CN114094639B - Photovoltaic power station transient frequency active support self-adaptive control method, system and device - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power station transient frequency active support self-adaptive control method, system and device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光伏发电与光伏并网频率主动支撑控制领域，涉及光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制方法、系统及装置。The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic grid-connected frequency active support control, and relates to a photovoltaic power station transient frequency active support adaptive control method, system and device.
背景技术Background technique
随着电力系统光伏渗透率的逐步增加，现行的电力系统安全稳定导则已要求光伏电站参与电力系统的频率调整。而针对光伏电站的参与电力系统频率调整问题的研究，特别是在新能源电力系统发生源侧光伏有功出力大幅度突降暂态事件。With the gradual increase of photovoltaic penetration in the power system, the current safety and stability guidelines for the power system have required photovoltaic power plants to participate in the frequency adjustment of the power system. For the research on the frequency adjustment of the photovoltaic power station's participation in the power system, especially in the new energy power system, the source-side photovoltaic active output suddenly drops transiently.
目前，针对光伏电站参与电力系统频率调整的问题。第一，现有研究多关注常规负荷长期小范围波动下的光伏电站有功调节，对发生暂态事件下诸如源侧光伏出力突变时的光伏电站暂态频率调节问题未有较多涉及。第二，现有研究大多忽略了光伏电站自身光照-有功转化系数的时变问题，将其近似为常数处理，所提的有功定分配系数对电力系统暂态响应性能的鲁棒性较差。At present, it is aimed at the problem of photovoltaic power plants participating in power system frequency adjustment. First, the existing research focuses more on the active power regulation of photovoltaic power plants under long-term small-scale fluctuations of conventional loads, and does not involve much in the transient frequency regulation of photovoltaic power plants under transient events such as sudden changes in source-side photovoltaic output. Second, most of the existing research ignores the time-varying problem of the photovoltaic power station's own light-active power conversion coefficient and treats it as a constant. The proposed fixed active power distribution coefficient is less robust to the transient response performance of the power system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本申请提供了光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制方法、系统及装置，从而有效解决了或者至少缓解了现有技术中存在的上述问题和其他方面的问题中的一个或多个。In view of this, the present application provides a photovoltaic power plant transient frequency active support adaptive control method, system and device, thereby effectively solving or at least alleviating one or more of the above-mentioned problems and other problems existing in the prior art indivual.
本公开的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：The purpose of this disclosure can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
根据本申请的一个方面，提供光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制方法，电力系统发生源侧光伏有功出力大幅度突降暂态事件时，所述控制方法包括：According to one aspect of the present application, an adaptive control method for actively supporting the transient frequency of a photovoltaic power station is provided. When a transient event of a large sudden drop in the source-side photovoltaic active output occurs in the power system, the control method includes:
评估电力系统的功率缺额水平，各光伏电站分摊的有功功率补充至电力系统，各光伏电站分摊有功功率的总额与电力系统的功率缺额相近；Assess the power deficit level of the power system, and the active power apportioned by each photovoltaic power station is supplemented to the power system, and the total amount of active power apportioned by each photovoltaic power station is similar to the power deficit of the power system;
对电力系统内进行参与电力系统的功率缺额补充的光伏电站进行制定自适应控制策略，通过自适应控制策略对参与电力系统的功率缺额补充的光伏电站进行生成各光伏电站的有功功率分摊系数，有功功率分摊系数用于校正光伏电站分摊的有功功率。Develop an adaptive control strategy for the photovoltaic power stations that participate in the power shortage supplement of the power system in the power system, and generate active power sharing coefficients for each photovoltaic power station through the adaptive control strategy. The power sharing factor is used to correct the active power shared by the photovoltaic power station.
可选的，评估电力系统的功率缺额水平通过电力系统频率信息的变化进行判别。Optionally, the estimated power deficit level of the power system is judged by changes in the frequency information of the power system.
可选的，评估电力系统的功率缺额水平通过电力系统频率信息的变化进行判别，包括以下步骤：Optionally, evaluating the power deficit level of the power system is judged by the change of the frequency information of the power system, including the following steps:
电力系统功率变化量和频率偏移量之间的定量关系函数呈现：The quantitative relationship function between power system power variation and frequency offset is presented as:
通过监测到电力系统的当前频率偏移量Δf，在已知电力系统惯性时间常数H和阻尼系数D的情况下推算出电力系统的功率缺额水平ΔP；By monitoring the current frequency offset Δf of the power system, the power deficit level ΔP of the power system is calculated when the inertia time constant H and the damping coefficient D of the power system are known;
电力系统的惯性时间常数进行估计如下：The inertial time constant of the power system is estimated as follows:
式中，N和M分别为光伏电站数量与同步发电机数量，Hi,PV是电力系统中第i座光伏电站的惯性时间常数，Si,PV为第i座光伏电站的装机容量；Hi,SG是电力系统中第i座同步发电机的惯性时间常数，Si,SG为电力系统中第i座同步发电机的装机容量。In the formula, N and M are the number of photovoltaic power stations and synchronous generators respectively, Hi ,PV is the inertial time constant of the i-th photovoltaic power station in the power system, S i,PV is the installed capacity of the i-th photovoltaic power station; H i,SG is the inertia time constant of the i-th synchronous generator in the power system, and S i,SG is the installed capacity of the i-th synchronous generator in the power system.
可选的，针对于光伏电站的有功功率分摊系数Kci的获取包括以下步骤：Optionally, the acquisition of the active power sharing coefficient K ci for the photovoltaic power station includes the following steps:
以下性能目标函数：The following performance objective function:
利用梯度法可求出电力系统的自适应规律为：Using the gradient method, the adaptive law of the power system can be obtained as:
式中η为参考模型的梯度下降系数。where η is the gradient descent coefficient of the reference model.
根据本申请的又一个方面，提供光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制系统，电力系统发生源侧光伏有功出力大幅度突降暂态事件时，所述控制系统包括以下模块：According to another aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic power plant transient frequency active support adaptive control system is provided. When a transient event occurs in the power system where the source-side photovoltaic active output drops sharply, the control system includes the following modules:
处理模块：评估电力系统的功率缺额水平，各光伏电站分摊的有功功率补充至电力系统，各光伏电站分摊有功功率的总额与电力系统的功率缺额相近；Processing module: Evaluate the power deficit level of the power system, supplement the active power shared by each photovoltaic power station to the power system, and the total amount of active power shared by each photovoltaic power station is similar to the power deficit of the power system;
校正模块：对电力系统内进行参与电力系统的功率缺额补充的光伏电站进行制定自适应控制策略，通过自适应控制策略对参与电力系统的功率缺额补充的光伏电站进行生成各光伏电站的有功功率分摊系数，有功功率分摊系数用于校正光伏电站分摊的有功功率。Calibration module: formulate an adaptive control strategy for the photovoltaic power stations participating in the power shortage supplement of the power system in the power system, and generate active power sharing for each photovoltaic power station through the adaptive control strategy for the photovoltaic power stations participating in the power shortage supplement of the power system Coefficient, the active power sharing coefficient is used to correct the active power shared by the photovoltaic power station.
可选的，评估电力系统的功率缺额水平通过电力系统频率信息的变化进行判别。Optionally, the estimated power deficit level of the power system is judged by changes in the frequency information of the power system.
可选的，评估电力系统的功率缺额水平通过电力系统频率信息的变化进行判别，包括以下步骤：Optionally, evaluating the power deficit level of the power system is judged by the change of the frequency information of the power system, including the following steps:
电力系统功率变化量和频率偏移量之间的定量关系函数呈现：The quantitative relationship function between power system power variation and frequency offset is presented as:
通过监测到电力系统的当前频率偏移量Δf，在已知电力系统惯性时间常数H和阻尼系数D的情况下推算出电力系统的功率缺额水平ΔP；By monitoring the current frequency offset Δf of the power system, the power deficit level ΔP of the power system is calculated when the inertia time constant H and the damping coefficient D of the power system are known;
电力系统的惯性时间常数进行估计如下：The inertial time constant of the power system is estimated as follows:
式中，N和M分别为光伏电站数量与同步发电机数量，Hi,PV是电力系统中第i座光伏电站的惯性时间常数，Si,PV为第i座光伏电站的装机容量；Hi,SG是电力系统中第i座同步发电机的惯性时间常数，Si,SG为电力系统中第i座同步发电机的装机容量。In the formula, N and M are the number of photovoltaic power stations and synchronous generators respectively, Hi ,PV is the inertial time constant of the i-th photovoltaic power station in the power system, S i,PV is the installed capacity of the i-th photovoltaic power station; H i,SG is the inertia time constant of the i-th synchronous generator in the power system, and S i,SG is the installed capacity of the i-th synchronous generator in the power system.
可选的，针对于光伏电站的有功功率分摊系数Kci的获取包括以下步骤：Optionally, the acquisition of the active power sharing coefficient K ci for the photovoltaic power station includes the following steps:
以下性能目标函数：The following performance objective function:
利用梯度法可求出电力系统的自适应规律为：Using the gradient method, the adaptive law of the power system can be obtained as:
式中η为参考模型的梯度下降系数。where η is the gradient descent coefficient of the reference model.
根据本申请的又一个方面，提供光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制装置，所述控制装置的使用时产生如前述的控制方法；或，所述控制装置包括执行程序，所述执行程序用于执行如前述的控制系统。According to another aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic power plant transient frequency active support adaptive control device is provided, and the use of the control device generates the aforementioned control method; or, the control device includes an execution program, and the execution program uses To implement the control system as described above.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
本发明针对传统一次调频需要检测到较大频差再动作的被动性与光伏模型中功率-光照系数的时变性问题，分别提出了光伏电站响应功率的提前主动调整与自适应分配方案，能有效提升光伏电站接入下电力系统的暂态频率响应性能，同时所用自适应方案较传统一次调频提高了有功支撑控制鲁棒性，减小了被控模型功率-光照系数的时变性对控制效果即频率响应性能的不利影响。Aiming at the passivity of the traditional primary frequency regulation and the time-varying power-illumination coefficient in the photovoltaic model, the present invention proposes the proactive adjustment and adaptive distribution schemes of the response power of the photovoltaic power station in advance, which can effectively The transient frequency response performance of the power system under the access of photovoltaic power stations is improved. At the same time, the adaptive scheme used improves the robustness of the active power support control compared with the traditional primary frequency modulation, and reduces the control effect of the time-varying power-illumination coefficient of the controlled model. detrimental effect on frequency response performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art In other words, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
图1为本申请中光伏电站模型参考自适应控制框图；Fig. 1 is a reference adaptive control block diagram of the photovoltaic power plant model in this application;
图2为本申请的实施例网络拓扑；Fig. 2 is the embodiment network topology of the present application;
图3为本申请的实施例算例频率曲线；Fig. 3 is the example frequency curve of the embodiment of the application;
图4为本申请的实施例可选的流程图。FIG. 4 is an optional flowchart of an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
首先，需要说明的是，以下将以示例方式来说明根据本申请的光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制方法、系统及装置的组成、工作原理、特点和优点等，但是应当理解的是，所有描述仅是为了举例说明而给出的，因此不应理解为对本申请形成任何的限制。First of all, it should be noted that the following will illustrate the adaptive control method for active support of transient frequency of photovoltaic power plants according to the present application, the composition, working principle, characteristics and advantages of the system and device, but it should be understood that, All descriptions are given for the purpose of illustration only, and therefore should not be construed as forming any limitation on the present application.
此外，对于在本文所提及的实施例中予以描述或隐含的任意单个技术特征，或者被显示或隐含在各附图中的任意单个技术特征，本申请仍然允许在这些技术特征(或其等同物)之间继续进行任意组合或者删减而不存在任何的技术障碍，由此获得可能未在本文中直接提及的本申请的更多其它实施例。In addition, for any single technical feature described or implied in the embodiments mentioned herein, or any single technical feature shown or implied in each drawing, the application still allows the use of these technical features (or and their equivalents) without any technical barriers, thereby obtaining more other embodiments of the present application that may not be directly mentioned herein.
实施例一：Embodiment one:
光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制方法，包括以下步骤：The transient frequency active support adaptive control method of a photovoltaic power station includes the following steps:
在电力系统量测节点监测电力系统的频率信息；Monitor the frequency information of the power system at the power system measurement node;
根据电力系统频率信息的变化，估计电力系统的功率缺额水平；Estimate the power deficit level of the power system according to the change of power system frequency information;
针对电力系统功率缺额水平，对参与调整的光伏制定模型参考自适应控制策略，自适应生成各光伏电站的功率给定量及各电站的有功功率分摊系数；According to the power shortage level of the power system, formulate a model reference adaptive control strategy for the photovoltaic participating in the adjustment, and adaptively generate the power given amount of each photovoltaic power station and the active power sharing coefficient of each power station;
光伏电站按照功率控制指令即功率给定量与既设有功功率分摊系数，提供电力系统暂态响应功率。The photovoltaic power station provides power system transient response power according to the power control command, that is, the power given amount and the existing active power sharing coefficient.
针对上述步骤，本发明将各步骤的具体实现过程阐述为：For above-mentioned steps, the present invention sets forth the specific realization process of each step as:
电力系统功率缺额水平的估计方法。Estimation method of power system shortfall level.
在经过电力系统量测节点的频率信息采集后，进一步计算电力系统的功率缺额水平，电力系统功率缺额水平的估计方法可根据电力系统功率变化量和频率偏移量之间的定量关系函数呈现：After the frequency information of the power system measurement nodes is collected, the power deficit level of the power system is further calculated. The estimation method of the power system power deficit level can be presented according to the quantitative relationship function between the power system power variation and the frequency offset:
即通过监测到电力系统的当前频率偏移量Δf，在已知电力系统惯性时间常数H和阻尼系数D的情况下推算出电力系统的功率缺额水平ΔP。对于H的获取方法，在确定电力系统中的光伏渗透率的情况下可以在已知同步机的转动惯量下对电力系统的惯性时间常数进行估计如下：That is, by monitoring the current frequency offset Δf of the power system, the power deficit level ΔP of the power system is calculated when the inertial time constant H and the damping coefficient D of the power system are known. For the acquisition method of H, in the case of determining the photovoltaic penetration rate in the power system, the inertial time constant of the power system can be estimated as follows under the known moment of inertia of the synchronous machine:
式中，N和M分别为光伏电站数量与同步发电机数量，Hi,PV是电力系统中第i座光伏电站的惯性时间常数，Si,PV为第i座光伏电站的装机容量；Hi,SG是电力系统中第i座同步发电机的惯性时间常数，Si,SG为电力系统中第i座同步发电机的装机容量。可由该式估计出电力系统的惯性时间常数。In the formula, N and M are the number of photovoltaic power stations and synchronous generators respectively, Hi ,PV is the inertial time constant of the i-th photovoltaic power station in the power system, S i,PV is the installed capacity of the i-th photovoltaic power station; H i,SG is the inertia time constant of the i-th synchronous generator in the power system, and S i,SG is the installed capacity of the i-th synchronous generator in the power system. The inertial time constant of the power system can be estimated from this formula.
电力系统发生暂态事件后的光伏电站模型参考自适应控制策略设计。The photovoltaic power plant model after a transient event in the power system refers to the design of an adaptive control strategy.
在获取电力系统功率缺额水平后需要对电力系统内各光伏电站的有功给定值进行合理分配，考虑到各光伏电站在进行功率点跟踪时的等效功率-光照转化系数N(s)的随机性与时变性，光伏电站的有功功率-频率控制模型存在未知参数。对此，可参考模型参考自适应控制思想，以两座光伏电站为例，通过引入可调功率分摊系数Kci(i＝1，2，…，n)，Kci为第i个电站的有功功率分摊系数。采用自适应机构对其进行实时调节，使其输出特性即实际频率响应特性Δf与目标参考模型传递函数的输出特性目标频率响应特性Δfm近似相同下，以实现光伏并网下更好的电力系统暂态响应性能，具体思路如图1所示；After obtaining the power shortage level of the power system, it is necessary to reasonably allocate the given value of active power of each photovoltaic power station in the power system. There are unknown parameters in the active power-frequency control model of photovoltaic power plants. In this regard, you can refer to the model reference adaptive control idea, taking two photovoltaic power stations as an example, by introducing an adjustable power sharing coefficient K ci (i=1, 2,...,n), K ci is the active power of the i-th power station power sharing factor. The adaptive mechanism is used to adjust it in real time, so that the output characteristics, that is, the actual frequency response characteristics Δf and the output characteristics of the target reference model transfer function, the target frequency response characteristics Δf m are approximately the same, so as to achieve a better power system under photovoltaic grid-connected Transient response performance, the specific idea is shown in Figure 1;
如图1中各变量参数含义阐述为：TPV为光伏功率控制环时间常数，T1～Tn为光伏一次调频功率给定值下发至逆变器的通讯时间常数，k1～kn依次为例中n个光伏电站调频的频率-有功功率一次调频下垂系数，A为电力系统光伏渗透率，R为电力系统同步机调速器调差系数，T为同步机功率执行时间常数，a为汽轮机等效传递系数，H和D分别为电力系统总等效惯性时间常数与等效阻尼系数。ΔPref1～ΔPrefn为经过模型参考自适应控制校正生成经过功率分摊之后的n个光伏电站各自的有功功率给定量，生成方法为先参考式(1)中的估计方法生成总缺额量ΔPall再进行分摊。The meaning of each variable parameter in Figure 1 is explained as follows: T PV is the time constant of the photovoltaic power control loop, T 1 ~ T n is the communication time constant for the given value of the primary frequency modulation power of the photovoltaic power to the inverter, k 1 ~ k n Take the droop coefficient of primary frequency modulation frequency-active power of n photovoltaic power stations as an example in turn, A is the photovoltaic penetration rate of the power system, R is the difference adjustment coefficient of the synchronous machine governor of the power system, T is the synchronous machine power execution time constant, a is the equivalent transfer coefficient of the steam turbine, H and D are the total equivalent inertia time constant and equivalent damping coefficient of the power system, respectively. ΔP ref1 ~ ΔP refn are the active power references of the n photovoltaic power plants after power sharing after the model reference adaptive control correction. The generation method is to first refer to the estimation method in formula (1) to generate the total deficit amount Make an apportionment.
针对电力系统光照大幅度骤降引起的暂态功率缺失问题，控制策略通过检测到频率变化量信息Δf，按(1)中功率缺额估计方法估算出电力系统当前的功率缺额水平ΔPall，然后经过各电站自身的有功功率分摊系数可计算出各自的功率需要调整的功率给定量。其次，考虑到各光伏电站的等效有功功率-光照转化系数Nr(s)的不确定性与时变性特点，为保证电力系统各电站所施加的功率给定量结果准确性，可引入一参考模型：Aiming at the problem of transient power loss caused by a large and sudden drop in illumination in the power system, the control strategy estimates the current power deficit level ΔP all of the power system by detecting the frequency change information Δf according to the power deficit estimation method in (1), and then passes The active power sharing coefficient of each power station can calculate the power given amount that needs to be adjusted for each power station. Secondly, considering the uncertainty and time-varying characteristics of the equivalent active power-illumination conversion coefficient N r (s) of each photovoltaic power station, in order to ensure the accuracy of the power given by each power station in the power system, a reference can be introduced Model:
式中N(s)/D(s)＝Δf/ΔP，Km为参考电力系统的比例系数，基于模型参考自适应控制思想，为克服Nr(s)不可观测，随机时变即被控对象模型参数变化造成的电力系统已生成的各电站的调频功率给定量ΔPref1～ΔPrefn缺乏时效性问题，需要重新校正各电站的ΔPref1～ΔPrefn，因此引入各电站的功率分摊系数Kci，通过自适应机构调节各电站的Kci重新校正各电站的功率给定量，补偿Nr(s)时变造成的控制精度问题，可实现实际电力系统的暂态频率响应特性Δf接近于参考电力系统的目标暂态响应特性Δfm，对于Kci的自适应调节律确定方法，可选以下性能目标函数：In the formula, N(s)/D(s)=Δf/ΔP, K m is the proportional coefficient of the reference power system, based on the idea of model reference adaptive control, in order to overcome the unobservable N r (s), random time-varying is controlled The frequency modulation power references ΔP ref1 ~ ΔP refn of each power station generated by the power system due to the change of the object model parameters lack timeliness. It is necessary to recalibrate the ΔP ref1 ~ ΔP refn of each power station, so the power sharing coefficient K ci of each power station is introduced , through the self-adaptive mechanism to adjust the K ci of each power station to recalibrate the given power of each power station, and to compensate the control accuracy problem caused by the time-varying N r (s), the transient frequency response characteristic Δf of the actual power system can be close to the reference power For the target transient response characteristic Δf m of the system, the following performance objective function can be selected for the determination method of K ci adaptive regulation law:
利用梯度法可求出电力系统的自适应规律为：Using the gradient method, the adaptive law of the power system can be obtained as:
式中η为参考模型的梯度下降系数，可以根据需要指定。In the formula, η is the gradient descent coefficient of the reference model, which can be specified as required.
特别是在电力系统发生暂态事件时，可发挥光伏电站自身的快速响应性特点，令有减载备用的光伏提供功率的紧急支撑，以实现对电力系统暂态响应性能的提升。如此，一方面可发挥光伏电站参与电网频率响应的快速性优势，保证在光伏电站取代等额同步机组并网后系统仍具备较好的暂态频率响应性能；另一方面，采用自适应控制方法灵活更改各光伏电站的有功分摊系数可提高光伏电站群对系统暂态频率响应的性能鲁棒性。Especially when a transient event occurs in the power system, the rapid response characteristics of the photovoltaic power station can be used to make the photovoltaic with load shedding backup provide emergency support for power, so as to improve the transient response performance of the power system. In this way, on the one hand, it can take advantage of the rapidity of photovoltaic power plants participating in the frequency response of the power grid to ensure that the system still has good transient frequency response performance after photovoltaic power plants replace equal synchronous units and connect to the grid; on the other hand, the flexible adaptive control method Changing the active power sharing coefficient of each photovoltaic power station can improve the performance robustness of the photovoltaic power station group to the transient frequency response of the system.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制系统，包括以下控制模块：The transient frequency active support adaptive control system of photovoltaic power plants includes the following control modules:
处理模块：评估电力系统的功率缺额水平，各光伏电站分摊的有功功率补充至电力系统，各光伏电站分摊有功功率的总额与电力系统的功率缺额相近；Processing module: Evaluate the power deficit level of the power system, supplement the active power shared by each photovoltaic power station to the power system, and the total amount of active power shared by each photovoltaic power station is similar to the power deficit of the power system;
校正模块：对电力系统内进行参与电力系统的功率缺额补充的光伏电站进行制定自适应控制策略，通过自适应控制策略对参与电力系统的功率缺额补充的光伏电站进行生成各光伏电站的有功功率分摊系数，有功功率分摊系数用于校正光伏电站分摊的有功功率。针对于如何具体实施，可参照实施例一。从而能够对传统一次调频需要检测到较大频差再动作的被动性与光伏模型中功率-光照系数的时变性问题，分别提出了光伏电站响应功率的提前主动调整与自适应分配方案，能有效提升光伏电站接入下电力系统的暂态频率响应性能，同时所用自适应方案较传统一次调频提高了有功支撑控制鲁棒性，减小了被控模型功率-光照系数的时变性对控制效果即频率响应性能的不利影响。Calibration module: formulate an adaptive control strategy for the photovoltaic power stations participating in the power shortage supplement of the power system in the power system, and generate active power sharing for each photovoltaic power station through the adaptive control strategy for the photovoltaic power stations participating in the power shortage supplement of the power system Coefficient, the active power sharing coefficient is used to correct the active power shared by the photovoltaic power station. For how to implement it specifically, refer to Embodiment 1. In order to deal with the passivity of the traditional primary frequency regulation and the time-varying power-illumination coefficient in the photovoltaic model, the proactive adjustment and adaptive allocation schemes of the response power of the photovoltaic power station are respectively proposed, which can effectively The transient frequency response performance of the power system under the access of photovoltaic power stations is improved. At the same time, the adaptive scheme used improves the robustness of the active power support control compared with the traditional primary frequency modulation, and reduces the control effect of the time-varying power-illumination coefficient of the controlled model. detrimental effect on frequency response performance.
实施例三：Embodiment three:
提供光伏电站暂态频率主动支撑自适应控制装置，所述控制装置的使用时产生如实施例一的控制方法；或，所述控制装置包括执行程序，所述执行程序用于执行如实施例二的控制系统；从而能够对传统一次调频需要检测到较大频差再动作的被动性与光伏模型中功率-光照系数的时变性问题，分别提出了光伏电站响应功率的提前主动调整与自适应分配方案，能有效提升光伏电站接入下电力系统的暂态频率响应性能，同时所用自适应方案较传统一次调频提高了有功支撑控制鲁棒性，减小了被控模型功率-光照系数的时变性对控制效果即频率响应性能的不利影响。Provide a photovoltaic power plant transient frequency active support adaptive control device, the use of the control device generates the control method as in the first embodiment; or, the control device includes an execution program, and the execution program is used to execute the control method as in the second embodiment The control system of the control system; so as to solve the problem of the passivity of the traditional primary frequency adjustment and the time-varying power-illumination coefficient in the photovoltaic model, the advance active adjustment and adaptive distribution of the response power of the photovoltaic power station are respectively proposed The scheme can effectively improve the transient frequency response performance of the power system under the connection of photovoltaic power plants. At the same time, the adaptive scheme used improves the robustness of active power support control compared with the traditional primary frequency modulation, and reduces the time-varying nature of the controlled model power-illumination coefficient. Adverse effects on the control effect, that is, the frequency response performance.
如实施例一、实施例二和实施例三，研究光伏并网下的暂态频率主动支撑模型参考自适应控制支撑策略，利用光伏电站的减载备用容量为电力系统提供暂态功率支援与频率主动支撑。实现电力系统的暂态频率响应性能的提升，以如下五机两区域电力系统为例进行说明：As in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3, study the transient frequency active support model under photovoltaic grid-connected reference adaptive control support strategy, and use the load shedding reserve capacity of photovoltaic power plants to provide transient power support and frequency for the power system Active support. To realize the improvement of the transient frequency response performance of the power system, take the following five-machine two-region power system as an example to illustrate:
图2中实施例电力系统包括两处源侧发电机群，区域1由2座同步发电机组：SG1、SG2，作为电力系统的同步电源，区域2主要由三座光伏电站：PV1、PV2、PV3组成。各电站中包括若干光伏阵列，完成集中并网。通过模拟PV1光照大幅度骤降而导致区域2送出有功功率下降的暂态事件，同时设SG1、SG2、PV2、PV3存有有功备用，可利用四者中的有功备用按照第二步采用模型参考自适应控制为电力系统提供暂态功率主动支撑，设两座光伏电站的调频响应时间常数分别为T1和T2。The power system of the embodiment in Figure 2 includes two generator groups on the source side. Area 1 is composed of two synchronous generator sets: SG1 and SG2, which are used as synchronous power sources of the power system. Area 2 is mainly composed of three photovoltaic power plants: PV1, PV2, and PV3. . Each power station includes a number of photovoltaic arrays to complete centralized grid connection. By simulating the transient event in which the active power from area 2 drops due to a large and sudden drop in PV1 illumination, and at the same time, SG1, SG2, PV2, and PV3 are set to store active power reserves, the active power reserves among the four can be used according to the second step to adopt the model reference Adaptive control provides active transient power support for the power system, and the frequency modulation response time constants of the two photovoltaic power plants are set to be T 1 and T 2 , respectively.
基于图2的所选参数情况，电力系统主要等效参数选择如下所示：Based on the selected parameters in Figure 2, the main equivalent parameters of the power system are selected as follows:
表1电力系统主要控制参数选择结果Table 1 Selection results of main control parameters of power system
在上述主要数据设置基础上，通过模拟PV1侧光照强度由1000W/m2大幅度骤减至200W/m2的光伏出力突降事件，根据所测得的光照变化量后根据所述模型参考自适应控制器生成各电站的有功给定值序列，并分析电力系统的频率暂态响应情况。On the basis of the above main data settings, by simulating the PV output sudden drop event in which the side light intensity of PV1 drops sharply from 1000W/m 2 to 200W/m 2 The adaptive controller generates the active power given value sequence of each power station, and analyzes the frequency transient response of the power system.
通过选择不同的控制策略，分别标注如下：By selecting different control strategies, they are marked as follows:
①模型参考自适应控制更改各电站功率分摊系数Kci，修正分配SG1、SG2、PV1、PV2、PV3有功控制给定值用以实现电力系统暂态功率快速主动支撑；① The model refers to the adaptive control to change the power sharing coefficient K ci of each power station, and to modify and allocate the given values of active power control of SG1, SG2, PV1, PV2, and PV3 to realize the rapid and active support of the transient power of the power system;
②利用惯量控制对SG1、SG2、PV1、PV2、PV3有功出力进行调整实现电力系统暂态功率被动支撑；② Use inertia control to adjust the active output of SG1, SG2, PV1, PV2, and PV3 to realize passive support of power system transient power;
③仅采用惯量控制对同步机SG1、SG2进行出力被动调节，光伏未按电力系统灵活可调资源改造，不参与暂态响应；如图3所示；③ Only inertia control is used to passively adjust the output of synchronous machines SG1 and SG2, and photovoltaics are not transformed according to the flexible and adjustable resources of the power system, and do not participate in transient response; as shown in Figure 3;
通过对比采用不同控制方式形成的上述结果，可以看出，采用模型参考自适应控制调整光伏出力可以实现更好的电力系统暂态频率响应性能，同时相较普通如对光伏的虚拟惯量控制手段，通过检测到频率变化后再采取出力调节动作的方法具有更好的暂态响应性能，同时，相较有备用光伏完全不参与电力系统暂态响应的情况，所提的模型参考自适应方法对频率的改善效果更为明显。By comparing the above results formed by different control methods, it can be seen that the use of model reference adaptive control to adjust photovoltaic output can achieve better power system transient frequency response performance. The method of taking output adjustment actions after detecting the frequency change has better transient response performance. At the same time, compared with the case where there is a spare photovoltaic that does not participate in the transient response of the power system at all, the proposed model refers to the adaptive method for frequency The improvement effect is more obvious.
以上例子主要说明了插磁钢机的供料机构、插入机构以及插磁钢机。尽管只对其中一些本申请的实施方式进行了描述，但是本领域普通技术人员应当了解，本申请可以在不偏离其主旨与范围内以许多其他的形式实施。因此，所展示的例子与实施方式被视为示意性的而非限制性的，在不脱离如所附各权利要求所定义的本申请精神及范围的情况下，本申请可能涵盖各种的修改与替换。The above examples mainly illustrate the feeding mechanism, insertion mechanism and magnet insertion machine of the magnet insertion machine. Although only some of the embodiments of the application have been described, those skilled in the art should understand that the application can be implemented in many other forms without departing from the gist and scope thereof. The examples and implementations shown are therefore to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive, and the application may cover various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined in the appended claims with replace.
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| CN112701698A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-23 | 国网电力科学研究院有限公司 | Fan transient frequency active supporting method and system for dealing with power grid fault and storage medium |
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