CN114100533B - Self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01J13/0052—Preparation of gels
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol to prepare an interpenetrating network polymer, and then mutually combining a wooden material and the polymer to prepare the photo-thermal wood-based hydrogel material; the wooden material is subjected to surface treatment on the basswood through high-temperature burning of a spray gun, so that the sunlight absorptivity on the surface of the basswood is improved, the hydrogel photo-thermal material is filled in a natural pore canal of the basswood, the energy required by evaporation is reduced while the rapid water delivery of the evaporator is ensured, the evaporation enthalpy change is reduced, and the efficient water production is realized. The hydrogel material has simple preparation process and wide application prospect in the fields of sewage treatment, sea water desalination and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion, and particularly relates to a self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Since the first industrial revolution, human society has rapidly progressed, but the water resource crisis and environmental pollution problems have increased. Although water resources occupy 71% of the earth's surface area, fresh water resources available to humans account for only 4% of the total water, and fresh water shortage is becoming a serious global problem. Due to the fact that the solar energy resources are abundant, the solar photo-thermal evaporation technology is used for effectively utilizing the seawater and sewage resources, and the serious problem of insufficient fresh water resources is relieved undoubtedly. In order to accelerate the development and practical application of solar photo-thermal evaporation technology, functional materials are designed to improve photo-thermal conversion efficiency, optimize thermal management and strive to improve practical evaporation rate.
To date, photothermal materials for solar interfacial evaporation are classified into several classes, including plasma metal, semiconductor, carbon-based, biomass-based, and polymer-based materials. In particular biomass-based materials offer a sustainable alternative for water and energy applications, where wood and wood-derived materials are of great research interest to researchers. Wood, which is an excellent natural porous substrate, has multiple length scale pores and channels. The unique layered porous structure and its lightweight construction provide an ideal platform for solar steam generation for the production of evaporators that are sustainable, economical and efficient.
It is well known that hydrogels are cross-linked polymer network structural materials that physically and chemically interact with water molecules to achieve efficient water absorption and thermal insulation. And it has highly adjustable physicochemical properties, and can adjust light absorption properties by changing the composition. Therefore, the composition and structure of the hydrogel are reasonably designed, the synergistic effects of high-efficiency light absorption, rapid water transmission and heat insulation are realized, and the possibility of using the hydrogel as a solar evaporator is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal material. The invention aims to provide a preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal material. The invention also aims to provide the application of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal material in efficient photo-thermal water evaporation and dye pollutant adsorption. The material has outstanding light absorptivity, photothermal steam conversion, salt tolerance and adsorption performance.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator comprises the steps of mixing chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol to prepare interpenetrating network polymers, and then mutually combining a wooden material and the polymers to prepare the photo-thermal wood-based hydrogel material; the wooden material is bassal wood subjected to surface treatment by burning through a spray gun. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Slicing Bassa wood, uniformly roasting one surface by using spray gun flame at 1300 ℃, and immediately immersing into deionized water.
(2) Respectively preparing acetic acid solution, chitosan water solution, polyvinyl alcohol water solution and glutaraldehyde solution;
(3) Mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solution obtained in the step (2) with the chitosan solution, and putting the mixture into a magneton to be uniformly stirred at a low speed to form a precursor solution;
(4) Adding the treated basswood into a precursor solution, stirring at a low speed, and carrying out vacuum suction filtration to enable the precursor solution to enter a basswood pore channel; then, slowly dripping glutaraldehyde solution into the precursor solution, and stirring at a low speed; after the sample is completely gelled, the hydrogel is obtained through the process of circulating freezing and thawing; finally, the hydrogel wood composite structure is cut out along the outline of the wood chip.
According to the preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator, chitosan is added into acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1wt%, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed until the chitosan solution is completely dissolved, so that the chitosan solution is obtained; the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 5wt%.
The preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator comprises the steps of adding polyvinyl alcohol into hot deionized water, heating in a water bath at 100 ℃, and stirring at a high speed until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 10wt%, and the alcoholysis degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 87.0%.
The preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator comprises the step of preparing glutaraldehyde solution with a mass concentration of 4%.
The preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator comprises the steps of mixing a polyvinyl alcohol solution, a chitosan solution and a glutaraldehyde solution in a mass ratio of 4:1.4:0.2.
The preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator comprises the steps of (4) freezing at-30 ℃ and thawing at 30 ℃, and repeating the freezing and thawing operations for 10 times.
The preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator comprises the steps of preparing chitosan solution and polyvinyl alcohol solution, and standing for 6 hours.
The self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator prepared by the method.
The self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator material is applied to photo-thermal evaporation purification of seawater and dye wastewater.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) Under the irradiation of standard sunlight, the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal material is up to 83.1%, and the water evaporation rate is up to 2.30kg m -2 h -1 。
(2) The photo-thermal evaporation system formed by the hydrogel has remarkable photo-thermal purification capability in saline water and dye wastewater.
(3) The hydrogel photo-thermal material has outstanding photo-evaporation rate and efficiency, simple preparation process and wide application prospect in the fields of sea water desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the synthesis of a self-floating wood-based hydrogel material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the measurement of the hydrophilicity of the surfaces of various photo-thermal materials (Wood, B-Wood, hy, hy-B-Wood) according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an absorption spectrum of different photothermal materials (Wood, B-Wood, hy, hy-B-Wood) of the present invention (3 a) in a solar wavelength range of 250-2500 nm; (3b) The water evaporation weight loss of different photo-thermal materials under one sunlight illumination intensity; (3 c) the evaporation enthalpy change values of different photothermal materials; (3d) Under the illumination intensity of sunlight, the water evaporation rate and the evaporation efficiency of different photo-thermal materials are improved;
FIG. 4 shows the surface area salt of the material of the present invention (4 a) by photo-thermal evaporation of different concentrations of seawater from different photo-thermal materials (B-Wood, hy-B-Wood); (4b) Ultraviolet visible absorption spectrograms of the solution before and after photo-thermal evaporation of dye wastewater (methyl orange MA and methylene blue MB) by the Hy-B-Wood-based hydrogel; (4c) Adsorption capacity of different photo-thermal materials (Wood, B-Wood, hy, hy-B-Wood) to dye wastewater (methyl orange MA and methylene blue MB).
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof.
Example 1
The preparation method of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal material comprises the following steps:
(1) Transversely cutting the balsa Wood perpendicular to the water conveying channel, and cutting the balsa Wood into Wood blocks (marked as Wood) with the length of 2 x 2 cm; uniformly roasting the upper surface of the glass fiber reinforced plastic with flame of a spray gun at 1300 ℃, and immediately immersing the glass fiber reinforced plastic in deionized water to obtain a photo-thermal evaporator (marked as B-Wood);
(2) Adding chitosan into acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1wt%, and stirring at high speed until the chitosan is completely dissolved to obtain chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 5 wt%; adding polyvinyl alcohol with the alcoholysis degree of 87.0% into hot deionized water, heating in a water bath at 100 ℃, and stirring at a high speed until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 10 wt%;
(3) Mixing a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a chitosan solution, and putting the mixture into a magneton to be uniformly stirred at a low speed to form a precursor solution; adding the treated basswood into a precursor solution, stirring at a low speed, and carrying out vacuum suction filtration to enable the precursor solution to enter a basswood pore channel; then, slowly dripping glutaraldehyde solution (the mass concentration of glutaraldehyde solution is 4%) into the precursor solution (the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol solution to the chitosan solution to the glutaraldehyde solution is 4:1.4:0.2), and stirring at a low speed; after the sample is completely gelled, the hydrogel is obtained through the process of circulating freezing and thawing; freezing at-30deg.C, thawing at 30deg.C, and repeating the freezing and thawing operations for 10 times; finally, the hydrogel Wood composite structure was cut along the Wood chip outline and designated as Hy-B-Wood.
The preparation method of the hydrogel material comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding chitosan into acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1wt%, and stirring at high speed until the chitosan is completely dissolved to obtain chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 5 wt%;
(2) Adding polyvinyl alcohol with the alcoholysis degree of 87.0% into hot deionized water, heating in a water bath at 100 ℃, and stirring at a high speed until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 10 wt%;
(3) Mixing a polyvinyl alcohol solution with a chitosan solution, and putting the mixture into a magneton to be uniformly stirred at a low speed to form a precursor solution; slowly dripping glutaraldehyde solution (the mass concentration of glutaraldehyde solution is 4%) into the precursor solution (the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol solution to the chitosan solution to the glutaraldehyde solution is 4:1.4:0.2), and stirring at a low speed; after the sample is completely gelled, carrying out a cyclic freezing and thawing process, wherein the freezing condition is freezing at-30 ℃, the thawing condition is thawing at 30 ℃, and the freezing and thawing operations are repeated for 10 times; a hydrogel was obtained, designated Hy.
Performance tests are carried out on materials Wood, B-Wood, hy and Hy-B-Wood, and the results are shown in figures 2-4, and are specifically analyzed as follows:
wood, hy, hy-B-Wood has excellent water absorption through the saturated water content test, and the water absorption of B-Wood is inferior to that of the above three evaporators (FIG. 2).
As can be seen by UV-visible near infrared absorption spectroscopy analysis, the light absorption rates of Wood, B-Wood, hy and Hy-B-Wood surfaces at wavelengths of 250-2500nm were 45.39%, 91.01%, 78.27% and 93.60%, respectively (FIG. 3 a). The solar simulator passing through the AM1.5 optical filter simulates standard sunlight, and under the irradiation of the standard sunlight, the evaporation rates of the photo-thermal evaporators consisting of Wood, B-Wood, hy and Hy-B-Wood respectively reach 1.08kg m -2 h -1 、1.80kg m -2 h -1 、1.43kg m -2 h -1 And 2.3kg m -2 h -1 (FIG. 3 b), photo-thermal conversion efficiencies of 43.4%, 72.1%, 54.7% and 83.1%, respectively (FIG. 3 d),evaporation enthalpy change values of 1445J g respectively -1 、1442J g -1 、1385J g -1 And 1302J g -1 (FIG. 3 c), far below the evaporation enthalpy of pure water.
Under the irradiation of a light source of a solar simulator with an AM1.5 optical filter, the seawater with different concentrations is subjected to photo-thermal evaporation. After photo-thermal evaporation test is carried out in the seawater with the concentration of 3.5 weight percent for two hours, the upper surfaces of the B-Wood and the Hy-B-Wood have no obvious salt accumulation phenomenon. After photo-thermal evaporation test in 10wt% seawater for two hours, the upper surface of B-Wood had a slight salt accumulation phenomenon, and the upper surface of Hy-B-Wood still had no obvious salt accumulation phenomenon (FIG. 4 a).
Under the irradiation of a light source of a solar simulator with an AM1.5 optical filter, using Hy-B-Wood as a photo-thermal material, photo-thermally evaporating dye wastewater and collecting condensed water. The composition of the purified water before and after purification was tested by uv-vis spectroscopy, and the characteristic absorption peaks of the dyes (methyl orange and methylene blue) in the purified water collected after the photo-thermal evaporation treatment were completely disappeared (fig. 4 b).
By testing the absorbance of the solution before and after the dye adsorption by the material, it was found that Hy-B-Wood exhibited excellent adsorptivity for the dye (FIG. 4 c). Wood, B-Wood and Hy exhibited good adsorptivity for dyes (methylene blue and methyl orange) (FIG. 4 c).
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator is characterized in that chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol are mixed to prepare an interpenetrating network polymer, and then a wooden material and the polymer are mutually combined to prepare a photo-thermal wood-based hydrogel material; the wooden material is bassal wood subjected to surface treatment by burning through a spray gun; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Slicing Bassa wood, uniformly roasting one surface by adopting spray gun flame at 1300 ℃, and immediately immersing into deionized water;
(2) Respectively preparing acetic acid solution, chitosan water solution, polyvinyl alcohol water solution and glutaraldehyde solution;
(3) Mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solution obtained in the step (2) with the chitosan solution, and putting the mixture into a magneton to be uniformly stirred at a low speed to form a precursor solution;
(4) Adding the treated basswood into a precursor solution, stirring at a low speed, and carrying out vacuum suction filtration to enable the precursor solution to enter a basswood pore channel; then, slowly dripping glutaraldehyde solution into the precursor solution, and stirring at a low speed; after the sample is completely gelled, the hydrogel is obtained through the process of circulating freezing and thawing; finally, the hydrogel wood composite structure is cut out along the outline of the wood chip.
2. The method for preparing the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1, wherein chitosan is added into acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1wt%, and the mixture is stirred at a high speed until the chitosan solution is completely dissolved, so that the chitosan solution is obtained; the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 5wt%.
3. The method for preparing the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1, wherein polyvinyl alcohol is added into hot deionized water, heated in a water bath at 100 ℃, and stirred at a high speed until the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, so as to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol solution; the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 10 and wt%, and the alcoholysis degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 87.0%.
4. The method for preparing the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution is 4%.
5. The method for preparing the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol solution to the chitosan solution to the glutaraldehyde solution is 4:1.4:0.2.
6. The method for preparing a self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the freezing condition in the step (4) is freezing at-30 ℃, the thawing condition is thawing at 30 ℃, and the freezing and thawing operations are repeated 10 times.
7. The method for preparing a self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the chitosan solution and the polyvinyl alcohol solution are prepared and then are left to stand for 6 hours.
8. The self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. Use of the self-floating wood-based hydrogel photo-thermal evaporator of claim 8 in photo-thermal evaporation purification of seawater and dye wastewater.
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| CN111171340A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-19 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Photo-thermal evaporation material based on PVA hydrogel and preparation and application thereof |
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