and performing hot press molding, so that the mechanical properties of the obtained composite material are optimized. The wood flour/polypropylene composite board is studied, wherein isocyanate is added as an adhesive, and the obtained composite board has excellent mechanical properties. The mechanical property influence on WPC is researched by adopting titanate coupling agent and aluminate coupling agent to treat wood powder, so that the conclusion shows that the interface compatibility of the wood powder and polypropylene is enhanced by the wood board treated by the coupling agent, and the mechanical property of the composite material is improved. The maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-octene copolymer is used for modifying the interface, the interface compatibility and the wood powder filling amount are changed to prepare the wood-plastic composite board, the change of the mechanical property is studied, and the mechanical property of the wood-plastic composite board prepared by changing the interface compatibility is superior to that of the composite board prepared without changing the interface compatibility. The low-density polyethylene film is used as an adhesive and a poplar board is overlapped to prepare the wood-plastic composite board, and the change of mechanical properties of the wood-plastic composite board is studied by utilizing the change of temperature and the silane coupling agent serving as a modifier to treat the surface of the wood board. As a result of the study, the bonding strength of the modified wood board was better than that of a pressed board in which the wood board was modified.
Several molding processes are common to composite materials.
Compression molding: and (3) placing materials such as particles, powder and the like into a mould at the forming temperature, and filling the mould cavity when the resin flows in the mould and the reinforcing material flows in the mould. It is completed under high pressure and high temperature resistant metal mold and high strength. Is suitable for producing small and medium-sized composite material parts.
Hot press molding: the adhesive is pressed for a certain time by utilizing the characteristic of viscous flow of the adhesive at high temperature and high pressure. The characteristics are as follows: the pressure and the temperature are uniform, and the die is simple and suitable for preparing larger composite materials. The influence of various variables such as time, temperature, pressure and the like on the material can be considered in the pressing process.
Extrusion molding: the extrusion process is generally composed of a feeding system, a temperature control system, a transmission control system, a machine head die and the like, the filler enters a material port, and the material can be changed into solid through solid, elastomer and viscous fluid. Extrusion molding machines generally include single screw extruders and twin screw extruders.
Injection molding: and cooling and solidifying the granules at a certain temperature through an injection molding machine and an injection mold to obtain the product. The method is suitable for the parts with complex shapes. The method is characterized in that: high efficiency and high production speed.
The wood-plastic composite board is a novel material with application significance. The method is beneficial to reducing the usage amount of plastics and protecting the environment; and can be recycled and reused to become a green economic material. In application, the building aspect: eave, pavilion, public facilities, floor, wall, etc.; the living aspect is: table and chair, teaching articles, cabinet, storage box, bath barrel, snowboard, crutch, wood-plastic racket, beehive, golf club and various model appliances in life; service logistics aspects: a wood plastic fixing frame, a wood plastic protective cover and the like. The corrosion resistance, the firmness and other excellent characteristics have larger competitiveness and rising space; decorative material: the wood plastic material has the advantages of durability, zero formaldehyde and great decoration in the aspect of doors, decorative plates, lines, escalators, guardrails, suspended ceilings and the like. The application of wood plastic materials is very wide.
The wood-plastic composite board has the advantages of water resistance, strong plasticity, long service life, rich colors, difficult cracking, good stability and the like. Wood-plastic materials are required in all aspects, have large development space and high requirements, and can be used more and more widely. Under the strong consumption of natural resources, green and healthy life is pursued, the wood-plastic composite board can be recycled, the consumption of resources is reduced, better products are provided, and the wood-plastic composite material is believed to become a mainstream consumer product in the future. A large number of civil fishing boats will use wood plastic composite board on the deck of the boat, which is corrosion-resistant and water-resistant, and is very suitable for the use on the fishing boat, thus saving the cost for the fishermen and achieving the requirements of the boat. In the age of high-speed development of railways, the demand of sleepers in railway construction is large, and the sleepers do not use a large amount of wood-plastic composite materials, so that the excellent characteristics of WPC in future development can be used in railway construction. It is believed that in future development, wood-plastic composite panels will play an important role in this era.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: the existing composite board has formaldehyde release in the production process, the use process and the use after use, and the release time is long; the service life is short; the adhesion between the wood veneer layer and the layer is low, and the strength is insufficient; warpage and deformation occur.
The difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the adhesive is used in the preparation process of the non-log boards used in the market, so that the formaldehyde release is completely eradicated, the damage to the environment and the life is very large, the post-treatment is very troublesome, and the economic burden and the secondary pollution are brought. The wood-plastic board is prepared by plastic instead of rubber, but the service life of the board is damaged due to poor degradability of the polymer, poor compatibility with wood skin fibers and the like, unavoidable interfaces appear between the wood skin and the polymer, the adhesion between the wood skin and the polymer is low, the strength is insufficient, warping and deformation appear, and if the hydrophobic property of the wood skin surface is improved by a chemical method or the polymer with ultra-high molecular weight is used, a non-green chemical reagent is inevitably used, and the production cost is greatly increased.
The meaning of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: WPCs combine many of the advantages of wood and plastic. Not only has good performance, but also can reduce the cost and is environment-friendly. The meaning of WPC was studied by reading the literature: firstly, the consumption of wood can be reduced, and the earth environment is protected; secondly, the use of plastic is reduced, the combination of wood and plastic can be recycled, and the environmental pollution caused by the plastic is reduced; thirdly, the advantages of the wood and the plastic can be fully exerted through the combination of the wood and the plastic, and the product with excellent performance can be obtained while the cost is reduced. In the times of calling for green life, the wood-plastic composite material not only has excellent performance, but also can be recycled, and has very important significance for the next times.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite board, a preparation method and application.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite board, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out microporation treatment on the clean veneer, wherein the micropore size is 0.05-0.5mm 2 The pore density is 250-4000m -2 The perforation of the polymer to the veneer is realized to improve the service life and strength of the board;
step two, taking out the plate blank assembly in the vacuum drying box, and adjusting parameters (temperature, pressure and time) of the hot press;
thirdly, placing the plate blank into a first layer of a hot press, opening a rising button, and opening timing after rising is completed so as to exhaust the gas between the plate and the polymer;
fourthly, taking out the pressed slab after timing, putting the slab into a second layer of the hot press, turning on a tap to press a cooling switch, then pressing a rising button again, and timing for at least 90 seconds after rising, so as to ensure that the polymer fluid and the wood surface are connected together and the polymer fluid enters the wood micropores to realize penetration;
and fifthly, pressing a descending button in a timing way, and taking out the pressed plate after descending. After the slabs with different conditions are combined, the pressed composite plate is obtained according to the first step to the fourth step, and under the pressure of a heavy object gland (the pressure is not lower than 3000N/m 2 ) And (3) naturally cooling, so as to avoid warping and deformation in the cooling process after hot pressing.
Further, the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board brushes liquid paraffin oil on the bottommost side and the topmost side of the sawn wood board so as to prevent the wood skin from being carbonized at high temperature and not adhering to a hot press.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board uses the thermoplastic polymer film to replace the adhesive to prepare the wood-plastic composite board, wherein the polymer comprises polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and the like, and formaldehyde sources are eliminated from the source.
Further, the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board comprises the steps of placing a wood board on a die, cutting a polymer film, spreading the polymer film on the wood board, and repairing the cut corner film at gaps of wood chips; the combined billet is placed in a vacuum drying oven (the temperature is a certain temperature between the softening point temperature and the viscous flow temperature of the corresponding polymer) and the standing time is 100min.
Further, the pressing temperature of the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board is set to be the viscous flow temperature of the corresponding polymer, the pre-pressing time is 65s, the pressure is 30t, the pressing time is not less than 10min, and the cooling time is 90s. The surfaces of the polymer fluid and the veneer are ensured to be accommodated and the polymer fluid enters the micropores of the veneer to be completely penetrated.
Further, the preparation of the polymer film of the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board comprises the following steps: taking polymer particles in a beaker, weighing 7.5-12g of the particles, and paving the particles on a mirror surface die to form a circle; the hot press forming machine is started, the power supply is started, the oil pressure is started, the temperature is regulated to be the corresponding viscous flow temperature of the polymer, the mirror surface die is placed into the hot press forming machine, after the rising button is started to rise completely, the timing button is started, the timing is completed to descend automatically, the die is taken out and placed on the lower layer, the timing is closed, cooling is started, cooling is conducted after 60 seconds of rising, the mirror surface die is taken out, and the circular film with the thickness of about 0.35mm can be obtained.
Further, the technological parameters for preparing the polymer film are that the temperature is set to be the viscous flow temperature, the pre-pressing time is 65s, the pressurizing time is 45s, the cooling time is 60s, and the gas among particles is discharged as much as possible, so that the prepared polymer film is thin and symmetrical.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the plant fiber/polymer pollution-free composite material by the preparation method of the formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite board.
The invention further aims to provide a deck for a fishing boat, which is the polypropylene wood-plastic composite board.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a railway sleeper, which is the polypropylene wood-plastic composite plate.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention uses polymer (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.) and log bark to be overlapped to prepare the formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite material; microporation treatment is carried out on the clean veneer, and the aperture is 0.05-0.5mm 2 The pore density is 250-4000m -2 To realize perforation of the polymer to the veneer to improve the service life and strength of the board. The multi-layer wood-plastic composite board is successfully prepared by adopting a hot press forming process according to the changes of the dosage and the wood grain direction of the polypropylene film, and relevant tests such as impact property, hardness, water absorption, aging test and the like are carried out on the board, so that the mechanical properties of the material under different variables are researched. The result shows that the prepared composite board passes through the authoritative detection mechanismFormaldehyde was not found by the test. Composite sheets made with double layer polymers and staggered grain have the best impact strength, e.g. hole density 1000m -2 The impact strength of the polypropylene composite board reaches 3.43GPa (61.03 percent of the impact strength of the wood-plastic board prepared by non-microporation is improved), the water absorption is 4.18 percent at least, the water absorption is far less than the water absorption of log bark (30.5 percent), and the water absorption is not foamed. The increase of the polymer consumption can make the combination of the boards firmer, reduce the pores on the surfaces of the boards, improve the impact strength, reduce the water absorption and improve the ageing resistance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a preparation method of a polypropylene wood-plastic composite board provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a polypropylene film pressing process provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a pressing process of the polypropylene/wood composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a specific experiment provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of impact strength of a composite board aligned in the wood grain direction and staggered in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a graph of the water absorption of log bark provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the water absorption of samples No. 3, no. 7 and No. 9 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a polypropylene wood-plastic composite board, a preparation method and application, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: micropore the clean veneerPerforming chemical treatment to obtain a micropore size of 0.05-0.2mm 2 The pore density is 250-4000m -2 ；
S102: taking out the plate blank assembly in the vacuum drying oven, and adjusting parameters (temperature, pressure and time) of the hot press;
s103: placing the slab into a first layer of a hot press, opening a lifting button, and opening timing after lifting is completed;
s104: after timing, taking out the pressed slab, putting the slab into a second layer of the hot press, turning on a water tap to press a cooling switch, then pressing a rising button again, and timing for not less than 90s after rising;
s105: and (5) pressing a descending button after timing, and taking out the pressed plate after descending. After the slabs with different conditions are combined, the pressed composite plate is obtained according to the first step to the fourth step, and under the pressure of a heavy object gland (the pressure is not lower than 3000N/m 2 ) And (5) naturally cooling.
Other steps can be performed by those skilled in the art to prepare the formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite panel according to the present invention, and the preparation method of the wood-plastic composite panel according to the present invention shown in fig. 1 is merely an embodiment.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in the following in connection with experiments.
The experiment adopts a method that polymer films are used for replacing adhesives and are mutually overlapped with the wood boards to prepare the wood-plastic composite board through hot press molding. The influence on the mechanical properties is studied by changing the contact area between the wood board and the film, the use amount of the polypropylene film and the direction of wood grains through a wood board microporation treatment method. The invention mainly adopts a hot press molding mode, and adopts conventional thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and the like.
The conventional thermoplastic resin is generally nontoxic and odorless solid substances, resists corrosion of acid, alkali, salt solution and various organic solvents, and has high-strength mechanical properties, good high-wear-resistance processing properties, chemical resistance, heat resistance, electrical insulation and the like.
1 experimental part
1.1 Main instruments, reagents and analytical test methods
1.1.1 major laboratory instruments and reagents
The main instruments are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Main instruments
1.1.2 major chemical reagents and raw materials
The main reagents and raw materials are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Main reagents and raw materials
1.2 design experiments
According to the present experimental content, the following are examined:
(1) The effect of micropores on the wood-plastic composite board.
(2) Influence of wood grain direction on wood-plastic composite board.
(3) Influence of the film dosage on the wood-plastic composite board.
The design experiments are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 design experiment
Note that: the bark area is 20cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The dosage of the veneer is 10 pieces; the polymer used is polypropylene; the interlacing is the interlacing superposition of the wood grain transformation directions; 1 sheet of one layer 1 sheet of polypropylene film; 2 sheets of polypropylene film; a total of 10 wood boards.
1.3 treatment of log bark
The experiment requires preparing raw materials, and cutting the purchased log bark by using a sawSaw into 20X 20cm 2 Or 25X 25cm 2 Drying the square wood chips, and carrying out microporation treatment on log bark for storage experiment.
1.4 preparation of Polypropylene films
The steps are as follows: taking polymer particles in a beaker, weighing 7.5-12g of the particles, and paving the particles on a mirror surface die to form a circle; the hot press forming machine is started, the power supply is started, the oil pressure is started, the temperature is regulated to be the corresponding viscous flow temperature of the polymer, the mirror surface die is placed into the hot press forming machine, after the rising button is started to rise completely, the timing button is started, the timing is completed to descend automatically, the die is taken out and placed on the lower layer, the timing is closed, cooling is started, cooling is conducted after 60 seconds of rising, the mirror surface die is taken out, and the circular film with the thickness of about 0.35mm can be obtained.
1.4.1 Process parameters for preparing Polymer films
Table 4 process parameters
1.4.2 Process flow for preparing Polymer films
The film pressing process flow is shown in fig. 2. The method specifically comprises the following steps: turning on a power supply and oil pressure; adjusting parameters; placing into a mold; pressing the ascending opening timer; taking out the die and putting the die into the next layer; opening the tap and opening the cooling; taking out the die after cooling; a polymer film was obtained.
1.5 preparation of Wood-Plastic composite Board
1.5.1 manufacture and preheating of slabs
The lowermost and uppermost sides of the cut boards were brushed with liquid paraffin oil (to prevent carbonization of the boards). In the experiment, the polymer is used for replacing the adhesive to prepare the wood-plastic composite board.
The steps are as follows: for example, 10 strands and 9 polymer films were removed. Placing the wood board on a die, cutting the polymer film, spreading the polymer film on the wood board, and repairing the cut corner film at the gaps of the wood chips; the film and the wood board were superimposed on each other in this manner, and the wood board amounted to 10 sheets. And (3) putting the combined sandwich plate blank into a vacuum drying box, wherein the setting temperature is a certain temperature between the softening point temperature and the viscous flow temperature of the corresponding polymer, and the standing time is 100min.
1.5.2 pressing of Wood-Plastic Board
Experiments composite boards were prepared by hot press molding with polymer films instead of adhesives. Principle of hot press molding: and heating and pressing the assembled plates to form the composite plate with water resistance and certain mechanical strength. The method is characterized in that: the temperature field and the pressure field are uniform, the forming die is simple, and the method is favorable for preparing larger plate workpieces.
The steps are as follows: taking out the plate blank assembly in the vacuum drying oven, and adjusting parameters of the hot press; putting the slab into the first layer of the hot press after the rising button is opened, opening the timing after the rising is finished, taking out the pressed slab after timing is finished, putting the slab into the second layer of the hot press, pressing the rising button again after the tap is opened to press the cooling switch, timing for 90 seconds after rising, finishing pressing the descending button after timing, and taking out the pressed slab after descending. And (3) combining the slabs under different conditions, and then operating according to the steps to obtain the pressed composite board.
1.5.3 Process parameters for pressing Wood-Plastic Board
Table 5 wood-plastic panel pressing process parameters
1.5.4 wood-plastic board pressing process flow
The process flow of the wood-plastic panel pressing is shown in figure 3. The method specifically comprises the following steps: assembling; placing the mixture into a vacuum drying box; turning on a power supply and oil pressure; setting parameters; placing the assembly into a hot press; opening and ascending; opening a timer; the water tap is opened after timing; opening and cooling; cooling is completed and the pressure is reduced; and taking out the pressed plate.
1.6 physical mechanical Properties, water absorption and aging test
1.6.1 impact Strength test
The combined impact tester is mainly used for materials of non-metal materials such as hard plastics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, ceramics, and the like, and the impact strength is applied to the combined impact tester.
Impact strength is an important index for measuring the toughness of a high polymer material, and the impact strength is calculated according to a formula (1).
α k ＝A/(bh) (1)
In the formula (1), alpha k Represents impact strength, kJ.m -2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the A represents the work required for breaking the sample, J; b represents the width of the specimen at impact, mm; h represents the sample thickness at impact, mm.
The experiment used a combination impact tester (simple beam). The sample width was 20.0mm, the sample thickness was 16.0mm, and the pre-elevation angle was 160 °.
1.7.2 hardness test
Hardness is an important performance index for material performance, hardness test is passed through XHR-150 type plastic Rockwell hardness tester, and the thickness of the tested piece must be greater than 0.6mm. Firstly, installing a ball pressure head with required specification, then installing a test bed, putting a sample into the test bed after debugging an instrument, slowly rotating a rotary rod to enable the ball pressure head to be slowly pressed into the sample, starting a button when a small pointer rotates from a black point to a red point and a large pointer points to '30', turning a few circles when the large pointer is seen to rotate when a test force is applied, and turning a few circles when the test force is removed, so that the hardness value of the sample can be obtained according to a reading principle.
1.7.3 Water absorption Property test
Making a sample of the polypropylene wood-plastic composite material, performing a water absorption test, drying the sample at 80 ℃, and weighing m 0 Soaking the sample in a water bath with constant temperature of 25 ℃, taking out the sample according to a certain time, wiping the water adsorbed on the surface with a dry paper towel, and re-weighing m t Then quickly soaking in water, and repeating the test. Sample preparation Water absorption W a (%) is calculated according to formula (2):
W a ＝(m t -m 0 )/m 0 (2)
w in formula (2) a Is the water absorption, m t Is the mass, g and m after soaking time t 0 Is the mass of the sample before soaking，g。
1.7 Process flow
The specific experimental flow chart is shown in fig. 4.
2 test results
2.1 determination of impact Strength of Wood-Plastic composite Board
Impact strength test environment: the impact was measured at 50J and ambient temperature at 25 ℃. A dotted line graph of impact strength of an exemplary polypropylene wood plastic panel is shown in fig. 5.
The following information for the polypropylene wood-plastic panel aligned with the wood grain can be seen from fig. 5:
(1) When the number of holes is 0, the impact strength is 1.98GPa.
(2) With the increase of the punching number of the plate, the impact strength of the plate is continuously improved. When the number of holes was 40, the impact strength of the sheet was 3.13GPa.
(3) When the number of holes is 40, the impact strength of the plate is improved by 58.08 percent compared with that of a non-porous plate.
(4) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) the wood board has certain shock resistance, the polypropylene film has certain mechanical strength, and the polypropylene film is used as an adhesive to be a board after hot pressing, and has certain shock resistance.
(2) The punching number is increased, after the polypropylene film is melted, the polypropylene film flows into the holes, and the cohesiveness is better, so that the impact performance of the plate is improved.
(3) The number of holes is increased, so that the polypropylene film flows into more holes after being melted, the mutual cohesiveness among the plates is higher, and the impact performance is improved.
The following information for the staggered polypropylene wood plastic panels can also be seen from fig. 5:
(1) When the plate is pore-free, the impact strength is 2.13GPa.
(2) Impact strength is improved as the number of plate perforations is increased; at a perforation number of 40, the impact strength of the sheet was 3.43GPa.
(3) Compared with the nonporous plate, the punching number is 40, and the impact strength is improved by 61.03 percent.
(4) When the punching numbers are 40, compared with the boards arranged along the wood grain, the impact strength of the staggered boards is improved by 0.3Gpa, and the impact strength of the staggered boards is improved by 9.58%.
(5) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) the wood board has certain shock resistance, and the polypropylene film has certain mechanical property, and after being prepared by hot pressing by taking the polypropylene film as an adhesive, the wood board generates certain shock resistance.
(2) The punching number is increased, after the polypropylene film is melted, the polypropylene film flows into the holes, and the cohesiveness is better, so that the impact performance of the plate is improved.
(3) The number of holes is increased, so that the polypropylene film flows into more holes after being melted, the mutual cohesiveness among the plates is higher, and the impact performance is improved.
(4) When the boards are staggered, the fibers between the boards are mutually meshed, so that the impact performance is improved.
The impact performance data of the polypropylene type wood plastic panels tested against 1 film and 2 films are shown in table 6.
Table 6 impact strength test data for polypropylene wood plastic panels
The following information can be seen from table 6:
(1) Compared with sample 7, the impact strength of sample 9 is improved by 0.23GPa and 10.80%.
(2) The impact strength of the sample 10 is improved by 0.31GPa and 15.66% compared with that of the sample 8.
(3) The impact strength of the sample 9 is improved by 70MPa compared with that of the sample 10, and the impact strength is improved by 3.06%.
(4) The impact performance of the plate material using 2 films staggered is optimal.
(5) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) in the same arrangement mode, the surface area of the wood board is limited, the using amount of the polypropylene film is increased, the polypropylene film fully enters into the gaps of the wood board after melting, the bonding strength is improved, and the bonding of the board is firmer, so that the impact performance is improved.
(2) When the polypropylene films are used in the same amount, the fibers between the boards are staggered, and the boards are in a net structure, so that the transverse and longitudinal tensile forces are mutually overlapped, and the impact performance is improved.
2.2 hardness test of Wood-Plastic composite Material
And taking out the material with the comparability to detect the hardness of the composite board. The test uses a plastic Rockwell hardness tester. Sample initial test forces are respectively selected: 98.07N, indenter specification: Φ3.175mm, supply voltage: AC 220V.
Table 7 hardness test data
From table 7 the following information can be derived:
(1) The hardness value of the original wood board was 37HRE.
(2) The maximum hardness value is 39HRE for sample No. 9, the hardness value is 36.7HRE for sample No. 8, and the difference is 2.3. The hardness values do not vary widely, but are within a stable range.
(3) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) the wood board itself has a certain mechanical strength.
(2) The polypropylene film has certain mechanical strength, and after the usage amount is increased and the composite board is made, the hardness value is improved, so that the influence is small.
(3) The hardness is the capability of the material for resisting the pressing-in of hard objects, the property of the wood board is not changed by the design and manufacturing process, the mechanical strength of the wood board is not influenced by the design variable, and the influence of the polypropylene serving as an adhesive is very little, so that the hardness value of the board is in a stable variation range.
(4) The difference in hardness exists between the boards themselves.
2.3 determination of Water absorption of log bark
The water absorption of log bark is shown in fig. 6, and the following information can be seen:
(1) The water absorption speed is high, and the water is saturated after 20 minutes of absorption.
(2) The water absorption rate is high and reaches 30.5 percent.
(3) The reason is that: the thickness of the log bark is small, and polar groups on the surface of wood fiber are more, so that the log bark absorbs water quickly and much.
2.4 measurement of Water absorption of Polypropylene Wood-Plastic composite Board
Three comparative samples were subjected to the water absorption test, sample 3, sample 7 and sample 9, respectively.
Table 8 sample basic details
From fig. 7, the following information on the water absorption properties of sample 3 can be seen:
(1) The water absorption rate is 1.7% when the water is absorbed for 5min after being tested once in 5 min.
(2) The water absorption of sample 3 increased with time, and reached a maximum of 5.13% when the time was 45 min. The water absorption is stable beyond 45min, and the plate reaches the water absorption saturation state.
(3) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) the surface of the wood board is provided with fibers which are hydrophilic substances, so that a certain amount of water can be absorbed.
(2) The wood board is provided with 5 multiplied by 8 staggered small holes, so that the contact area of the wood board and water molecules can be increased, and the wood board has stronger water absorption.
(3) The polypropylene is a porous polymer material, has a plurality of pores and has stronger water storage performance. Therefore, polypropylene is hot-pressed between the boards, more water molecules can be stored in the pore channels of the polypropylene, and the water absorption rate of the boards is greatly improved.
(4) As time increases, more and more water molecules come into contact with the wood board and the polypropylene film and enter the material pores, and thus the water absorption increases rapidly.
(5) When the time is prolonged to 45min, most pore channels are occupied by water molecules. Therefore, the water absorption does not change significantly any more.
From fig. 7, the following information on the water absorption properties of sample 7 can be seen:
(1) The water absorption was 1.75% when the test was carried out once in 5min and when the water was absorbed for 5 min.
(2) The water absorption of sample 7 increased with time, and at 45min, the water absorption reached a maximum of 5.22%. The water absorption amount tends to be stable exceeding 45min, and the water absorption reaches a saturated state.
(3) Compared with sample 3, the maximum water absorption is 0.09% lower, which is not quite different.
(4) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) the surface of the wood board is provided with a large amount of wood fibers, and the fibers are hydrophilic substances and have certain water absorption capacity.
(2) The polypropylene is a porous polymer material, has more pores and has stronger water absorption capacity. Therefore, more water molecules can be stored in the polypropylene, and the water absorption capacity of the wood board is improved.
(3) With time, more and more water molecules enter the fibers of the wood board and the pores of the polypropylene, and thus the water absorption increases.
(4) When the time increases to 45min, most of the pore channels are occupied by water molecules, which are then repelled, so that the water absorption reaches a saturated state.
(5) Sample 7 is not perforated, and has limited pore channels for water molecules to enter, so that the water storage capacity of the plate is reduced, and the water absorption rate is slightly lower than that of sample 3.
From fig. 7, the following information on the water absorption properties of sample 9 can be seen:
(1) The water absorption was 1.45% when the test was carried out once in 5min and when the water was absorbed for 5 min.
(2) The water absorption of sample 9 increased with time, and at 45min, the water absorption reached a maximum of 4.18%, and water absorption reached saturation over 45 min.
(3) Compared to sample 7, the maximum water absorption was 1.04% lower.
(4) Possible reasons are as follows:
(1) the surface of the wood board is provided with a plurality of fibers which are hydrophilic and have a certain water absorbing capacity.
(2) With the increase of time, more and more water molecules enter the pore channels of the plate, so that the water absorption rate is increased.
(3) When the time is increased to 45min, the pore channels of the plate are occupied by water molecules, and the subsequent water molecules cannot enter, so that the plate is in a water absorption saturation state.
(4) When two polypropylene films are used, the wood board has a limited surface area, and when the films melt more enters the micro-pores of the wood board, limiting the certain water absorption capacity of the wood board, so that the water absorption is lower than that of sample 7.
Conclusion:
(1) The impact strength of the wood-plastic composite board is improved along with the increase of the punching number; the contact area of the film and the plate is increased, and the impact strength of the polypropylene wood-plastic composite plate is continuously increased.
(2) As the amount of polymer film used increases, the impact strength of the composite board increases.
(3) The impact strength of the composite board pressed by staggered arrangement is obviously higher than that of the composite board pressed by wood grain arrangement.
(4) The fluctuation change between the hardness of the wood-plastic composite material is small, and the fluctuation change is in a stable range, so that the influence of the change of experimental variables and the hot press molding method on the hardness value of the board is very small.
(5) The water absorption of the wood-plastic composite board increases along with the increase of time, and the use of the polymer film prevents water from entering the board, so that the water absorption of the board is reduced, and the water absorption speed is slowed down. For example, the polypropylene wood-plastic composite board can reach a state of water absorption saturation after the time exceeds 45 minutes. Water absorption rate size arrangement: 5X 8 interlaced 1 film > nonporous interlaced two films.
(6) The composite board prepared by using 2 polypropylene films has the best impact strength of 3.43GPa and the lowest water absorption rate of 4.18 percent, which is far lower than the water absorption rate (30.5 percent) of log bark.
The wood-plastic composite material has excellent mechanical property, good dimensional stability, difficult cracking, zero formaldehyde and other excellent properties. Under the advocacy of green production, green trip and green life in the current country, the wood-plastic composite board accords with the sustainable development goal. At present, a lot of research on wood-plastic composite materials is carried out in China, and various wood-plastic composite boards are also applied in various fields. However, some fields are not applied, the understanding of the wood-plastic composite material is possibly insufficient, the popularization rate of the novel material is not high, and the simplification and the performance optimization of the manufacturing method can be expected to contribute little strength to the understanding of the wood-plastic composite material through my subject experiment. At present, waste recycling and recycling are also hot topics, and the polypropylene wood-plastic composite board has the characteristic of recycling, thereby playing a role in saving resources, protecting the environment and responding to the national call. The cost is low, the manufacturing is simple, the performance is good, the price is low in sales, the performance is good, and the method can be widely accepted and used.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the wood-plastic composite board is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, carrying out microporation treatment on the clean veneer, wherein the micropore size is 0.05-0.5mm 2 The pore density is 250-4000m -2 ；
Step two, taking out the slab assembly in the vacuum drying oven, and adjusting parameters of the hot press;
thirdly, placing the slab into a first layer of a hot press, opening a lifting button, opening a timer after lifting is completed, and pressing;
fourthly, taking out the pressed slab after timing, putting the slab into a second layer of the hot press, turning on a water tap to press a cooling switch, and then pressing a rising button again, and timing for not less than 90 seconds after rising;
fifthly, pressing a descending button in a timing way, and taking out the pressed plate after descending; after the slabs with different conditions are combined, the composite plate after being pressed is obtained according to the first step to the fourth step; under the pressure of a weight gland not lower than 3000N/m 2 Naturally cooling;
the method for preparing the wood-plastic composite board comprises the steps of placing wood chips on a die, cutting polymer films, laying the polymer films on the wood chips, and repairing the cut corner films at gaps of the wood chips; placing the combined blank into a vacuum drying oven, setting the temperature to be a certain temperature between the softening point temperature and the viscous flow temperature of the corresponding polymer, and standing for 100min, wherein the wood chips are formed by cutting and sawing wood veneers.
2. The method for manufacturing a wood-plastic composite panel according to claim 1, wherein the lowermost and uppermost surfaces of the wood-plastic composite panel are brushed with liquid paraffin oil.
3. The method for preparing the wood-plastic composite board according to claim 1, wherein the conventional adhesive is replaced by a polymer, and the polymer comprises polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride.
4. The method for manufacturing a wood-plastic composite panel according to claim 1, wherein the pressing temperature in the third step is a viscous flow temperature, the pre-pressing time is 65s, and the pressing time is 10min.
5. The method for preparing a wood-plastic composite panel according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the polymer film comprises: taking polymer particles in a beaker, weighing 7.5-12g of the particles, and paving the particles on a mirror surface die to form a circle; the hot-press forming machine is started, the power supply is started, the oil pressure is started, the temperature is regulated to the corresponding viscous flow temperature of the polymer, then the mirror surface die is placed into the hot-press forming machine, after the rising button is started to rise completely, the timing button is started, the timing is completed to automatically descend, the die is taken out and placed on the lower layer, the timing is closed, cooling is started, the die descends again after 60 seconds of rising, and the mirror surface die is taken out, so that the round film with the thickness of 0.35mm can be obtained.
6. The method for manufacturing a wood-plastic composite panel according to claim 5, wherein the polymer film is manufactured at a viscous flow temperature and a pressure of 30t.
7. The method for preparing the wood-plastic composite board according to claim 6, wherein the technological parameters for preparing the polypropylene film are 180 ℃ in temperature, 65s in prepressing time, 45s in pressurizing time and 60s in cooling time.
8. A formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite panel prepared by the method of preparing a wood-plastic composite panel according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A fishing boat deck, characterized in that the fishing boat deck is the formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite board of claim 8.
10. A railway sleeper characterized in that the railway sleeper is the formaldehyde-free wood-plastic composite board according to claim 8.
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| KR200260326Y1 (en) * | 2001-10-23 | 2002-01-10 | 장욱조 | A thin skin plate and midium plate crossing the laminated wood |
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