CN114101688A - Preparation method of stainless steel component - Google Patents

Preparation method of stainless steel component Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114101688A
CN114101688A CN202111290257.1A CN202111290257A CN114101688A CN 114101688 A CN114101688 A CN 114101688A CN 202111290257 A CN202111290257 A CN 202111290257A CN 114101688 A CN114101688 A CN 114101688A
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stainless steel
range
preset
treatment
steel component
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Inventor
同立军
杨欢庆
彭东剑
周亚雄
王云
白瑞兴
王小波
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Xian Aerospace Engine Co Ltd
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Xian Aerospace Engine Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0848Melting process before atomisation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a stainless steel structural member, which comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary electrode atomization powder preparation treatment on the stainless steel bar to obtain metal powder; carrying out selective laser melting forming treatment on the metal powder to obtain a stainless steel component; and sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, cold treatment and aging treatment on the stainless steel component to obtain the target stainless steel component with the shape and the mechanical property meeting preset conditions. The preparation method of the stainless steel structural member provided by the embodiment of the application can be used for efficiently and conveniently manufacturing the complex and precise stainless steel structural member.

Description

Preparation method of stainless steel component
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel.
Background
The 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel is Fe-Cr-Ni-based maraging stainless steel, has excellent strength, ductility, toughness and corrosion resistance, and good oxidation resistance at low temperature, and is a key raw material for the research and development of core complex components such as turbine pump housings, valve housings, gas cylinder supports and the like of aerospace liquid power systems with large thrust tonnage in China.
The 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel liquid has a solid phase transformation temperature of 120-160 ℃, is a wide-crystallization difficult-to-process material, is formed by adopting an investment precision casting method at present, has high difficulty in internal quality control, is easy to have the defects of component segregation, shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity, cracks, insufficient pouring and the like particularly when the characteristic thickness of a component changes obviously, and has low yield, high cost and long production period.
Therefore, at present, the preparation method of the 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel component is urgently needed by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a stainless steel component preparation scheme, which can efficiently and conveniently manufacture a complex and precise stainless steel component.
Specifically, the invention discloses a preparation method of a stainless steel component, wherein the method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary electrode atomization powder preparation treatment on the stainless steel bar to obtain metal powder; carrying out selective laser melting forming treatment on the metal powder to obtain a stainless steel component; and sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, cold treatment and aging treatment on the stainless steel component to obtain the target stainless steel component with the shape and the mechanical property meeting preset conditions.
Optionally, the stainless steel bar is 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel.
Optionally, the particle size range of the metal powder is 15 μm to 53 μm.
Optionally, when the stainless steel bar is subjected to rotary atomization powder making treatment, the atomization gas is argon, the electrode rotation speed is 20000r/min to 35000r/min, the plasma gun heating power is 100kW to 150kW, and the argon flow is 150L/min to 200L/min.
Optionally, the stainless steel rod has a finish machining diameter ranging from 40mm to 90mm and a length ranging from 500mm to 1000 mm.
Optionally, the process parameters of the selective laser melting and forming treatment are as follows: the laser power range is 295-360W, the scanning speed range is 850-1200 mm/s, the scanning interval range is 0.08-0.12 mm, the spot diameter range is 0.10-0.12 mm, and the powder layer thickness range is 0.03-0.06 mm.
Optionally, the step of solution treating the stainless steel member includes: and placing the formed stainless steel component in a vacuum environment with a first preset pressure, heating to a first preset temperature at a first preset speed, keeping the temperature for a first preset time, and inflating the gas to cool.
Optionally, the step of cold-treating the stainless steel member includes: and after the solid-solution stainless steel component is placed in a low-temperature medium at a second preset temperature for a second preset time, the stainless steel component is placed in the air and is recovered to the room temperature.
Optionally, the step of aging the stainless steel component comprises: and after the stainless steel in the solid solution cold treatment state is placed in a vacuum environment with second preset pressure and third preset temperature for a third preset time, the gas is returned for cooling.
Optionally, both the first preset pressure and the second preset pressure are less than or equal to 10-3Pa, wherein the first preset rate range is 50 ℃/h-70 ℃/h, the first preset temperature range is 730-820 ℃, and the first preset time range is 1 h-2 h; the second preset temperature range is-70 ℃ to-80 ℃, and the second preset time range is 1.5h to 3 h; the third preset temperature range is 550 ℃ +/-50 ℃, and the third preset temperature range isThe time range is 2 h-6 h.
According to the preparation method of the stainless steel component disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the stainless steel rod is subjected to rotary electrode atomization powder preparation treatment to obtain metal powder; carrying out selective laser melting forming treatment on the metal powder to obtain a stainless steel component; the stainless steel component is subjected to solid solution, cold treatment and aging treatment in sequence to obtain the target stainless steel component with the shape and the mechanical property meeting preset conditions, and the complex and precise stainless steel component can be efficiently and conveniently manufactured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of a method for making a stainless steel component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a high-strength selenium-free drum valve housing of a liquid rocket engine provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a stainless steel member according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
step 101: and (4) carrying out rotary electrode atomization powder preparation treatment on the stainless steel bar to obtain metal powder.
The material of the stainless steel bar is flexibly selected according to the material of the stainless steel component to be manufactured, for example, the stainless steel component to be manufactured is 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel, and then the 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel bar is subjected to rotary electrode atomization powder-making treatment in the step. In the present embodiment, a description will be given of an example in which a stainless steel bar is 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel.
In an optional embodiment, when the stainless steel bar is subjected to rotary atomization powder making treatment, the stainless steel bar is subjected to finish machining, the diameter range is 40 mm-90 mm, the atomization gas with the length range of 500 mm-1000 mm is argon, the electrode rotation speed is 20000 r/min-35000 r/min, the plasma gun heating power is 100 kW-150 kW, the argon flow is 150L/min-200L/min, and the particle size range of the metal powder subjected to rotary electrode atomization powder making treatment can be 15 μm-53 μm. The metal powder after the atomization treatment of the rotating electrode is high-strength stainless steel special spherical powder.
It should be noted that, the above parameters are only exemplary, and in the actual implementation process, a person skilled in the art can flexibly set the specific parameter values of the parameters according to actual requirements.
Step 102: and carrying out selective laser melting forming treatment on the metal powder to obtain the stainless steel component.
The technological parameters of the selective laser melting and forming treatment can be set as follows: the laser power range is 295-360W, the scanning speed range is 850-1200 mm/s, the scanning interval range is 0.08-0.12 mm, the spot diameter range is 0.10-0.12 mm, and the powder layer thickness range is 0.03-0.06 mm.
It should be noted that, the above parameters are only exemplary, and in the actual implementation process, a person skilled in the art can flexibly set the specific parameter values of the parameters according to actual requirements.
Step 103: and sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, cold treatment and aging treatment on the stainless steel component to obtain the target stainless steel component with the shape and the mechanical property meeting preset conditions.
An alternative way of solution treating the stainless steel member may be: and (3) placing the formed stainless steel component subjected to selective laser melting forming treatment into a vacuum environment with a first preset pressure, heating to a first preset temperature at a first preset speed, keeping the temperature for a first preset time, and returning the gas to cool.
An alternative way of cold treating the stainless steel member may be: and after the solid-solution stainless steel component is placed in a low-temperature medium at a second preset temperature for a second preset time, the stainless steel component is placed in the air and is recovered to the room temperature.
An alternative way to age the stainless steel component may be: and after the stainless steel in the solid solution cold treatment state is placed in a vacuum environment with second preset pressure and third preset temperature for a third preset time, the gas is returned for cooling.
Wherein the first preset pressure and the second preset pressure are both less than or equal to 10-3Pa, the first preset speed range is 50 ℃/h-70 ℃/h, the first preset temperature range is 730 ℃ -820 ℃, and the first preset time range is 1 h-2 h; the second preset temperature range is-70 ℃ to-80 ℃, and the second preset time range is 1.5h to 3 h; the third preset temperature range is 550 +/-50 ℃, and the third preset time range is 2-6 h.
The above parameters are only exemplary examples, and in the actual implementation process, a person skilled in the art can flexibly set the specific parameter values of the parameters according to actual requirements.
According to the preparation method of the stainless steel component, on one hand, the formed component of 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel through selective laser melting is obtained, the forming density of the component material is not lower than 99.9%, and the direct forming size precision of the component meets +/-0.1 mm/100 mm; in a second aspect, Rm is not less than 1250N/mm at room temperature after heat treatment of the sample in the same furnace2Rp0.2 is not less than 1150N/mm2A is not less than 10%, Z is not less than 40%, and KU2 is not less than 55J; at the temperature of minus 196 ℃, KU2 is not less than 35J, the comprehensive performance of the material is obviously improved compared with the casting process, and the material has wide application range; in a third aspect, the method can be widely applied to the manufacturing of aerospace hydrodynamic engines and other complex core components, and can realize the rapid manufacturing and direct manufacturing of 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel complex precision components.
The following describes a method for manufacturing a stainless steel member according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to specific examples.
In concrete example 1, a standard sample of phi 13mm x 71mm was formed as an example.
The selective laser melting forming method for 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel in the specific example 1 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary electrode atomization powder preparation by using 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel bars to obtain metal powder with the particle size range of 15-53 mu m;
step two: carrying out selective laser melting forming on the powder obtained in the first step, wherein a forming parameter, laser power 295W, scanning speed of 1000mm/s, scanning interval of 0.10mm, light spot diameter of 0.10mm and powder layer spreading thickness of 0.04mm are adopted to obtain a 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel standard sample forming part;
step three: carrying out solid solution, cold treatment and aging treatment on the sample formed piece obtained in the step two;
step four: the main size of the sample is detected by a vernier caliper, the measured value of the main size of the sample is 70.94-70.96 mm, the forming precision is 0.08mm/100mm, and the requirement is met; judging the density of the sample by adopting a metallographic method, wherein the density is 99.93 percent and more than 99.9 percent under a field of view of 50 times; mechanical property tests were performed and the results are shown in table 1: the performance test value of the 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel sample meets the technical index requirements:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003334629940000051
Specific example 2
The preparation of a high-strength stainless steel valve shell of a certain type of liquid rocket engine is taken as an example for explanation.
The selective laser melting forming method for 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel in the specific example 2 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary electrode atomization powder preparation by using 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel bars to obtain metal powder with the particle size range of 15-53 mu m, wherein the mass of the powder is 400 kg;
step two: and (3) performing selective laser melting forming on the powder obtained in the first step, and obtaining a 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel valve shell by adopting forming parameters, wherein the laser power is 315W, the scanning speed is 960mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.11m, the spot diameter is 0.10mm, and the powder spreading layer thickness is 0.04mm, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the high-strength non-selenium drum valve shell of a certain type of liquid rocket engine to be formed.
Step three: carrying out solid solution treatment, cold treatment and aging treatment on the valve shell forming piece obtained in the step two;
step four: detecting the main size of the sample by using a vernier caliper, wherein the direct forming size precision of the component meets +/-0.07 mm/100 mm; judging the density of the sample in the same furnace of the product by adopting a metallographic method, wherein the density is 99.96% under a field of view of 50 times; mechanical property tests were performed and the results are shown in table 2: the performance test value of the high-strength stainless steel valve shell of a certain type of liquid rocket engine meets the technical index requirements of model products:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003334629940000061
In conclusion, the forming density of the component material of the 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel complex component prepared by the laser selective melting additive manufacturing method is not lower than 99.9%; the direct forming size precision of the component meets +/-0.1 mm/100 mm; at normal temperature, Rm is not less than 1250N/mm2Rp0.2 is not less than 1150N/mm2A is not less than 10%, Z is not less than 40%, and KU2 is not less than 55J; at the temperature of minus 196 ℃, KU2 is not less than 35J, and the requirements of strength and plasticity of 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high-strength stainless steel can be met.
It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details of the invention not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.

Claims (10)

1. A method of making a stainless steel component, the method comprising:
carrying out rotary electrode atomization powder preparation treatment on the stainless steel bar to obtain metal powder;
carrying out selective laser melting forming treatment on the metal powder to obtain a stainless steel component;
and sequentially carrying out solid solution treatment, cold treatment and aging treatment on the stainless steel component to obtain the target stainless steel component with the shape and the mechanical property meeting preset conditions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stainless steel bar is 03Cr11Ni9Co6Mo3 high strength stainless steel.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder has a particle size in the range of 15 μm to 53 μm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the stainless steel bar is subjected to rotary atomization powder making treatment, the atomization gas is argon, the electrode rotating speed is 20000 r/min-35000 r/min, the heating power of a plasma gun is 100 kW-150 kW, and the argon flow is 150L/min-200L/min.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the diameter range of the stainless steel bar is 40 mm-90 mm, and the length range is 500 mm-1000 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the technological parameters of the selective laser melting and forming treatment are as follows: the laser power range is 295-360W, the scanning speed range is 850-1200 mm/s, the scanning interval range is 0.08-0.12 mm, the spot diameter range is 0.10-0.12 mm, and the powder layer thickness range is 0.03-0.06 mm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of solution treating the stainless steel member comprises:
and placing the formed stainless steel component in a vacuum environment with a first preset pressure, heating to a first preset temperature at a first preset speed, keeping the temperature for a first preset time, and inflating the gas to cool.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of cold treating the stainless steel member comprises:
and after the solid-solution stainless steel component is placed in a low-temperature medium at a second preset temperature for a second preset time, the stainless steel component is placed in the air and is recovered to the room temperature.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of aging the stainless steel component comprises:
and after the stainless steel in the solid solution cold treatment state is placed in a vacuum environment with second preset pressure and third preset temperature for a third preset time, the gas is returned for cooling.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the first preset pressure and the second preset pressure are both less than or equal to 10-3Pa, wherein the first preset rate range is 50 ℃/h-70 ℃/h, the first preset temperature range is 730-820 ℃, and the first preset time range is 1 h-2 h; the second preset temperature range is-70 ℃ to-80 ℃, and the second preset time range is 1.5h to 3 h; the third preset temperature range is 550 ℃ +/-50 ℃, and the third preset time range is 2-6 h.
CN202111290257.1A 2021-11-02 2021-11-02 Preparation method of stainless steel component Pending CN114101688A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108265236A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-07-10 西安航天发动机有限公司 A kind of 06Cr14Ni7Mo stainless steel materials and its manufacturing process
CN112609052A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-04-06 西安航天发动机有限公司 Selective laser melting forming high-strength stainless steel heat treatment method suitable for low-temperature working condition

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108265236A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-07-10 西安航天发动机有限公司 A kind of 06Cr14Ni7Mo stainless steel materials and its manufacturing process
CN112609052A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-04-06 西安航天发动机有限公司 Selective laser melting forming high-strength stainless steel heat treatment method suitable for low-temperature working condition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
赵吉宾: "《激光沉积成形增材制造技术》", 华中科学技术大学出版社 *

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