CN114097878A - High-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method for lotus seeds - Google Patents
High-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method for lotus seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/14—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/06—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B9/26—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B30/00—Preparation of starch, degraded or non-chemically modified starch, amylose, or amylopectin
- C08B30/04—Extraction or purification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of food preservation, in particular to a high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method for lotus seeds, which comprises the following steps: 1) treating fresh lotus by 20-50kv high voltage electrostatic field for 10-30min at an interval of 10-30min, and circulating for 1-3 times; 2) calculating the potential difference inside and outside the cell membrane of the lotus seed after the high-voltage electrostatic treatment; 3) weighing 1-5g of lotus seed starch according to the calculation result of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed, adding the weighed lotus seed powder into 100-200ml of neutral electrolytic water, carrying out water-bath heating treatment, adding 1.0-2.0ml of plasticizer glycerol, 1-2.5g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.01-0.05g of preservative sodium benzoate after the starch is completely gelatinized, continuously heating for 10-15min after uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain milky and transparent edible lotus seed membrane liquid; 4) immersing the fresh lotus seeds treated by the high-voltage electrostatic field into the lotus seed starch edible membrane liquid for 15-25min, and applying the high-voltage electrostatic field of 10-15kv for 10-30min again; the method effectively solves the problems of serious water loss, nutrient component loss, poor taste and the like in the lotus seed preservation process, and comprehensively improves the quality of the lotus seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of food preservation, in particular to a high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method for lotus seeds.
Background
When lotus seeds are important specialty economic crops in China, the lotus seeds are widely planted in China and southeast Asia regions, wherein Fujiangning is called as the village of the white lotus in China. The fresh lotus has rich nutrition, has a plurality of efficacies of tonifying spleen and stomach, benefiting kidney, nourishing heart and tranquillizing mind, and is listed as 87 kinds of food with dual purposes of medicine and food by the Ministry of health of China. However, the shelf life of the fresh lotus after shelling, demoulding and core opening is generally only 3-5 days, and the best edible period is within 2 days. The fresh lotus contains rich nutrient substances, mainly starch, protein, sugar, fat and other substances, provides a good nutrient basis for microorganisms such as bacteria and the like, and is more favorable for the growth and the propagation of the microorganisms due to the moisture. It is worth noting that water is a key factor for endowing fresh lotus with fresh, fragrant, tender and sweet taste, the water loss is excessive, the taste and the flavor are extremely reduced, and the selling and eating are not facilitated.
The existing lotus seed preservation technology is mainly quick freezing and drying, and quick freezing preservation mainly inhibits growth and reproduction of microorganisms on the surfaces of lotus seeds at low temperature, reduces enzyme activity, slows down spoilage of the lotus seeds, and prolongs preservation period. But after quick freezing, the lotus seeds are thawed, and nutrient substances such as protein, starch and the like are easily inactivated in the freezing and thawing process, so that the nutritional value of the lotus seeds is greatly reduced. The most common dry preservation has long preservation time, but has large difference between the nutritional value and the taste and the fresh lotus, and the eating range is reduced, so the most common dry preservation is only used for cooking soup and porridge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method for lotus seeds.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method comprises the following steps:
1) treating fresh lotus by 20-50kv high voltage electrostatic field for 10-30min at an interval of 10-30min, and circulating for 1-3 times;
2) calculating the potential difference inside and outside the cell membrane of the lotus seed after the high-voltage electrostatic treatment;
3) weighing 1-5g of lotus seed starch according to the calculation result of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed, adding the weighed lotus seed powder into 100-200ml of neutral electrolytic water, carrying out water-bath heating treatment, adding 1.0-2.0ml of plasticizer glycerol, 1-2.5g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.01-0.05g of preservative sodium benzoate after the starch is completely gelatinized, continuously heating for 10-15min after uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain milky and transparent edible lotus seed membrane liquid;
4) immersing the fresh lotus seeds treated by the high-voltage electrostatic field into the lotus seed starch edible membrane liquid for 15-25min, and applying the high-voltage electrostatic field of 10-15kv for 10-30min again.
Further, the calculation formula of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane in the step 2) is as follows:
wherein Ee represents the electric field strength; r, d denotes the charge distance; θ represents a charge deviation angle; τ m1 represents the first time constant of the cell membrane; τ m2 represents the cell membrane second time constant; j ω represents the complex conductivity of the cell membrane; ε m, ε i and ε e represent the dielectric constant of cell membrane, extracellular fluid and internal fluid, respectively; σ m, σ i, and σ e represent the electrical conductivities of the cell membrane, extracellular fluid, and internal fluid, respectively.
Further, in the step 3), weighing 1-5g of lotus seed starch according to the calculation result of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed specifically comprises the following steps: the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell membrane is 0-2.0 multiplied by 102Within the Vm range, 1.0-3.0g of lotus seed starch is added; at 2.1X 102-3.0×102Within the Vm range, 3.1-5.0g of lotus seed starch is added.
Preferably, the heating temperature of the water bath in the step 3) is 75 ℃.
Further, the preparation method of the lotus seed starch in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
a) adding semen Nelumbinis and deionized distilled water into wall breaking machine, and completely crushing semen Nelumbinis;
b) sieving the crushed lotus seed pulp with a 100-mesh filter screen, standing the filtrate for 6h, pouring out supernatant, removing fat on the surface of the precipitate, washing the precipitate with deionized distilled water, and standing for 6h again;
c) repeatedly washing with distilled water for at least 3 times, taking out precipitate, and drying;
d) adding 95% ethanol into the dried starch, stirring for 3h, standing for 6h, and repeating the ethanol washing for 2 times;
e) and taking out the precipitate after alcohol washing, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the lotus seed starch.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the lotus seeds to the deionized distilled water in the step a) is 1: 2 are added.
Preferably, the drying temperature in step c) and step e) is 50 ℃.
Preferably, ethanol and starch are added in a volume ratio of 2:1 in step d).
Preferably, the precipitate in step e) is dried, crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) through high-voltage electrostatic pretreatment, lotus seed tissues are polarized by an external electric field to generate polarized charges so as to cause the potential difference inside and outside the lotus seed cell membrane to change, change the ion concentration and further change the cell membrane permeability, and provide a foundation for absorbing the starch edible membrane; meanwhile, the increase of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane can influence the oxidation-reduction reaction inside the tissue, thereby improving the fresh-keeping period of the fresh lotus.
2) The external electric field enables water molecules to generate resonance, so that the structure of the water molecules and the combination state of water and enzyme are changed, the enzyme is inactivated, and the fresh lotus is greatly inhibited from putrefaction and deterioration.
3) By immersing the edible film taking homologous lotus seed starch as a substrate and applying electrostatic field coating again, the limitation of traditional coating preservation is broken through, the permeability and the film forming property of the edible film are effectively improved, the quality guarantee period of the fresh lotus is prolonged, and the taste and the nutrient content are not lower than those of the fresh lotus when the fresh lotus is just harvested.
4) The lotus seeds are treated by the two-section high-voltage electrostatic field composite homologous starch film, the problems of serious water loss, nutrient component loss, poor taste and the like in the lotus seed preservation process are effectively solved through internal and external linkage, the quality of the lotus seeds is comprehensively improved, and the preservation period can reach 14 days.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the hardness (kg/cm) of lotus seeds obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 stored for different days2) A schematic diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the chewiness of lotus seeds obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 stored for different days;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the total bacterial count of lotus seeds obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 during storage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a high-voltage electrostatic field:
fresh lotus seed is subject to 20-50kv electrostatic action, the action time is 10-30min, the interval is 10-30min, the circulation is 1-3 times, the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Ee represents the electric field strength; r, d denotes the charge distance; θ represents a charge deviation angle; τ m1 represents the first time constant of the cell membrane; τ m2 represents the cell membrane second time constant; j ω represents the complex conductivity of the cell membrane; ε m, ε i and ε e represent the dielectric constant of cell membrane, extracellular fluid and internal fluid, respectively; σ m, σ i, and σ e represent the electrical conductivities of the cell membrane, extracellular fluid, and internal fluid, respectively. And (3) optimizing a response surface by taking the potential difference inside and outside the cell membrane of the lotus seed as a response value, and determining the optimal high-voltage electrostatic field process parameters.
Treatment with an electric field of appropriate strength will affect the carrier protein mosaicked on the cell membrane, thereby altering the selectivity of the membrane. Therefore, by establishing a model for calculating the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the lotus cell membrane by using a high-voltage electrostatic field, the change range of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the lotus cell membrane under the electrostatic action of 20-50kv is found to be 1.0 multiplied by 102-3.0×102Vm, the carrier protein on the cell membrane is reduced, and the lotus seed starch edible film is used for adsorbing the carrier which fills up the missing of the cell membrane, so that the adsorption type coating preservation is completed.
(2) Preparing the lotus seed starch edible film:
extracting lotus seed starch: 200 plus 300g of lotus seeds are placed in a wall breaking machine, deionized distilled water with 2 times of volume is added, and the lotus seeds are completely crushed by fast rotation for 1 min. Pouring the lotus seed pulp into a clean filter screen of 100 meshes, taking the lotus seed pulp by using a 3L beaker, filtering, discarding filter residues, pouring out supernatant after standing the filtrate for 6h, discarding fat on the surface of precipitate, washing the precipitate by using deionized distilled water, and standing for 6h again. Repeatedly washing with distilled water for at least 3 times, taking out precipitate, setting oven at 50 deg.C, and oven drying the sample. And putting the dried starch into a 5L beaker, pouring 95% ethanol with the volume twice that of the dried starch, stirring for 3 hours, standing for 6 hours, pouring out the ethanol, and repeatedly washing with alcohol for 2 times. Setting the temperature of the oven at 50 ℃, taking out the precipitate, putting the precipitate into the oven for drying, then crushing the dried precipitate by using a plant crusher, sieving the powder by using a 80-mesh sieve, drying and storing the obtained fine powder which is the lotus seed starch.
Preparing an edible lotus seed film: according to the result of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed in the step (1), 1-5g of self-made lotus seed starch is weighed and added into 100-200ml of neutral electrolytic water, and when the result of the calculation of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane is 0-2.0 multiplied by 102Within the Vm range, 1.0-3.0g of lotus seed starch is added; at 2.1X 102-3.0×102Within the Vm range, 3.1-5.0g of lotus seed starch is added.
And then carrying out water bath treatment at 75 ℃, adding 1.0-2.0ml of plasticizer glycerol, 1-2.5g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.01-0.05g of preservative sodium benzoate after starch is completely gelatinized, mixing uniformly, continuing heating for 10-15min, and cooling to room temperature to finally obtain the milky and transparent edible lotus seed film liquid.
(3) Coating a film on a high-voltage electrostatic field:
immersing the fresh lotus seed pretreated by the high-voltage electrostatic field in the lotus seed starch edible membrane liquid for 15-25min, and applying high-voltage static electricity of 10-15kv for 10-30min again.
(3) Packaging:
packaging and sealing the film-formed lotus seeds under the dry and sterile condition, and storing at 4 ℃.
Example 1
(1) Pretreatment of a high-voltage electrostatic field:
fresh lotus seed is subjected to 50kv electrostatic action, the action time is 15min, the interval is 15min, the circulation is performed for 2 times, and the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed is calculated by the following formula:
wherein Ee represents the electric field strength; r, d denotes the charge distance; θ represents a charge deviation angle; τ m1 represents the first time constant of the cell membrane; τ m2 represents the cell membrane second time constant; j ω represents the complex conductivity of the cell membrane; ε m, ε i and ε e represent the dielectric constant of cell membrane, extracellular fluid and internal fluid, respectively; σ m, σ i, and σ e represent the electrical conductivities of the cell membrane, extracellular fluid, and internal fluid, respectively.
(2) Preparing the lotus seed starch edible film:
the result of the potential difference calculation between the inner and outer cell membranes of the lotus seed in the step (1) is 2.0 multiplied by 102Vm, weighing 3g of self-made lotus seed starch, adding the self-made lotus seed starch into 120ml of neutral electrolytic water, treating the lotus seed starch in a water bath at 75 ℃, adding 1.5ml of plasticizer glycerol, 2g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.02g of preservative sodium benzoate after the starch is completely gelatinized, continuously heating the mixture for 12min after the mixture is uniformly mixed, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to finally obtain milky and transparent edible lotus seed film liquid.
(3) Coating a film on a high-voltage electrostatic field:
immersing the fresh lotus seeds pretreated by the high-voltage electrostatic field in the lotus seed starch edible membrane liquid for 20min, applying high-voltage static electricity of 15kv for 15min again, and taking out to store at 4 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 the technical solution is substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: the second section of high-voltage electrostatic coating is not carried out. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment of a high-voltage electrostatic field:
fresh lotus seed is subjected to 50kv electrostatic action, the action time is 10min, the interval is 10min, the circulation is 3 times, the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Ee represents the electric field strength; r, d denotes the charge distance; θ represents a charge deviation angle; τ m1 represents the first time constant of the cell membrane; τ m2 represents the cell membrane second time constant; j ω represents the complex conductivity of the cell membrane; ε m, ε i and ε e represent the dielectric constant of cell membrane, extracellular fluid and internal fluid, respectively; σ m, σ i, and σ e represent the electrical conductivities of the cell membrane, extracellular fluid, and internal fluid, respectively.
(2) Preparing the lotus seed starch edible film:
the result of the potential difference calculation between the inner and outer cell membranes of the lotus seed in the step (1) is 1.9 multiplied by 102Vm, weighing 3g of self-made lotus seed starch, adding the self-made lotus seed starch into 120ml of neutral electrolytic water, treating the lotus seed starch in a water bath at 75 ℃, adding 1.5ml of plasticizer glycerol, 2g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.02g of preservative sodium benzoate after the starch is completely gelatinized, continuously heating the mixture for 12min after the mixture is uniformly mixed, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to finally obtain milky and transparent edible lotus seed film liquid.
(3) Soaking and airing:
soaking fresh lotus seeds in the lotus seed starch edible film liquid for 30min, taking out and airing, and storing at 4 ℃ after the film is formed.
Comparative example 2:
the other points are the same as example 1: no coating preservation was performed.
The preservation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a high-voltage electrostatic field:
fresh lotus seed is subjected to 50kv electrostatic action, the action time is 15min, the interval is 15min, the circulation is performed for 2 times, and the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed is calculated by the following formula: .
(2) And (3) two-stage high-voltage electrostatic field treatment:
applying high voltage static electricity of 15kv for 20min again, taking out and storing at 4 ℃.
Comparative example 3:
the other points are the same as example 1: high-voltage electrostatic treatment was not performed.
The preservation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the lotus seed starch edible film:
weighing 5g of self-made lotus seed starch, adding the self-made lotus seed starch into 200ml of neutral electrolytic water, treating the lotus seed starch in a water bath at 75 ℃, adding 2.0ml of plasticizer glycerol, 2.5g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.05g of preservative sodium benzoate after the starch is completely gelatinized, continuously heating the mixture for 15min after the mixture is uniformly mixed, and cooling the mixture to room temperature to finally obtain the milky and transparent edible lotus seed film liquid.
(2) Soaking and airing:
soaking fresh lotus seeds in the lotus seed starch edible film liquid for 30min, taking out and airing, and storing at 4 ℃ after the film is formed.
Product detection
1) The main nutrient components of the lotus seeds obtained in the embodiment of the invention and the comparative example are respectively measured. The measurement is carried out according to the national standard, and the measurement of the moisture content refers to a direct drying method in GB 5009.3-2016 (method for measuring moisture in food); the protein content is measured by a Kjeldahl method in GB 5009.5-2016 method for measuring protein in food; the fat content is determined by a Soxhlet extraction method of GB/T5009.6-2016 (determination method for fat in food); the content of crude fiber is determined by reference to GB/T5009.10-2003 'determination of crude fiber in plant food', and the content of starch is determined by reference to acid hydrolysis method in GB/T5009.9-2016 'determination of starch in food'. The results are given in the following table (table 1).
TABLE 1 content of main nutrient components (g/100g fresh weight) of fresh lotus seeds treated differently
Note: in the table, the same column of lower case letters represent that the nutrient content data of different examples are remarkably different, and p is less than 0.05
As can be seen from the data in the table 1, the fresh lotus seeds processed by the technical scheme of the invention can effectively keep the moisture in the lotus seeds.
2) The lotus seeds obtained in the embodiment and the comparative example of the invention are subjected to sensory scoring, 9 professionals who receive relevant training such as project content, evaluation indexes and the like form an evaluation group, the main evaluation indexes are taste, color and texture, and the detailed scoring rule is shown in the following table (table 2).
TABLE 2 sensory evaluation of Lotus seed
TABLE 3 sensory evaluation of Lotus seeds at different storage periods
Note: the lower case letters in the same row in the table represent that the sensory score data of different examples are remarkably different, and p is less than 0.05
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the sensory evaluation of the lotus seeds in the examples at the early stage of storage is not significantly different under the storage condition of 4 ℃; when the lotus seed is stored for 7 days, the example 1 is obviously higher than other groups, the comparative example 2 is obviously lower than other groups, the preservation effect of the high-voltage electrostatic adsorption lotus seed starch edible film preservation technology is obvious, the lotus seeds which are not subjected to film coating preservation treatment are not suitable for long-term storage, the sensory evaluation sequence is that the quality of each group is greatly reduced after 14 days, and the optimal storage period of the fresh lotus seeds after compound treatment is 14 days.
3) The hardness and the chewiness of the lotus seeds obtained in the embodiment and the comparative example are measured, the lotus seeds are placed on a test bench, and the hardness and the chewiness are obtained by a texture analyzer. In the full texture mode, a P/36R probe is selected. Each sample is repeated 8-10 times, and an average value is taken. The parameters are set as follows: the rates before, during and after the test were 2.0mm/s, 1.0mm/s and 1.0mm/s, respectively, and the deformation amount was 75%. The results of the experiment are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As can be seen from the attached figures 1 and 2, under the storage condition of 4 ℃, the hardness of the lotus seeds in each example is not obviously different in the early storage period, after 7 days of storage, the hardness of the lotus seeds in the comparative example 2 is obviously lower than that of other groups, which shows that the hardness and chewiness of the lotus seeds without coating preservation treatment are obviously reduced, the hardness and chewiness of the lotus seeds in the example are obviously higher than those of the comparative example, and the hardness and chewiness of the lotus seeds begin to obviously reduce after 14 days of storage, which shows that the best edible period of the fresh lotus is 14 days.
4) The total number of colonies of lotus seeds obtained in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention was determined by the method described in GB/T4789.2-2003, and lotus seeds were cut up, 225mL of physiological saline containing 0.1% peptone was added, mixed well, diluted 10-fold at various concentrations, and 1mL of each dilution was poured onto a TTC nutrient agar plate and cultured at 25. + -. 1 ℃. After 48h incubation, the counts were counted. The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from the attached FIG. 3, the total bacterial count of the lotus seeds of the embodiments has no significant difference in the initial storage period under the storage condition of 4 ℃, and the total bacterial count of the lotus seeds of the embodiments has a continuously rising trend in the whole storage process. After 7 days of storage, the comparative examples, except the examples, were spoiled and the total number of bacteria exceeded 8.0X 106In the embodiment, the putrefaction phenomenon occurs after the lotus seeds are stored for 14 days, and the putrefaction peak value is reached after 21 days, so that the preservation technical effect of the high-voltage electrostatic adsorption lotus seed starch edible film is optimal, and the preservation time of the fresh lotus seeds is as high as 14 days.
According to the invention, through high-voltage electrostatic pretreatment, bioelectric current is induced to generate biochemical reaction to cause potential difference change inside and outside the lotus seed cell membrane, so that the ion concentration is changed, the cell membrane permeability is further changed, and a foundation is provided for absorbing the starch edible membrane; by immersing the edible film taking homologous lotus seed starch as a substrate and applying electrostatic field coating again, the limitation of traditional coating preservation is broken through, the permeability and the film forming property of the edible film are effectively improved, the quality guarantee period of the fresh lotus is greatly prolonged, and the taste and the nutrient content are not lower than those of the fresh lotus when the fresh lotus is just collected; meanwhile, the lotus seeds are treated by the two-section high-voltage electrostatic field composite homologous starch film, the problems of serious water loss, nutrient loss, poor taste and the like in the lotus seed preservation process are effectively solved through internal and external linkage, the quality of the lotus seeds is comprehensively improved, and the preservation effect that 1+1 is more than 2 is achieved.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film coating preservation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) treating fresh lotus by 20-50kv high voltage electrostatic field for 10-30min at an interval of 10-30min, and circulating for 1-3 times;
2) calculating the potential difference inside and outside the cell membrane of the lotus seed after the high-voltage electrostatic treatment;
3) weighing 1-5g of lotus seed starch according to the calculation result of the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane of the lotus seed, adding the weighed lotus seed powder into 100-200ml of neutral electrolytic water, carrying out water-bath heating treatment, adding 1.0-2.0ml of plasticizer glycerol, 1-2.5g of cross-linking agent citric acid and 0.01-0.05g of preservative sodium benzoate after the starch is completely gelatinized, continuously heating for 10-15min after uniformly mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain milky and transparent edible lotus seed membrane liquid;
4) immersing the fresh lotus seeds treated by the high-voltage electrostatic field into the lotus seed starch edible membrane liquid for 15-25min, and applying the high-voltage electrostatic field of 10-15kv for 10-30min again.
2. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane in the step 2) is calculated by the following formula:
wherein Ee represents the electric field strength; r, d denotes the charge distance; θ represents a charge deviation angle; τ m1 represents the first time constant of the cell membrane; τ m2 represents the cell membrane second time constant; j ω represents the complex conductivity of the cell membrane; ε m, ε i and ε e represent the dielectric constant of cell membrane, extracellular fluid and internal fluid, respectively; σ m, σ i, and σ e represent the electrical conductivities of the cell membrane, extracellular fluid, and internal fluid, respectively.
3. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 2, wherein 1-5g of lotus seed starch is weighed according to the calculation result of the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell membrane of lotus seed in step 3) and specifically: the potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell membrane is 0-2.0 multiplied by 102Within the Vm range, 1.0-3.0g of lotus seed starch is added; at 2.1X 102-3.0×102Within the Vm range, 3.1-5.0g of lotus seed starch is added.
4. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type film-coating preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the water bath heating temperature in the step 3) is 75 ℃.
5. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the lotus seed starch in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
a) adding semen Nelumbinis and deionized distilled water into wall breaking machine, and completely crushing semen Nelumbinis;
b) sieving the crushed lotus seed pulp with a 100-mesh filter screen, standing the filtrate for 6h, pouring out supernatant, removing fat on the surface of the precipitate, washing the precipitate with deionized distilled water, and standing for 6h again;
c) repeatedly washing with distilled water for at least 3 times, taking out precipitate, and drying;
d) adding 95% ethanol into the dried starch, stirring for 3h, standing for 6h, and repeating the ethanol washing for 2 times;
e) and taking out the precipitate after alcohol washing, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the lotus seed starch.
6. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the ratio by volume of the lotus seeds to the deionized distilled water in the step a) is 1: 2 are added.
7. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 5, wherein the drying temperature in step c) and the drying temperature in step e) are both 50 ℃.
8. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 5, wherein ethanol and starch are added in a volume ratio of 2:1 in the step d).
9. The lotus seed high-voltage electrostatic adsorption type coating preservation method according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step e), the precipitate is dried and crushed and then passes through a 80-mesh sieve.
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| EP0274163A2 (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1988-07-13 | Dott. Bonapace & C. S.p.A. | Method for covering fruit and vegetable products in general with protective substances |
| CN101011079A (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2007-08-08 | 天津农学院 | Green pepper fresh-keeping method |
| CN110367329A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江国际海运职业技术学院 | A kind of red bayberry method for storing and refreshing |
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| EP0274163A2 (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1988-07-13 | Dott. Bonapace & C. S.p.A. | Method for covering fruit and vegetable products in general with protective substances |
| CN101011079A (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2007-08-08 | 天津农学院 | Green pepper fresh-keeping method |
| CN110367329A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江国际海运职业技术学院 | A kind of red bayberry method for storing and refreshing |
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Application publication date: 20220301 |