CN114101580A - Casting deformation horizon correction method - Google Patents
Casting deformation horizon correction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114101580A CN114101580A CN202111299831.XA CN202111299831A CN114101580A CN 114101580 A CN114101580 A CN 114101580A CN 202111299831 A CN202111299831 A CN 202111299831A CN 114101580 A CN114101580 A CN 114101580A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
- B22C7/023—Patterns made from expanded plastic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
- B22C21/12—Accessories
- B22C21/14—Accessories for reinforcing or securing moulding materials or cores, e.g. gaggers, chaplets, pins, bars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a casting deformation horizon correction method, which is a simple, convenient and low-cost operation method for obtaining a casting with the edge size meeting the requirement by judging an indentation generated by the falling of a sand box and a pre-scraped sand plane before the cover box is molded, changing the contact state of the sand plane and the bottom surface of the sand box and a series of technical treatment by combining the actual measurement condition of a parting surface of a plastic mold, and correcting the deformation of the plastic mold.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of full mold casting, and particularly discloses a casting deformation horizon correction method.
Background
Casting deformation needs to be corrected through annealing, sometimes, a plurality of times of annealing correction are needed to meet the requirements of users, some castings even can be scrapped (the loss amount of each casting is more than 5 ten thousand), the labor amount of workers in the stage is increased, the operation environment is severe (the temperature of charging and discharging an annealing kiln is high), the cost is increased (the average consumption of natural gas per furnace is about 6000 yuan), meanwhile, the delivery period of the casting is prolonged by 3 to 5 days, even longer, and strong complaints are made by customers, so that the casting deformation prevention is a more key operation process.
Researches show that the main reasons for the deformation of the casting are as follows: in the production process of cast products, the uneven ground for molding and heat preservation is not in tight contact with the bottom of the sand box, the plastic mold is pressed and deformed during iron pressing, and the cast products generated by injecting molten iron into the deformed plastic mold are deformed inevitably, so that the problem of how to eliminate the technical defects is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a casting deformation horizon correction method aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, which is a simple, convenient and low-cost operation method for obtaining a casting with the edge size meeting the requirements by judging an indentation generated by the falling of a sand box and a pre-scraped sand plane before the cover box molding, changing the contact state of the sand plane and the bottom surface of the sand box and a series of technical treatments by combining the actual measurement condition of a parting surface of a plastic mold and correcting the deformation.
The invention discloses a casting deformation horizon correction method, which comprises the following steps,
s1, paving dry sand on the ground of the area where the heat preservation box is placed to form a sand layer, ensuring that the upper end surface of the sand layer is a horizontal plane, and ensuring that the projection area of the sand layer in the horizontal plane is larger than that of the sand box in the horizontal plane;
s2, completing the lower part modeling of the casting mold in the sand box at the sand mixer, turning the sand box, placing the turned sand box on a sand layer, lifting the sand box away from the sand layer for a period of time, observing the indentation of the upper end surface of the sand layer, and when the indentation depth is less than or equal to 5mm, determining that the indentation is a qualified indentation;
s3, increasing or reducing dry sand on the surface of the sand layer based on whether the indentation is qualified, and ensuring that the contact rate delta of the sand box and the sand layer is more than 90 percent, wherein the contact rate delta of the sand box and the sand layer is the projection area of the qualified indentation in the horizontal plane/the projection area of the sand layer in the horizontal plane;
s4, placing the sand box on the sand layer meeting the requirement of S3, placing a fixed equal-height block at each of the four corners of the parting surface of the model of the sand box, arranging a tension rope parallel to the horizontal plane between the two equal-height blocks positioned on the diagonal, arranging a plurality of equidistant measuring points on the tension rope, placing a movable equal-height block between the tension rope and the sand layer,moving the movable equal-height blocks to different measuring points to obtain the distance h between the movable equal-height blocks and the tensioning rope, and when h is reached1＜h＜h2If so, the measuring point is qualified; arranging a tensioning line parallel to the horizontal plane between two equal-height blocks in the length direction of the sand box, arranging a plurality of equidistant measuring points on the tensioning line, placing movable equal-height blocks between the tensioning line and the sand layer, moving the movable equal-height blocks to different measuring points to obtain the distance h between the movable equal-height blocks and the tensioning line, and when h is reached1＜h＜h2If so, the measuring point is qualified;
s5, increasing or decreasing dry sand on the surface of the sand layer corresponding to the measuring points based on the distance h between the measuring points, so that h1＜h＜h2；
And S5, marking the lower molding position of the mold on the sand layer, marking the direction on the sand box, hoisting the sand box to the sand mixer to finish the upper molding of the mold in the sand box, and fixing the finished sand box on the sand layer by using the position mark on the sand layer and the direction mark on the sand box as references after the molding is finished.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the movable contour block and the fixed contour block have the same shape, the fixed contour block includes a cubic base, and both the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the base are horizontal reference surfaces.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, when the indentation depth of the lower molding surface of the mold is 0mm, the indentation depth of the lower molding surface of the mold is equal to or less than 5mm after adding part of the dry sand; when the indentation depth of a certain position of the contact surface of the lower molding of the casting mold and the sand layer is more than 5mm, part of dry sand needs to be scraped off at the position, and the indentation depth of the position after part of the dry sand is scraped off is ensured to be less than or equal to 5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, h1-1mm, the tensile cord being located below the upper end face of the base.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, h21mm, the tensioning cord is located above the upper end face of the base.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when a test is performedH of the measurement point is less than h1In the process, part of dry sand needs to be added on the sand layer plane of the measuring point, and the leveling of the sand layer is completed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when h is greater than h at a measurement point2In the process, partial dry sand needs to be scraped on the sand layer plane of the measuring point, and the leveling of the sand layer is completed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one measuring point is provided every 600mm in S4.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, the flask is tightened by wedges arranged along its periphery.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the distance between two adjacent wedges is not more than 1.5 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method of the invention achieves the plastic mold for correcting deformation by judging the indentation generated by the falling of the sand box and the sand plane scraped in advance before the cover box is molded and combining the actual measurement condition of the parting surface of the plastic mold, changing the contact state of the sand plane and the bottom surface of the sand box and a series of technical treatments, thereby obtaining the casting with the edge outline size meeting the requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a contour block of a casting distortion horizon correction method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a contour block of a casting distortion horizon correction method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a contour block of a casting distortion horizon correction method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the equal-height blocks of the casting deformation horizon correction method;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the detection state of the casting deformation horizon correction method of the invention;
in the figure: 1-a reference plane; 2-tensioning the cord; 3-small holes; 10-indentation; 11-dry sand; 12-a sand box; 13-fixing equal-height blocks; 14-active contour blocks; 15-height difference; 16-a planar recessed area on the model; 17-a model; 18-mold bottom sag; 19-the sand box is bent downwards due to the untight combination of the bottom of the sand box and the ground; 20-parting plane.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail, including the preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of illustration of some alternative embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Further, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The invention discloses a casting deformation horizon correction method, which comprises the following steps,
s1, paving dry sand on the ground of the area where the heat preservation box is placed to form a sand layer, ensuring that the upper end surface of the sand layer is a horizontal plane, and ensuring that the projection area of the sand layer in the horizontal plane is larger than that of the sand box (the side length of each side of the sand layer is about 200mm larger than that of each side of the sand box);
s2, completing the lower part modeling of the casting mold in the sand box at the sand mixer, turning the sand box, placing the turned sand box on a sand layer, lifting the sand box away from the sand layer for a period of time, observing the indentation of the upper end surface of the sand layer, and when the indentation depth is less than or equal to 5mm, determining that the indentation is a qualified indentation;
s3, increasing or reducing dry sand on the surface of the sand layer based on whether the indentation is qualified, and ensuring that the contact rate delta of the sand box and the sand layer is more than 90 percent, wherein the contact rate delta of the sand box and the sand layer is the projection area of the qualified indentation in the horizontal plane/the projection area of the sand layer in the horizontal plane;
s4, placing the sand box on a sand layer meeting the requirement of S3, placing a fixed equal-height block at each of four corners of a mould parting surface of the sand box, arranging a tension rope parallel to a horizontal plane between two equal-height blocks positioned on a diagonal, arranging a plurality of equidistant measuring points on the tension rope, placing a movable equal-height block between the tension rope and the sand layer, moving the movable equal-height block to different measuring points to obtain the distance h between the movable equal-height block and the tension rope, and when h is reached1＜h＜h2If so, the measuring point is qualified; two located in the length direction of the sand boxArranging a tension cord parallel to the horizontal plane between the equal-height blocks, arranging a plurality of equidistant measuring points on the tension cord, placing movable equal-height blocks between the tension cord and the sand layer, moving the movable equal-height blocks to different measuring points to obtain the distance h between the movable equal-height blocks and the tension cord, and when h is reached1＜h＜h2If so, the measuring point is qualified;
s5, increasing or decreasing dry sand on the surface of the sand layer corresponding to the measuring points based on the distance h between the measuring points, so that h1＜h＜h2；
And S5, marking the lower molding position of the mold on the sand layer, marking the direction on the sand box, hoisting the sand box to the sand mixer to finish the upper molding of the mold in the sand box, and fixing the finished sand box on the sand layer by using the position mark on the sand layer and the direction mark on the sand box as references after the molding is finished.
Preferably, in S2, four equal-length steel cables are required to stably hoist the sand box, so as to prevent the sand box from tilting and causing deformation of the sand layer.
Preferably, S2 and S3 are repeated at least 3-5 times, so that the contact rate delta between the sand box and the sand layer is more than 90%.
Preferably, the movable contour block and the fixed contour block have the same shape, the fixed contour block comprises a cubic base body, and both the upper end face and the lower end face of the base body are horizontal reference faces.
Preferably, the movable equal-height block and the fixed equal-height block are both cast by aluminum alloy and manufactured into a special gauge with a specific shape by a machining method, so that the requirement of the field production process is met. The upper plane and the lower plane are two reference planes 1, the two reference planes 1 have certain precision during machining, every 5 equal-height blocks form a group (1 movable equal-height block +4 fixed equal-height blocks), the height error requirement is within a certain range when the 5 equal-height blocks are matched with each other, and otherwise, the use precision requirement cannot be met. Two ends of each two tensioning ropes 2 with specific diameters are tied to the positions of the small holes 3 of the equal-height blocks respectively, and the two tensioning ropes are unfolded when in use, wound on the equal-height blocks after being used and folded for convenient storage.
Preferably, in S3, when the indentation depth of a certain position of the contact surface of the lower molding of the mold and the sand layer is 0mm, the position needs to add part of the dry sand, and the indentation depth of the position is less than or equal to 5mm after the part of the dry sand is added; when the indentation depth of a certain position of the contact surface of the lower molding of the casting mold and the sand layer is more than 5mm, part of dry sand needs to be scraped off at the position, and the indentation depth of the position after part of the dry sand is scraped off is ensured to be less than or equal to 5 mm.
Preferably, in S4, the diagonal line measuring step includes: a mold drag parting plane A, D of the flask; C. one person is arranged at each position B, the lower plane of the equal-height block is pressed at the position where the parting surface of the model is relatively flat, the cord is tightly attached to the upper plane of the equal-height block, the cord is tensioned, the other person holds the other equal-height block and plugs into the measuring point position (measuring points must be arranged at intervals of 600 MM), the gap between the cord and the upper plane of the equal-height block is observed, and the smaller the gap is, the smaller the deformation is;
the fine tuning step comprises:
1. the sand consumption does not exceed 5kg) when the first time is that the wire is pressed on the wire, the wire is required to be pressed on the first time when the wire is exchanged.
2. Plastic mold length direction A, B; C. d two flange face measurements are also taken at one measurement point every 600mm (note that two cords must be tensioned during the measurement).
3. And measuring that if the model is found to be sunken and a proper amount of dry sand is reduced on the corresponding sand plane, the proper amount of dry sand is scraped on the corresponding sand plane by the bulge, and then the steps 2-3 are repeated until the requirements are met (the diagonal lines are overlapped, and the deformation of the flange surface is less than plus or minus one).
Preferably, h1-1mm, the tensile cord being located below the upper end face of the base.
Preferably, h21mm, the tensioning cord is located above the upper end face of the base.
Preferably, when h < h for a certain measurement point1In the process, part of dry sand needs to be added on the sand layer plane of the measuring point, and the leveling of the sand layer is completed.
Preferably, when h of a certain measurement point is larger than h2When the sand layer is in the measuring point, the part of the sand layer is scraped offAnd (5) drying the sand, and finishing leveling the sand layer.
Preferably, in S4, at least one measuring point is provided every 600 mm.
Preferably, in S5, the flask is tightened by wedges arranged along its circumference.
Preferably, the operation of setting a wedge for tightening every 1.5M from one corner of the sand box is completed, and the deformation is corrected.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and any modification, combination, replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention is included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A casting deformation horizon correction method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, paving dry sand on the ground of the area where the heat preservation box is placed to form a sand layer, ensuring that the upper end surface of the sand layer is a horizontal plane, and ensuring that the projection area of the sand layer in the horizontal plane is larger than that of the sand box in the horizontal plane;
s2, completing the lower part modeling of the casting mold at a sand mixer and turning the casting mold, placing the turned lower part modeling of the casting mold on a sand layer, hanging the lower part modeling of the casting mold away from the sand layer for a period of time, observing an indentation of the upper end surface of the sand layer, and when the indentation depth is less than or equal to 5mm, determining the indentation as a qualified indentation;
s3, increasing or reducing dry sand on the surface of the sand layer based on whether the indentation is qualified, ensuring that the contact rate delta of the sand box and the sand layer is more than 90%, and ensuring that the contact rate delta of the sand box and the sand layer is equal to the projection area of the qualified indentation in the horizontal plane/the projection area of the sand layer in the horizontal plane;
s4, placing the lower part of the casting mould on a sand layer meeting the requirement of S3, placing a fixed equal-height block at each of four corners of the parting surface of the mould of the sand box, arranging a tension rope parallel to the horizontal plane between two equal-height blocks positioned on the diagonal, arranging a plurality of equidistant measuring points on the tension rope, placing a movable equal-height block between the tension rope and the sand layer, moving the movable equal-height block to different measuring points to obtain the movable equal-height block and the tension rope between the movable equal-height block and the tension ropeA distance h when1＜h＜h2If so, the measuring point is qualified; arranging a tensioning line parallel to the horizontal plane between two equal-height blocks in the length direction of the sand box, arranging a plurality of equidistant measuring points on the tensioning line, placing movable equal-height blocks between the tensioning line and the sand layer, moving the movable equal-height blocks to different measuring points to obtain the distance h between the movable equal-height blocks and the tensioning line, and when h is reached1＜h＜h2If so, the measuring point is qualified;
s5, increasing or decreasing dry sand on the surface of the sand layer corresponding to the measuring points based on the distance h between the measuring points, so that h1＜h＜h2；
And S5, marking the position of the lower part of the casting mould on the sand layer, marking the direction on the lower part of the casting mould, hoisting the lower part of the casting mould to a sand mixer to finish the upper part of the casting mould, and placing the finished casting mould on the sand layer to be fixed by using the position mark on the sand layer and the direction on the lower part of the casting mould as the reference after the upper part of the casting mould is finished.
2. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: the movable equal-height block and the fixed equal-height block are identical in shape, the fixed equal-height block comprises a cubic base body, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the base body are both horizontal reference faces.
3. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: in S3, when the indentation depth of a certain position of the contact surface of the lower molding of the casting mold and the sand layer is 0mm, part of dry sand needs to be added at the position, and the indentation depth of the position is ensured to be less than or equal to 5mm after part of dry sand is added; when the indentation depth of a certain position of the contact surface of the lower molding of the casting mold and the sand layer is more than 5mm, part of dry sand needs to be scraped off at the position, and the indentation depth of the position after part of the dry sand is scraped off is ensured to be less than or equal to 5 mm.
4. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: h is1-1mm, the tensile cord being located below the upper end face of the base.
5. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: h is21mm, the tensioning cord is located above the upper end face of the base.
6. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 5, characterized in that: when h of a certain measuring point is less than h1In the process, part of dry sand needs to be added on the sand layer plane of the measuring point, and the leveling of the sand layer is completed.
7. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: when h of a certain measuring point is larger than h2In the process, partial dry sand needs to be scraped on the sand layer plane of the measuring point, and the leveling of the sand layer is completed.
8. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: in S4, a measurement point is set at least every 600 mm.
9. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 1, characterized in that: in S5, the flask is tightened by wedges arranged along its periphery.
10. The casting deformation horizon correction method of claim 9, characterized in that: the distance between two adjacent wedges is not more than 1.5 m.
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