CN114094662B - Intelligent power distribution method of multi-port quick charger - Google Patents
Intelligent power distribution method of multi-port quick charger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114094662B CN114094662B CN202111367904.4A CN202111367904A CN114094662B CN 114094662 B CN114094662 B CN 114094662B CN 202111367904 A CN202111367904 A CN 202111367904A CN 114094662 B CN114094662 B CN 114094662B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- power
- charging
- port
- output
- mcu
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent power distribution method of a multi-port quick charger, which comprises the following steps: the multi-port quick charger comprises n MCUs with built-in PD controllers, wherein the MCUs are communicated with each other through a communication bus, and the output power of the n output ports is dynamically adjusted according to the following mode: when a new charging device i to be charged is connected to the output port i, the MCU corresponding to the output port i provides the actual output power P ii to the output port i according to the allocable power P max-∑Pout and the charging requirement of the charging device i, wherein Σp out is the output power already allocated. The invention can realize the free distribution of the output power of each port of the multi-port quick charger based on the real-time multi-port charging power demand according to the main stream quick charging protocol standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multi-interface quick chargers, in particular to an intelligent power distribution method of a multi-interface quick charger.
Background
With the rapid development of the rapid charging technology and the power device, the rapid charging product with small volume and multiple ports and supporting multiple rapid charging protocols is popular, and therefore, the multi-port output power distribution supporting the rapid charging protocols becomes a rigid requirement. The distribution of the output power is closely related to the power required by the charged equipment, the total output power of the front stage and other factors, and how to adjust and balance the power required by the charged equipment, the power limit of the charging equipment and other factors (such as temperature) in real time is a problem to be solved. The prior technical proposal is realized based on a fixed power distribution table, namely, each output port fixes a certain power gear of the fast charging protocol, and the output is distributed according to the power distribution table during multi-port access.
The multi-port quick charger in the prior art distributes multi-port output power according to a fixed power distribution table, so that free power distribution cannot be achieved. For example, a dual-port quick charger with a maximum output power of 120W can achieve maximum 100W per port in single-port use according to the standard of the quick charging protocol PD3.0, and when the dual ports are used simultaneously, each 60W cannot achieve free power distribution combination (such as 90w+30w,100w+20w, etc.), so that the efficiency of charging multiple devices is relatively low, and in addition, the charging power of most intelligent devices containing batteries is variable (generally, the required charging power is reduced along with the rise of self-electric quantity or the rise of temperature).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent power distribution method of a multi-port quick charger, which aims to solve at least one of the technical problems.
To solve the above problems, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an intelligent power distribution method of a multi-port quick charger, comprising:
The multi-port quick charger comprises n MCUs with built-in PD controllers, wherein the MCUs are communicated with each other through a communication bus, and the output power of the n output ports is dynamically adjusted according to the following mode:
When a first charging device m to be charged is connected to an output port m, the charging device m sends out a charging demand after MCU handshake or communication corresponding to the output port m is completed, and requests output power P m; the MCU corresponding to the output port m provides actual output power P mm to the output port m according to P max, and the MCU is used as a host to report the power P mm currently provided to the charging equipment m to other MCUs in real time through a bus;
When a new charging device i to be charged is connected to the output port i, the MCU corresponding to the output port i provides actual output power P ii to the output port i according to the allocable power P max-∑Pout and the charging requirement of the charging device i, wherein Sigma P out is the output power already allocated;
Wherein the actual output power P ii provided to output port i is determined by:
Case one: if P max-∑Pout is more than 0, the charging device i sends out a charging demand after the MCU handshake or communication corresponding to the accessed output port i is completed, and requests to output power P i; the MCU corresponding to the output port i provides actual output power P ii to the output port i according to P max, and the MCU is used as a host to report the power P ii currently provided to the charging equipment i to other MCUs in real time through a bus;
And a second case: if P max-∑Pout is less than or equal to 0, the MCU corresponding to the output port i to which the charging device i is connected does not provide any output to the charging device i, and only monitors the communication bus continuously to check the allocable power until the allocable power meets the minimum power request of the new device, and the step in the first case is performed.
Preferably, when no equipment is inserted into the no-load state, all the MCUs control the respective power indicator lamps to indicate according to the available range color table.
Preferably, the MCU corresponding to the output port m adjusts the color of the power indicator lamp according to the power indicator color table to indicate the current output power state, and other MCUs adjust the colors of the respective power indicator lamps according to the actual residual distributable power after receiving the power message.
Preferably, if a charging device corresponding to an MCU that was previously used as a host is removed and the communication bus does not support multi-host communication, the MCU notifies all other slaves via the bus to yield the host, and the remaining MCU that is still powering the accessed device is automatically the host with the smallest serial number; if the communication bus supports multi-host communication, no replacement of hosts is required.
Preferably, the power distribution strategy of the multi-port quick charger is as follows:
After handshaking is successful and power is provided to the charging device, if there are a plurality of charging power requirements P req≥80％·Pmax when a new charging device is connected, the charging end can reissue a PDO message, change the available power to k·p req, where k is a scaling factor smaller than 1, and continuously adjust the scaling factor until the receiving end (i.e. the device to be charged) can accept and still be in the fast charging power section.
Preferably, the charging power proportionality coefficient k is related to the number of the charging devices actually connected, and dynamically changes, the actual output power of a certain port may be larger than the device request power, and the sum of the charging power proportionality coefficients k i of the ports at any time is 1, namely:
When the m+1th device is accessed, if the allocable power is not sufficient to maintain the minimum power request required by the device, the m+1th output port is closed and the closed state is indicated until the power required by the other online charging devices drops and the remaining allocable power reaches the power request of the m+1th device.
Preferably, when the multi-port quick charger distributes power in multiple ports, the power distribution state is indicated by the following modes: and through the multicolor LEDs, each MCU adjusts the luminous color of the LEDs according to the current power distribution condition so as to explain the current state.
Preferably, by the multicolor LED, adjusting, by each MCU, the light emission color of the LED according to the current power distribution condition to account for the current state includes: green indicates that the accessible device is charging, yellow indicates that it is charging and is in a fast charge state, orange indicates a general charge state, and extinction indicates that the distributable power is insufficient and cannot be output at the present stage.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can realize the free distribution of the output power of each port of the multi-port quick charger based on the real-time multi-port charging power demand according to the main stream quick charging protocol standard.
Drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows a multi-port power dynamic allocation block diagram.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the invention in detail, but the invention may be practiced in a variety of different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
The invention provides an intelligent power distribution and indication method of a multi-port quick charger, as shown in figure 1 (for simplicity, a DC-DC circuit controlled by a PD MCU is omitted), the maximum power which can be distributed is assumed to be P max by the AC-DC output of a front stage of the quick charger, n output ports are provided, n output ports are connected to equipment to be charged, and the power of each output port at a certain moment t isThe MCU (micro controller) of the n built-in PD controllers are communicated with each other through a communication bus (Communication Bus, which CAN be a bus interface such as I 2 C, CAN, SPI or 1-Wire, etc.), the output power of the n ports is dynamically regulated, and no extra MCU is needed for star control.
The specific adjusting steps are as follows:
(1) When no equipment is inserted (no-load), all PD MCU control Power Indicator (Power Indicator lamp) according to the available range color table (self-defining) indication;
(2) At a certain moment, any device m to be charged is accessed to an output port m (m=1, 2 … n);
(3) The charging device handshakes with the PD mcu#m or sends out a charging demand (request output power P m) after communication with the PD mcu#m is completed;
(4) The PD MCU#m provides an actual output power P mm to the output port m according to the AC-DC configurable total power P max;
(5) The PD MCU#m adjusts the color indication current output Power state of the Power indicator#m according to the Power indication color table;
(6) The PD MCU#m is used as a host computer to report the power P mm currently provided to the charging equipment to other PD MCUs in real time through a bus;
(7) And after receiving the Power message, the other PD MCU adjusts the respective Power Indicator color according to the actual residual distributable Power.
(8) If a new charging device is connected to the output port i (i=1, 2 … n; i not equal to m);
(9) After the new charging device i and the PD mcu#i handshake are communicated, a charging demand (request output power P i) is sent out;
(10) The PD mcu#i provides the actual output power P ii to the output port i according to the allocable power P max-∑Pout (where Σp out is the output power that has been allocated) and the charging requirements of the device;
(11) When a new device accesses an unused charging port, if P max-∑Pout is more than 0, the corresponding PD MCU repeats steps 3-7, otherwise, the PD MCU extinguishes (or other indication modes) the Power Indicator controlled by itself, does not provide any output for the accessed new device, only monitors the communication bus continuously to check the allocable Power until the allocable Power meets the minimum Power request of the new device, and then steps 3-7 are carried out.
In the above step, if the charging device corresponding to the PD MCU that was previously used as the master is removed and the communication bus does not support multi-master communication, the PD MCU notifies all other slaves via the bus to yield the master, and the remaining PD MCUs that are still supplying power to the accessed device have the smallest serial numbers that automatically become the master; if the communication bus supports multi-host communication, no replacement of hosts is required.
According to different application scenes and requirements, the power allocation strategy in the invention is described as follows:
In view of the characteristics of most of the fast charging protocols, after handshaking is successful and power is provided to the devices, if a plurality of new devices are connected, such as charging power requirements P req≥80％·Pmax, based on the characteristics of the fast charging protocols, the charging end can resend PDO messages, and change the available power to k·p req, where k is a scaling factor smaller than 1, until the receiving end (the device to be charged) can accept (still in the fast charging power section) by continuously adjusting the scaling factor. It should be noted that the charging power scaling factor k is related to the number of charging devices actually connected, and may dynamically change, where the actual output power of a certain port is greater than the device request power. At any time, the sum of the charging power scaling factors k i of the ports is 1. Namely:
Based on the allocation policy, when the m+1th device is accessed, if the allocable power is insufficient to maintain the minimum power request required by the device, the m+1th output port is closed and a closed state is indicated. Until the power required by the other online charging devices drops and the remaining allocable power reaches the power request of the m+1th device.
A more clear indication of the need for multiple-port power allocation is provided, and in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the current state may be indicated by adjusting the light emission color of the LED by each PD MCU according to the current power allocation. (e.g., green for accessible device charging, yellow for charging and in a fast charge state, orange for general charge state, and off for insufficient distributable power, which is not output at the present stage).
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can realize the free distribution of the output power of each port of the multi-port quick charger based on the real-time multi-port charging power demand according to the main stream quick charging protocol standard.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent power distribution method of a multi-port quick charger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The multi-port quick charger comprises n MCUs with built-in PD controllers, wherein the MCUs are communicated with each other through a communication bus, and the output power of the n output ports is dynamically adjusted according to the following mode:
When a first charging device m to be charged is connected to an output port m, the charging device m sends out a charging demand after MCU handshake or communication corresponding to the output port m is completed, and requests output power P m; the MCU corresponding to the output port m provides actual output power P mm to the output port m according to P max, and the MCU is used as a host to report the power P mm currently provided to the charging equipment m to other MCUs in real time through a bus;
When a new charging device i to be charged is connected to the output port i, the MCU corresponding to the output port i provides actual output power P ii to the output port i according to the allocable power P max-∑Pout and the charging requirement of the charging device i, wherein Sigma P out is the output power already allocated;
Wherein the actual output power P ii provided to output port i is determined by:
Case one: if P max-∑Pout is more than 0, the charging device i sends out a charging demand after the MCU handshake or communication corresponding to the accessed output port i is completed, and requests to output power P i; the MCU corresponding to the output port i provides actual output power P ii to the output port i according to P max, and the MCU is used as a host to report the power P ii currently provided to the charging equipment i to other MCUs in real time through a bus;
And a second case: if P max-∑Pout is less than or equal to 0, the MCU corresponding to the output port i accessed by the charging equipment i does not provide any output for the charging equipment i, and only monitors the communication bus continuously to check the allocable power until the allocable power meets the minimum power request of the new equipment, and the step in the first case is performed;
The power distribution strategy of the multi-port quick charger is as follows:
After handshaking is successful and power is provided to the charging device, if there are a plurality of charging power requirements P req≥80％·Pmax when a new charging device is connected, the charging end can reissue a PDO message, change the available power to k·p req, where k is a scaling factor smaller than 1, and continuously adjust the scaling factor until the receiving end (i.e. the device to be charged) can accept and still be in the fast charging power section.
2. The intelligent power distribution method of the multi-port quick charger according to claim 1, wherein when no equipment is inserted into the idle load, all MCUs control respective power indicator lamps to indicate according to a available range color table.
3. The intelligent power distribution method of the multi-port quick charger according to claim 2, wherein the MCUs corresponding to the output ports m adjust the color of the power indicator to indicate the current output power state according to the power indication color table, and the other MCUs adjust the colors of the respective power indicators according to the actual remaining allocable power after receiving the power message.
4. The intelligent power distribution method of the multi-port quick charger according to claim 1, wherein if a charging device corresponding to an MCU previously used as a master is removed and a communication bus does not support multi-master communication, the MCU notifies all other slaves through the bus to give up the master, and the rest of the MCUs still supplying power to the accessed devices are automatically the master with the smallest serial number; if the communication bus supports multi-host communication, no replacement of hosts is required.
5. The intelligent power distribution method of the multi-port quick charger according to claim 1, wherein the charging power proportionality coefficient k is related to the number of actually accessed charging devices and dynamically changes, the actual output power of a port may be greater than the device request power, and the sum of the charging power proportionality coefficients k i of each port at any time is 1, namely:
When the m+1th device is accessed, if the allocable power is insufficient to maintain the minimum power request required by the device, the m+1th output port is closed, and the closing state is indicated until the power required by other online charging devices is reduced and the remaining allocable power reaches the power request of the m+1th device.
6. The intelligent power distribution method of a multi-port quick charger according to claim 5, wherein the multi-port quick charger indicates a power distribution state when distributing power by a multi-port by:
and through the multicolor LEDs, each MCU adjusts the luminous color of the LEDs according to the current power distribution condition so as to explain the current state.
7. The intelligent power distribution method of the multi-port quick charger according to claim 6, wherein adjusting the light emitting color of the LEDs to account for the current state by each MCU according to the current power distribution situation by multicolor LEDs comprises: green indicates that the accessible device is charging, yellow indicates that it is charging and is in a fast charge state, orange indicates a general charge state, and extinction indicates that the distributable power is insufficient and cannot be output at the present stage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111367904.4A CN114094662B (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Intelligent power distribution method of multi-port quick charger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111367904.4A CN114094662B (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Intelligent power distribution method of multi-port quick charger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114094662A CN114094662A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
| CN114094662B true CN114094662B (en) | 2024-04-23 |
Family
ID=80301595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111367904.4A Active CN114094662B (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Intelligent power distribution method of multi-port quick charger |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114094662B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115224770B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-03-22 | 绍兴光大芯业微电子有限公司 | PD super-fast charge SOC system for realizing multi-power multi-configuration full time domain |
| CN116169758B (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2024-05-03 | 厦门英麦科芯集成科技有限公司 | Output power adjusting method and charger |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2061131A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-20 | Elro (Holding )AG | Method and device for controlling the distribution of electrical energy for a number of electrical heating devices in a kitchen |
| CN111262271A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-09 | 宁波锦浪新能源科技股份有限公司 | Low-cost communication system with multiple energy storage inverters connected in parallel |
| WO2020141511A1 (en) * | 2019-01-01 | 2020-07-09 | Advanced Magnetic Solutions Limited | Controlled power adapter |
| CN112202222A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Charger, charging control method and device |
| CN112671055A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-04-16 | 安克创新科技股份有限公司 | Power distribution method and charging equipment |
| CN113629806A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-09 | 闪极科技(深圳)有限公司 | Multi-interface charger with freely-distributed output power |
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 CN CN202111367904.4A patent/CN114094662B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2061131A1 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-05-20 | Elro (Holding )AG | Method and device for controlling the distribution of electrical energy for a number of electrical heating devices in a kitchen |
| WO2020141511A1 (en) * | 2019-01-01 | 2020-07-09 | Advanced Magnetic Solutions Limited | Controlled power adapter |
| CN111262271A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-09 | 宁波锦浪新能源科技股份有限公司 | Low-cost communication system with multiple energy storage inverters connected in parallel |
| CN112202222A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Charger, charging control method and device |
| CN112671055A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-04-16 | 安克创新科技股份有限公司 | Power distribution method and charging equipment |
| CN113629806A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-09 | 闪极科技(深圳)有限公司 | Multi-interface charger with freely-distributed output power |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| An AC-DC Hybrid Multi-Port Energy Router With Coordinated Control and Energy Management Strategies;Liu, B (Liu, Bin) et al.;IEEE ACCESS;第2019卷(第7期);全文 * |
| V2G技术在微电网中控制的研究与仿真;曹华锋等;电气开关;第55卷(第6期);全文 * |
| 直流快速充电机功率自动分配控制策略;王艳;宋海飞;曹亚;;测控技术(07);全文 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114094662A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN114094662B (en) | Intelligent power distribution method of multi-port quick charger | |
| CN105656162B (en) | Quick charging system and method based on USB PD agreements | |
| US7603570B2 (en) | Power delivery over ethernet cables | |
| EP3080705A1 (en) | Automatic load share architecture for usb port power | |
| CN107681720B (en) | Charging apparatus and charging method thereof | |
| US8719601B2 (en) | Dynamic remaining maximum power allocation to secondary port while staying within optimal efficiency range of power supply | |
| US10860074B2 (en) | Power supply system and semiconductor device used for the same | |
| CN104395854B (en) | System and method for the managing power consumption in computer installation | |
| CN205595871U (en) | Quick charging system based on USBPD agreement | |
| CN105981478A (en) | Power splitter for a variable number of loads and power splitting method | |
| JP5986143B2 (en) | Method for managing power consumption of function expansion device, portable electronic device, and function expansion device | |
| CN112671055A (en) | Power distribution method and charging equipment | |
| WO2020141511A1 (en) | Controlled power adapter | |
| WO2006048867A1 (en) | System for providing power over ethernet through a patch panel | |
| CN113472043A (en) | double-Type-C port shared charging power charger and intelligent output power distribution method thereof | |
| US10627890B2 (en) | Bridge module and operation method thereof | |
| CN113595213B (en) | power distribution device | |
| CN116729188B (en) | Method and system for distributing multi-section power of direct current charging pile | |
| CN206671949U (en) | A kind of power adaptation device assembly for possessing performance enhancement function | |
| TWI795898B (en) | power distribution device | |
| CN108736540B (en) | Intelligent video data converter and intelligent power supply method thereof | |
| TWI818849B (en) | Expansion apparatus with power management function | |
| CN106786900B (en) | Terminal, equipment in the capacity expansion, charging method and charging method | |
| CN212572151U (en) | Charging device and charging system | |
| CN215498357U (en) | Quick charging circuit, quick charging circuit framework and terminal equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |