CN114089335B - Mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on monorail InSAR - Google Patents
Mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on monorail InSAR Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-track InSAR-based three-dimensional deformation extraction method for mining subsidence in mountainous areas, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing a LOS direction deformation equation according to a geometric projection relation between line-of-sight LOS deformation monitored by D-InSAR and surface three-dimensional deformation, then fusing the LOS direction deformation equation and deformation rules of the mining subsidence in mountainous areas, and solving the LOS direction deformation equation on the basis of providing relevant boundary conditions, thereby realizing the new single-track InSAR-based three-dimensional deformation extraction method for mining subsidence in mountainous areas based on a ground observation technology. The method has high extraction precision of three-dimensional deformation, and meets the requirement of mining subsidence monitoring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of earth observation, and particularly relates to a mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on a monorail InSAR.
Background
The exploitation of underground mineral resources is easy to break the original stress balance state of an overlying rock stratum, so that the rock stratum and the ground surface move and deform, and a series of mine geological environment problems and disasters (such as aquifer damage, ground surface collapse, mountain landslide and building damage) are caused. Therefore, monitoring and predicting the three-dimensional deformation of the mine ground surface have a crucial role in evaluating potential geological disasters and analyzing the subsidence mechanism of the mining area.
The traditional mining subsidence ground surface three-dimensional deformation monitoring method based on the single-line-of-sight technology is constructed by fusing the mining subsidence rules of a flat underground horizontal and inclined coal seam, and is not suitable for monitoring the mining subsidence ground surface three-dimensional deformation in mountainous areas.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new single-track InSAR-based mountain mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on single-track InSAR.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a mountain mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on single-track InSAR comprises the following steps:
acquiring SAR image data of a research area to perform differential interference to obtain a mountain area mining subsidence LOS deformation field;
establishing a mountain area mining subsidence ground surface deformation model, wherein the subsidence and horizontal movement of any point of the mountain area mining subsidence can be expressed as follows:
W M (x,y)＝W P (x,y)+W P (x,y)D xy P(x,y)tan 2 α xy (1)
in the formula: w is a group of P (x, y) and U P (x, y) is respectively the subsidence value of any point (x, y) of the ground surface of the plain area under the same geological mining condition and the subsidence value of any point (x, y) along the edge
-a horizontal movement value of the direction; d xy The surface movement characteristic coefficient is obtained;
is the predicted direction angle; phi is a xy The slope direction of the earth surface (x, y) point; alpha is alpha xy Slope P [ x ] of surface (x, y) point]Is a slip influence function of a point x on the main section; p [ y ]]Is a slip influence function of a point y on the inclined main section;
obtaining the relation between LOS deformation and mountain mining subsidence ground surface three-dimensional deformation through a mountain mining subsidence ground surface deformation model, and deducing the relation between LOS deformation and flat mining subsidence;
combining the LOS direction deformation field of the mountain mining subsidence and the relation between the LOS direction deformation and the flat land mining subsidence to obtain an observation equation between the LOS direction deformation field of the mountain mining subsidence and the flat land mining subsidence;
solving a subsidence deformation field of the flat mining subsidence ground surface in the research area according to the observation equation;
and calculating the mining subsidence ground surface subsidence deformation field of the research area, the east-west horizontal movement of the mining subsidence of the research area and the north-south horizontal movement of the mining subsidence of the research area according to the mining subsidence ground surface subsidence deformation field of the research area.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the slip influence function P [ x ] of the point x on the main section is specifically calculated as follows:
P[x]＝P(x)-P(L-x)-1 (3)
the slip influence function Py of the point y on the inclined main section is specifically calculated as follows:
P[y]＝P(y)-P(l-y)-1 (5)
in the formula: r is the major radius of influence; a, P and t are all slippage influence parameters;
thus, the slip impact function at any point (x, y) on the surface can be expressed as:
let A1 be D xy P(x,y)tan 2 α xy And (3) simplifying the formula (1) in form, and then transforming the simplified mountain mining subsidence ground surface subsidence formula (1) into:
W M (x,y)＝W P (x,y)+A1×W P (x,y) (8)
same order
The simplified formula (2) for horizontal movement of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area is transformed into:
U M (x,y)＝U P (x,y)+B1×W P (x,y) (9)
then the horizontal movement in the north-south direction and the horizontal movement in the east-west direction at any point of the mining surface of the mountain area can be expressed as:
in the formula:
according to the principle of the flat ground probability integration method, the A (x, y) point of the ground surface is along any direction under the flat ground mining condition
Is such that the point sinks at a value of
The directional derivative in the direction, the tilt value of point a (x, y) in the east-west direction and the north-south direction can be expressed as:
according to the mining subsidence principle, the A (x, y) point of the ground surface is along any direction under the condition of flat mining
There is the following relationship between horizontal movement and tilt:
in the formula: b is a horizontal movement coefficient;
the following equations (12) to (15) are combined to obtain:
in the formula:
-the working face is rotated anticlockwise to an included angle in the due north direction;
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the process of obtaining the relation between the LOS deformation and the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area through the deformation model of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area is as follows:
according to the arrangement relation of D-InSAR LOS to adjacent pixels of a deformation field, assuming that the flat ground settlement value of any pixel under the mining condition of the mountain area is
Then equations (12) - (15) written in differential form can be expressed as:
after substituting equations (20) and (21) back to equations (10) and (11), respectively, equations (10) and (11) can be expressed as:
according to the monitoring principle of the D-InSAR technology, the LOS deformation L of any pixel ij ij And sink down
Move horizontally in east-west direction
Moving horizontally in north-south direction
The following geometric projection relation exists:
in the formula:
A4(i,j)＝cosθ ij ；θ ij is the satellite incident angle; psi ij Is the satellite flight direction azimuth;
and the formula (24) is a relation between LOS direction deformation and three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the specific process of deducing the relation between the LOS direction deformation and the flat mining subsidence according to the relation between the LOS direction deformation and the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area is as follows:
substituting equations (22) and (23) into equation (24) and simplifying to obtain:
in the formula:
the formula (25) is the relationship between LOS deformation and flat mining subsidence.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the specific process of obtaining the observation equation between the LOS direction deformation of the mountain mining subsidence and the flat ground mining subsidence by combining the LOS direction deformation field of the mountain mining subsidence and the relationship between the LOS direction deformation and the flat ground mining subsidence is as follows:
according to the mining subsidence rule, the boundary of a subsidence basin in the mining subsidence basin is often larger than that of a horizontal moving basin; the following assumptions are given: assuming that the horizontal movement of the D-InSAR monitoring LOS of the mountain mining subsidence to the boundary in the deformation basin is zero, namely the horizontal movement of the first row and the first column in the m x n deformation field of the monitoring basin is zero, the specific boundary condition is as follows:
substituting equation (26) into equation (24), the LOS to deformation field basin first row first column at this time can be expressed as:
from equation (27), we can solve for the subsidence value of the first row and the first column under flat underground mining conditions.
The joint equations (25), (26) can be derived:
in the formula:
equation (28) is an observation equation between the deformation of the mountain mining subsidence in the LOS direction and the flat mining subsidence.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the concrete process of solving the subsidence deformation field of the flat mining subsidence ground surface in the research area according to the observation equation is as follows:
step 1: calculating the settlement field under the whole flat ground mining condition according to a given boundary condition formula (27)
Sinking values of pixels in a first row and a first column;
step 2: on the basis of step 1, the sinking values of the pixels in the first row and the first column are substituted back into the formula (28), and the sinking fields can be calculated one by one from left to right
All the pixel sinking values in the second row;
and 3, step 3: on the basis of step 2, the sinking values of the pixels in the second row and the first column are substituted back into the formula (28), and the sinking fields can be calculated one by one from left to right
Sinking values of all pixels in the third row;
and 4, step 4: analogizing until the settlement value of the nth row in W (n, m) is calculated to obtain a settlement field under the condition of the whole flat mining
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the settlement field is obtained under the condition of whole flat mining
On the basis, according to the formulas (8), (22) and (23), the sinking value W of the pixel A (x, y) of any point A (x, y) of the mining surface of the mountain area can be obtained M Moving horizontally in the north-south direction
Horizontal movement in east-west direction
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the LOS direction deformation equation is established according to the geometric projection relation between the LOS direction deformation monitored by the D-InSAR and the three-dimensional deformation of the ground surface, the LOS direction deformation equation is fused with the deformation rule of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area, and the LOS direction deformation equation is solved on the basis of giving out relevant boundary conditions, so that the new method for extracting the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence in the mountainous area based on the single-track InSAR ground observation technology is realized, the method is high in three-dimensional deformation extraction precision, and the requirement for the mining subsidence monitoring precision is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of D-InSAR LOS to deformation field adjacent pixels of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a simulated mountainous DEM and a working surface of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulating three-dimensional deformation and LOS deformation of a mining subsidence ground surface in a mountainous area according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for extracting three-dimensional deformation of the earth's surface;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the three-dimensional deformation of the earth's surface extracted in the present invention and the measured value;
FIG. 7 is a map of the surface DEM of the mountainous area above the work surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the deformation of the earth's surface above the work surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional deformation map of the surface of the work surface in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 10 is a graph comparing the extracted surface subsidence with the measured subsidence in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
The movement and deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area are more complicated than those of the mining subsidence ground surface in the plain, and the movement and deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area increase the slippage caused by the influence of the terrain, the inclination direction and the dip angle of the terrain, the properties of the surface soil layer and the condition of the ground surface vegetation. According to a mountain mining surface movement deformation prediction model in the underground coal mining procedure, when calculation is carried out under the same coordinate system as a probability integration method, the subsidence and the horizontal movement of any point of the mountain surface mining subsidence can be expressed as follows:
W M (x,y)＝W P (x,y)+W P (x,y)D xy P(x,y)tan 2 α xy (1)
in the formula: w P (x, y) and U P (x, y) is respectively the subsidence value of any point (x, y) of the ground surface of the plain area under the same geological mining condition and the subsidence value of any point (x, y) along the edge
-a horizontal shift value of the direction. As can be seen from the formulas (1) and (2), the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area is based on the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the plain area, and the influence of slippage is increased.
The meaning and expression of each parameter of the surface slip influence moving deformation caused by mining in the mountainous area in the formulas (1) and (2) are as follows:
D xy as surface movement characteristic coefficients, convex features D xy 0.37 in case of concave landform D xy -0.2. When the convexity and concavity of the ground surface are judged according to the curvature of the ground surface in the application process, the following rules are provided by combining the actual surface relief condition: curvature in the range of (-infinity, -0.010)]The range is concave features and the curvature is in the range (-0.010, + ∞) for convex features.
φ xy Slope of the surface (x, y) point
α xy Slope of the earth's surface (x, y) point
P [ x ] is a slippage influence function of a point x on the main section, and the following formula is specifically calculated:
P[x]＝P(x)-P(L-x)-1 (3)
p [ y ] -is a slip influence function of a point y on the inclined main section, and is specifically calculated as the following formula:
P[y]＝P(y)-P(l-y)-1 (5)
in the formula:
r-mainly affects the radius. A, P and t-are slippage influence parameters.
Thus, the slip impact function at any point (x, y) on the surface can be expressed as:
let A1 be D xy P(x,y)tan 2 α xy And (3) formally simplifying the formula (1), converting the simplified mountain mining subsidence ground surface subsidence formula (1) into:
W M (x,y)＝W P (x,y)+A1×W P (x,y) (8)
same order
The simplified formula (2) for horizontal movement of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area is transformed into:
U M (x,y)＝U P (x,y)+B1×W P (x,y) (9)
then the horizontal movement in the north-south direction and the horizontal movement in the east-west direction at any point of the mining surface of the mountain area can be expressed as:
in the formula:
according to the principle of the flat land probability integration method, the A (x, y) point of the ground surface is along any direction under the flat land mining condition
Is the point sinkage value of
The directional derivative in the direction, the tilt value of point a (x, y) in the east-west direction and the north-south direction can be expressed as:
according to the mining subsidence principle, the A (x, y) point of the ground surface is along any direction under the condition of flat mining
There is the following relationship between horizontal movement and tilt:
in the formula: b is a horizontal movement coefficient;
the following equations (12) to (15) are combined to obtain:
in the formula:
-the working face is rotated anticlockwise to an included angle in the due north direction;
A schematic diagram of arrangement of D-InSAR LOS to adjacent pixels in a deformation field is shown in FIG. 2, and the flat land sinking value of any pixel under the mining condition of a mountain area is assumed to be
Then the writing of equations (12) - (15) in differential form can be expressed as [33,34,35]：
After substituting equations (20) and (21) back to equations (10) and (11), respectively, equations (10) and (11) can be expressed as:
according to the monitoring principle of the D-InSAR technology, the LOS deformation L of any pixel ij ij And sink down
Move horizontally in east-west direction
Moving horizontally in north-south direction
There is a geometric projection relation [34 ] as follows]：
In the formula:
A4(i,j)＝cosθ ij ；θ ij is the satellite incident angle; psi ij Is the satellite direction of flight azimuth.
Substituting equations (22) and (23) into equation (24) and simplifying to obtain:
in the formula:
according to the mining subsidence law, the boundaries of subsidence basins in mining subsidence basins are often larger than those of horizontally moving basins. The following assumptions are given: assuming that the horizontal movement of the LOS monitored by the D-InSAR for the mining subsidence in the mountainous area to the boundary in the deformation basin is zero, namely the horizontal movement of the first row and the first column in the deformation field m x n of the deformation basin is zero, wherein the specific boundary conditions are as follows:
substituting equation (26) into equation (24), the LOS to deformation field basin first row first column at this time can be expressed as:
from equation (27), we can solve for the subsidence value of the first row and the first column under flat underground mining conditions.
The joint equations (25), (26) can be derived:
in the formula:
for a large equation set (28), we give the following solution steps according to the given boundary condition formula (27):
step 1: calculating the settlement field under the whole flat ground mining condition according to a given boundary condition formula (27)
First row, second rowA column of pixel sinking values;
and 2, step: on the basis of step 1, the sinking values of the pixels in the first row and the first column are substituted back into the formula (28), and the sinking fields can be calculated one by one from left to right
All the pixel sinking values in the second row;
and step 3: on the basis of step 2, the sinking values of the pixels in the second row and the first column are substituted back into the formula (28), and the sinking fields can be calculated one by one from left to right
Sinking values of all pixels in the third row;
and 4, step 4: analogizing until the settlement value of the nth row in W (n, m) is calculated to obtain a settlement field under the condition of the whole flat mining
Settling field under the condition of obtaining whole flat ground mining
On the basis, according to the formulas (8), (22) and (23), the sinking value W of the pixel A (x, y) of any point A (x, y) of the mining surface of the mountain area can be obtained M Moving horizontally in north-south direction
Horizontal movement in east-west direction
Thereby successfully monitoring the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountain area.
The three-dimensional deformation monitoring method for the mountain area mining subsidence ground surface based on the single-sight-line D-InSAR technology is applied in the process that firstly, a LOS deformation field of the mountain area mining subsidence ground surface is obtained through a two-rail difference technology; then obtaining the strike length L, the inclination length L, the mining depth H, the horizontal movement coefficient b and the main shadow of the working face according to the related geological mining conditions of the research areaTan beta, slip influence parameters (A, P, t), and a slope direction φ of a surface point A (x, y) of a study area xy Slope of the earth's surface (x, y) point alpha xy Gradient earth surface movement characteristic coefficient D of earth surface (x, y) point xy And EW and SN direction resolutions delta x and delta y of the images, and finally, the subsidence, SN and EW direction movement and deformation of the mountain mining subsidence ground surface are extracted by utilizing the text monitoring model under the assumption that the horizontal movement of the first row and the first column of the images is zero.
Example 1
Simulation of experimental data conditions
The parameters of the geological mining conditions of the simulated working face are as follows: the mining height M is 3M, the mining depth H is 500M, the dip angle of the coal seam is 3 degrees, the dip azimuth angle is 0 degree, and the mining size of the working face along the dip and the strike size is D 1 X D3 ═ 250m × 900 m. The probability integral prediction parameters and the slip parameters of the simulation working face are as follows: the sag factor q is 0.8, the horizontal shift factor b is 0.25, the main influence factor tan β is 2.2, and the inflection offset S 1 ＝S 2 ＝S 3 ＝S 4 0, affecting the propagation angle θ 0 88 °, a 3.8, P0.2, and t 3.14. The plan view of the simulated working face and the DEM of the simulated mountain land surface are shown in FIG. 3, wherein AB and CD are respectively a trend line and a trend line, and monitoring points are respectively distributed on AB and CD at an interval of 5 m.
Based on the simulated three-dimensional deformation of the earth surface and the formula (24), simulating LOS deformation of the mining subsidence earth surface in the mountainous area, and obtaining the result shown in the following figure 4;
the data of the LOS direction deformation field of the mining earth surface in the mountainous area are simulated, and the gradient and the slope direction of each pixel are calculated based on the DEM in the simulation experiment area. And on the basis of the known relevant geological mining condition parameters, mountain land surface slip parameters and relevant boundary conditions, performing three-dimensional deformation extraction on LOS (local acoustic emission) deformation field data by using the established extraction model. Three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface of the mountain area in the research area is extracted, and the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface of the mountain area is shown in the following figure 5.
From the qualitative result of the extracted three-dimensional deformation map 5 of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area, the sizes, shapes and distribution ranges of the mining subsidence ground surface subsidence, the east-west horizontal movement and the north-south horizontal movement extracted by the method are basically consistent with the simulated actual measurement deformation field. Quantitative calculation to calculate relative error and RMSE as the standard to measure the accuracy of the extraction method. The comparison of the actual measurement deformation information and the extracted deformation information of the image element points on the two section lines of AB and CD as shown in FIG. 6 is specifically shown in the following table:
quantitative comparison analysis meter
As can be seen from the quantitative comparison of FIG. 6, the extracted three-dimensional deformation value is basically consistent with the simulated actual three-dimensional deformation value, which indicates that the three-dimensional deformation extracted by the method can basically and completely reflect the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence earth surface in the mountainous area. In general, the extraction accuracy in the vertical direction and the east-west direction is better than 10mm, and although the accuracy of the extracted north-south horizontal movement reaches 18mm, the actual deformation value is small compared with the south-north horizontal movement. Therefore, the method is feasible for monitoring the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area.
Example 2
Sentinel data which is freely provided for users all over the world from 2015 is utilized, the sentinel data consists of two independent satellites, most regions are covered by one satellite, the repeated visit time of the satellites is 12 days, part of the regions are covered by two satellites, and the repeated visit time is 6 days; FIG. 7 is a mountain ground DEM above 61101 working surface; FIG. 8 shows the deformation of the surface above the 61101 surface between 2016, 10, 02 and 2017, 1, 18;
three-dimensional deformation extraction is carried out on LOS (LOSs of tolerance) deformation field data by using the method, and the three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountain area of the extracted 61101 working face is shown as the following figure 9; FIG. 10 the method herein extracts surface subsidence compared to measured subsidence.
The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a LOS direction deformation equation according to a geometric projection relation between line of sight (LOS) deformation monitored by a D-InSAR and surface three-dimensional deformation, then fusing the LOS direction deformation equation and a mountain area mining subsidence surface deformation rule, and solving the LOS direction deformation equation on the basis of giving out relevant boundary conditions, so that the new mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on the single-track InSAR earth observation technology is realized. Simulation experiments show that the method provided by the invention is used for monitoring the relative errors of the subsidence of the earth surface as follows: 16.07 mm-15.90 mm, the accuracy of extracting the sinking value is better than 8.86mm, the relative error of monitoring the horizontal movement in the north-south direction and the east-west direction is-31.65 mm-36.48 mm, the accuracy of extracting the horizontal movement value is better than 18.01mm, the requirement of mining sinking monitoring accuracy is met, and the feasibility of the method is verified by a simulation experiment result.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method based on a monorail InSAR is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring SAR image data of a research area to perform differential interference to obtain a mountain area mining subsidence LOS deformation field;
establishing a mountain area mining subsidence ground surface deformation model, wherein the subsidence and horizontal movement of any point of the mountain area mining subsidence can be expressed as:
W M (x,y)＝W P (x,y)+W P (x,y)D xy P(x,y)tan 2 α xy (1)
in the formula: w is a group of P (x, y) and U P (x, y) is respectively the subsidence value of any point (x, y) of the ground surface of the plain area under the same geological mining condition and the subsidence value of any point (x, y) along the edge
-a horizontal movement value of the direction; d xy The surface movement characteristic coefficient is obtained;
is the predicted direction angle; phi is a xy The slope direction of the earth surface (x, y) point; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") xy Slope of surface (x, y) point, Px]Is a slip influence function of a point x on the main section; p [ y ]]Is a slip influence function of a point y on the inclined main section; p (x, y) represents a slip function; the slip influence function P [ x ] of the point x on the main section]The following formula is specifically calculated:
P[x]＝P(x)-P(L-x)-1 (3)
in the formula: p (x) represents a main section slip influence function of the working face trend, and L represents the working face trend length;
the slip influence function Py of the point y on the inclined main section is specifically calculated as follows:
P[y]＝P(y)-P(l-y)-1 (5)
in the formula: p (y) represents a main section slip influence function of the working face inclination; r is the major radius of influence; a, P and t are all slippage influence parameters; a is a translation parameter caused by the inclination of the boundary, P is a translation parameter caused by the inclination of the earth surface, t is an earth surface soil property slippage parameter, and l is an inclination length;
thus, the slip impact function at any point (x, y) on the surface can be expressed as:
let A1 be D xy P(x,y)tan 2 α xy And (3) formally simplifying the formula (1), converting the simplified mountain mining subsidence ground surface subsidence formula (1) into:
W M (x,y)＝W P (x,y)+A1×W P (x,y) (8)
same order
The simplified formula (2) for horizontal movement of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area is transformed into:
U M (x,y)＝U P (x,y)+B1×W P (x,y) (9)
then the horizontal movement in the north-south direction and the horizontal movement in the east-west direction at any point of the mining surface of the mountain area can be expressed as:
in the formula:
according to the principle of the flat ground probability integration method, the A (x, y) point of the ground surface is along any direction under the flat ground mining condition
Is such that the point sinks at a value of
The directional derivatives in the directions, the sum of points A (x, y) in the east-west directionThe value of the north-south tilt can be expressed as:
according to the mining subsidence principle, the A (x, y) point of the ground surface is along any direction under the condition of flat mining
There is the following relationship between horizontal movement and tilt:
in the formula: b is a horizontal movement coefficient in the probability integration method parameter;
the following equations (12) to (15) are combined to obtain:
in the formula:
-the working face rotates anticlockwise to the included angle in the due north direction;
obtaining the relation between LOS deformation and mountain mining subsidence ground surface three-dimensional deformation through a mountain mining subsidence ground surface deformation model, and deducing the relation between LOS deformation and flat mining subsidence, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps:
according to the arrangement relation of D-InSAR LOS to adjacent pixels of a deformation field, assuming that the flat ground settlement value of any pixel under the mining condition of the mountain area is
Then equations (12) - (15) written in differential form can be expressed as:
after substituting equations (20) and (21) back to equations (10) and (11), respectively, equations (10) and (11) can be expressed as:
according to the monitoring principle of the D-InSAR technology, the LOS deformation L of any pixel ij ij And sink down
Move horizontally in east-west direction
Moving horizontally in north-south direction
The following geometric projection relation exists:
in the formula:
A4(i,j)＝cosθ ij ；θ ij is the satellite incident angle; psi ij Is the satellite flight direction azimuth;
the formula (24) is a relation between LOS deformation and three-dimensional deformation of the mining subsidence ground surface in the mountainous area;
substituting equations (22) and (23) into equation (24) and simplifying to obtain:
in the formula:
the formula (25) is a relation between LOS deformation and flat mining subsidence;
and combining the mountain area mining subsidence LOS deformation field and the LOS deformation and flat land mining subsidence relation to obtain an observation equation between the mountain area mining subsidence LOS deformation and the flat land mining subsidence, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps:
according to the mining subsidence rule, the boundary of a subsidence basin in the mining subsidence basin is usually larger than that of a horizontal moving basin; the following assumptions are given: assuming that the horizontal movement of the D-InSAR monitoring LOS of the mountain mining subsidence to the boundary in the deformation basin is zero, namely the horizontal movement of the first row and the first column in the m x n deformation field of the monitoring basin is zero, the specific boundary condition is as follows:
substituting equation (26) into equation (24), the LOS to deformation field basin first row first column at this time can be expressed as:
from equation (27), we can solve the subsidence value of the first row and the first column under the flat underground mining condition;
the joint equations (25), (26) can be derived:
in the formula:
the formula (28) is an observation equation between LOS deformation of the mountain mining subsidence and flat mining subsidence;
solving a subsidence deformation field of the flat mining subsidence ground surface in the research area according to the observation equation;
and calculating the mining subsidence ground surface subsidence deformation field of the research area, the east-west horizontal movement of the mining subsidence of the research area and the north-south horizontal movement of the mining subsidence of the research area according to the mining subsidence ground surface subsidence deformation field of the research area.
2. The single-track InSAR-based mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of solving the subsidence deformation field of the flat mining subsidence ground surface in the research area according to the observation equation is as follows:
step 1: calculating the settlement field under the whole flat ground mining condition according to a given boundary condition formula (27)
Sinking values of pixels in a first row and a first column;
and 2, step: on the basis of step 1, the sinking values of the pixels in the first row and the first column are substituted back into the formula (28), and the sinking fields can be calculated one by one from left to right
All the pixel sinking values in the second row;
and step 3: on the basis of step 2, the sinking values of the pixels in the second row and the first column are substituted back into the formula (28), and the sinking fields can be calculated one by one from left to right
Middle thirdPerforming sinking values of all pixels;
and 4, step 4: analogizing until the settlement value of the nth row in W (n, m) is calculated to obtain a settlement field under the condition of the whole flat mining
3. The single-track InSAR-based mountain area mining subsidence three-dimensional deformation extraction method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: settling field under the condition of obtaining whole flat ground mining
On the basis, according to the formulas (8), (22) and (23), the sinking value W of the pixel A (x, y) of any point A (x, y) of the mining surface of the mountain area can be obtained M Moving horizontally in the north-south direction
Horizontal movement in east-west direction
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