CN114097155A - 断路器 - Google Patents

断路器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114097155A
CN114097155A CN202080019024.5A CN202080019024A CN114097155A CN 114097155 A CN114097155 A CN 114097155A CN 202080019024 A CN202080019024 A CN 202080019024A CN 114097155 A CN114097155 A CN 114097155A
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China
Prior art keywords
solid state
switching device
circuit breaker
state switching
output terminal
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CN202080019024.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
R·尼霍夫
H·斯托克曼
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
DC Co Ltd
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
DC Co Ltd
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Publication of CN114097155A publication Critical patent/CN114097155A/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/59Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02Details
    • H02H3/021Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H02H3/023Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于中断电路线路中的电流的混合断路器,所述混合断路器包括:‑用于连接到电力线的输入端子和用于连接到DC系统的输出端子;‑连接到所述输入端子的第一固态开关装置;‑与所述第一固态开关装置串联布置且连接到所述输出端子的机械隔离器继电器;‑电连接于所述输出端子与接地之间的撬杠电路;以及‑用于控制所述第一固态开关装置、所述机械隔离器继电器和所述撬杠电路的控制器。

Description

断路器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于中断电路线路中的电流的混合断路器,所述混合断路器包括:
-用于连接到电力线的输入端子和用于连接到DC(直流)系统的输出端子;
-连接到输入端子的第一固态开关装置;
-与第一固态开关装置串联布置并连接到输出端子的机械隔离器继电器。
背景技术
举例来说,此种混合断路器从US 4618906已知。此公开案公开了一种混合固态/机械开关,其具有串联布置于电路线路中的机械开关和断路装置,例如熔断器。机械开关通常用于在DC系统中出现短路时断开电路。
然而,如果机械开关未能断开电路,那么布置于熔断器与机械开关之间的撬杠电路用于使得熔断器熔断。
WO 2017220443公开了一种混合断路器,其中两条电线均间杂有机械开关。机械开关在用作DC系统的断路器时具有多个缺点。机械开关的断开需要相对长的时间,且在断开期间,开关的机械触点之间可能会发生电弧作用。
尤其对于在超过200V DC电压下操作的DC系统,当例如发生直接接触时,快速断路为必要的,通常低于10毫秒并且更优选在1到3毫秒范围内。机械开关对于此类所需的快速开关时间来说太慢了。
此外,机械开关的使用可在开关的断开期间产生电弧作用,如最接近的现有技术中已经识别。另一方面,机械开关确实提供了可靠的电路中断。
半导体开关并不具有机械开关的缺点,并且具有开关时间通常显著快于机械开关的优点。然而,半导体开关确实会耗散能量且不被行业标准允许以隔离DC系统。
在DC系统内可存在多个源,使得断开与一个源的连接不一定提供安全的DC系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的是减少或甚至消除以上所提到的缺点。此目的通过根据前言的混合断路器实现,所述混合断路器的特征在于:
-电连接于输出端子与接地或中极之间的撬杠电路;
-用于控制第一固态开关装置、机械隔离器继电器和撬杠电路的控制器。
通过根据本发明的混合断路器,第一固态开关装置允许对DC系统的电力的快速中断。撬杠电路允许DC系统的放电和短路,使得没有电流流经机械隔离器继电器且可断开机械隔离器继电器以提供可靠的电路中断。
控制器允许第一固态开关装置、撬杠电路和机械隔离器继电器的经控制致动,使得混合断路器可迅速中断到DC系统的电力供应且还可可靠地重新接通电力供应。
当例如DC系统中发生短路时,控制器将控制第一固态开关装置和机械隔离器继电器到断开位置,同时激活撬杠电路。由于固态开关装置和撬杠电路的开关时间明显较短,因此当机械隔离器继电器开始断开时,将流经机械隔离器继电器的电流明显较少或无电流流经。这将减少或防止机械隔离器继电器中的任何电弧作用。
在根据本发明的混合断路器的优选实施例中,机械隔离器继电器在连接位置中连接第一固态开关装置与输出端子且在断开连接位置中将输出端子连接到接地或中极。
通过由隔离器继电器断路器将输出端子连接到接地或中极,提供额外安全性。这允许混合断路器还用于将DC系统与电源断开连接以用于对DC系统进行维护。
在根据本发明的混合断路器的又一实施例中,撬杠电路包括串联布置的第二固态开关装置与电阻器。
通过第二固态开关装置,在与第一固态开关装置相同的时间范围内且远早于机械隔离器继电器的开关时间获得撬杠电路的迅速激活。
优选地,第一和/或第二固态开关装置包括半导体,如FET(场效应晶体管)、MOSFET(金属-氧化物半导体场效应管)或IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)。
在根据本发明的混合断路器的另一实施例中,控制器包括用于感测DC系统中的过电流或短路的电流传感器。
通过电流传感器测量电路线路中的电流,且当电流超过阈值时,控制器控制第一固态开关装置、撬杠电路和机械隔离器继电器以切断到DC系统的电力供应并防止超过电流造成进一步损坏。
在根据本发明的混合断路器的又另一实施例中,机械隔离器继电器为双极继电器,其第一极布置于第一固态开关装置与输出端子之间,所述混合断路器进一步包括用于连接到中极线路的第二输入端子和用于连接到DC系统的第二输出端子,其中第二极电布置于第二输入端子与第二输出端子之间。
通过也断开DC系统的中极线路,获得进一步的安全性。
附图说明
将结合附图对本发明的这些特征和其它特征进行阐明。
图1到图3示出了处于三个不同状态下的根据本发明的混合断路器的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在正常使用期间的根据本发明的混合断路器1的实施例。混合断路器1具有连接到DC电力源的输入端子2和连接到示意性地描绘为线圈4和电容器5的DC系统4、5的输出端子3。
此外,混合断路器1具有连接到输入端子2的第一固态开关装置6。此固态开关装置6优选地包括受控制器7控制的半导体,如FET、MOSFET或IGBT。机械隔离器继电器8与第一固态开关装置6串联布置且连接到输出端子3。机械隔离器继电器8也受控制器7控制。
此外,包括串联布置的第二固态开关装置9与电阻器10的撬杠电路布置于输出端子3与接地之间。第二固态开关装置9,优选地如FET、MOSFET或IGBT等半导体也受控制器7控制。
在图1中,在正常使用期间示出混合断路器1,其中DC系统4、5由DC电力源供电。为此目的,第一半导体开关6和机械隔离器继电器8受控制器7控制到电闭合位置,而第二半导体开关9保持于电断开位置。
图2示出了在由控制器7检测到短路的情况下的混合断路器1。在此情况下,控制器7将第一半导体开关6和机械隔离器继电器8控制到电断开位置,且将第二半导体开关9控制到电闭合位置。
断开半导体开关6将切断到DC系统4、5的电力供应。第二半导体开关9的闭合将激活撬杠电路9、10使得DC系统4、5中的任何能量将排出到接地。
当电力供应被切断且撬杠电路9、10被激活时,机械断路器8被隔离,使得在断开循环期间,花费比断开或闭合半导体开关6、9明显更多时间,不会发生电弧作用。
图3示出了在已完成机械隔离器继电器8的断开循环之后的混合断路器1。为了提供额外安全性,例如在DC系统4、5的维护期间,机械隔离器继电器8将输出端子3连接到断路器8的断开位置。
一旦机械隔离器继电器8处于完全断开位置,就可按需要将第一半导体开关6和第二半导体开关9控制到电断开位置。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于中断电路线路中的电流的混合断路器(1),所述混合断路器(1)包括:
-用于连接到电力线的输入端子(2)和用于连接到DC系统(4,5)的输出端子(3);
-连接到所述输入端子(2)的第一固态开关装置(6);
-与所述第一固态开关装置(6)串联布置并连接到所述输出端子(3)的机械隔离器继电器(8);
其特征在于:
-电连接在所述输出端子(3)与接地或中极(M)之间的撬杠电路(9,10);
-用于控制所述第一固态开关装置(6)、所述机械隔离器继电器(8)和所述撬杠电路(9,10)的控制器(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合断路器(1),其中所述机械隔离器继电器(8)在连接位置中连接所述第一固态开关装置(6)与所述输出端子(3)且在断开连接位置中连接所述输出端子(3)与接地或中极(M)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合断路器(1),其中所述撬杠电路(9,10)包括串联布置的第二固态开关装置(9)与电阻器(10)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合断路器(1),其中所述固态开关装置(6,9)包括半导体,如FET、MOSFET或IGBT。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合断路器(1),其中所述控制器(7)包括用于感测所述DC系统(4,5)中的短路的电流传感器。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合断路器(1),其中所述机械隔离器继电器为双极隔离器继电器,其第一极布置于所述第一固态开关装置(6)与所述输出端子(3)之间,所述混合断路器(1)进一步包括用于连接到中极(M)线路的第二输入端子和用于连接到DC系统(4,5)的第二输出端子,其中第二极电布置于所述第二输入端子与所述第二输出端子之间。
CN202080019024.5A 2019-03-06 2020-02-20 断路器 Pending CN114097155A (zh)

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GB1903018.8 2019-03-06
GB1903018.8A GB2581992A (en) 2019-03-06 2019-03-06 Circuit breaker
PCT/EP2020/054428 WO2020178032A1 (en) 2019-03-06 2020-02-20 Circuit breaker

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WO2024081453A1 (en) 2022-10-14 2024-04-18 Praxair Technology, Inc. High performance semiconductor grade dimethylaluminum chloride

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GB201903018D0 (en) 2019-04-17
US11984290B2 (en) 2024-05-14
EP3935704A1 (en) 2022-01-12
GB2581992A (en) 2020-09-09
US20220139644A1 (en) 2022-05-05

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