CN114089141A - Partial discharge detection method and partial discharge detection device - Google Patents
Partial discharge detection method and partial discharge detection device Download PDFInfo
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- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a partial discharge detection method and a partial discharge detection device, comprising the following steps: acquiring a field sound signal of the electrical equipment in real time by adopting a microphone array; processing sound signals collected by a microphone array by utilizing a beam forming algorithm to generate a sound power-coordinate graph displaying the corresponding relation between sound power and space coordinates, selecting a maximum value point of the sound power from the sound power-coordinate graph to determine whether a discharging position exists or not, and locking the discharging position if the discharging position exists; if the discharging position exists, intercepting the sound signal, carrying out PRPD analysis, and determining the discharging type at the discharging position according to the generated PRPD map; the acoustic power of the acoustic signal at the discharge location and the ambient noise power at the discharge location are obtained. By the method, the discharge position, the discharge type and the discharge degree can be obtained at the same time, the discharge position can be processed and maintained in the follow-up process in a more targeted manner, the safety of the maintenance process is higher, and the maintenance effect is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a partial discharge detection method and a partial discharge detection device, and belongs to the field of discharge detection.
Background
The partial discharge refers to a phenomenon that high-voltage electrical equipment such as a transformer discharges in a partial range under the action of an electric field. Partial discharge can cause the electrical equipment parts to generate heat, the aging process is accelerated, and products generated by heating the electrical equipment parts can cause secondary damage to the electrical equipment. Furthermore, long partial discharges may even lead to breakdown of electrical components. Therefore, effective detection of partial discharge is of great significance.
The treatment mode of the partial discharge needs to consider various factors such as specific discharge types and discharge amounts, otherwise, the partial discharge position cannot be treated in a targeted manner, so that not only is the treatment efficiency reduced, but also potential secondary safety hazards can be caused.
The traditional partial discharge detection method and device can only judge whether partial discharge exists, cannot judge the partial discharge position and cannot judge the partial discharge type, so that the partial discharge is not timely processed and the processing effect is not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a partial discharge detection method and a partial discharge detection apparatus to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a partial discharge detection method includes the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a field sound signal of the electrical equipment in real time by adopting a microphone array;
step S2: processing sound signals collected by a microphone array by utilizing a beam forming algorithm to generate a sound power-coordinate graph displaying the corresponding relation between sound power and space coordinates, selecting a maximum value point of the sound power from the sound power-coordinate graph to determine whether a discharging position exists or not, and locking the discharging position if the discharging position exists;
step S3: if the discharging position exists, intercepting the sound signal, carrying out PRPD analysis, and determining the discharging type at the discharging position according to the generated PRPD map;
step S4: obtaining the acoustic power P of the acoustic signal at the discharge position1And putAmbient noise power P at electrical location2Through (P)1-P2）/P2The relative acoustic power at the discharge location is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the microphone array acquires a sound signal of an electric device on site, and by utilizing the characteristic that partial discharge can generate sound, if a partial discharge phenomenon occurs, the sound signal generated by the partial discharge can be received by the microphone array. The sound power value of each position in the electric equipment field can be obtained by extracting the space position information in the sound signal through a beam forming algorithm, and the sound signal of the partial discharge position consists of an environmental noise signal generated by normal operation of the electric equipment and a sound signal generated by discharge, so that the sound power at the partial discharge position is larger than the sound power in the peripheral range, and the discharge position can be determined by selecting a maximum value point of the sound power in a sound power-coordinate graph. Then, the discharge type can be determined by the PRPD pattern shape of the sound signal at the discharge position. After the discharge position is determined, the acoustic power P at the discharge position can be effectively determined1Obtaining the power P of the environmental noise generated by the normal operation of the electrical equipment2Then, utilize (P)1-P2）/P2By the formula, the ratio between the sound power generated by discharging and the sound power generated by normal operation of the electrical equipment, namely the relative sound power can be obtained, so that the partial discharge degree can be estimated more objectively. By the method, the discharge position, the discharge type and the discharge degree can be obtained at the same time, and based on the method, the discharge position can be processed and maintained in the follow-up process in a more targeted manner, so that the safety of the maintenance process is higher, and the maintenance effect is better.
In step S2, the infrared camera shoots the field of the electrical device to obtain a field image of the electrical device in real time, and superimposes the acoustic power-coordinate diagram and the field image of the electrical device in real time.
In the sound power-coordinate graph, the numerical value of the sound power is expressed by the chromaticity.
The invention filters the sound signals collected by the microphone array to eliminate the signals with the frequency lower than m KHz and generate the spectrogram corresponding to the filtered sound signals, wherein m is a constant.
Invention P2The acquisition method comprises the following steps: moving the microphone array in the field of the electrical device, if there is no discharge position in the acoustic power-coordinate diagram in step S2, P2The value of (d) is the value of the acoustic power of the sound signal filtered at that time.
In step S2, if there is a discharge position, in step S4, the microphone array is moved so that the distance between the microphone array and the discharge position is 1-2 m.
In step S2, if there are a plurality of discharge positions in the acoustic power-coordinate graph, in step S3, the microphone array is moved to change the relative positions between the microphone array and the respective discharge positions, and the shape change of the PRPD pattern is observed during the movement of the microphone array to determine the discharge type at the respective discharge positions.
The present invention sets a threshold α if the type of discharge at the discharge position is corona discharge in step S3, and in step S4 (P)1-P2）/P2If < alpha, the discharge site is not processed or only monitored.
If the discharge type at the discharge position is creeping discharge, the variation process of the position of the maximum value point of the acoustic power in the acoustic power-coordinate graph is observed in step S3, so as to judge the breakdown degree of the insulator corresponding to the discharge position.
The utility model provides a partial discharge detection device, which comprises a housin, the microphone array, the main control board, display screen and button are all installed on the casing, the microphone array, display screen and button all electricity are connected to the main control board, the microphone array gathers the on-the-spot sound signal of electrical equipment in real time and transmits to the main control board, the main control board generates acoustic power-coordinate graph and PRPD atlas through the sound signal that receives, acoustic power-coordinate graph and PRPD atlas show in the display screen, the measurement personnel input the ambient noise power P who discharges position department to the main control board through the button2。
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in more detail in the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a partial discharge detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are explained and illustrated below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, the appearances of the indicating orientation or positional relationship such as the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only for convenience in describing the embodiments and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example (b):
the embodiment provides a partial discharge detection device, including visible light camera, casing, infrared camera, microphone array, main control board, display screen and button. Visible light camera, infrared camera, microphone array, display screen and button are all installed on the outer wall of casing, and the main control board is then installed in the casing, has realized partial discharge detection device's wholeization through the casing to be convenient for partial discharge detection device handheld, visible light camera, infrared camera, microphone array, display screen and button all electricity are connected to the main control board. In order to match the infrared camera, an infrared light source electrically connected to the main control board can be additionally arranged on the outer wall of the shell. And if the illumination of the field of the electrical equipment is sufficient, starting the visible light camera, and if the illumination of the field of the electrical equipment is insufficient, starting the infrared camera.
Based on the partial discharge detection device, the embodiment provides a partial discharge detection method, which includes the following steps:
step S1: the detection personnel holds the partial discharge detection device by hand to enter the site of the electrical equipment and move so that the microphone array collects the sound signals of the site of the electrical equipment in real time and transmits the sound signals to the main control board, and the partial discharge can make a sound, so that the sound signals sent out by the discharge position can be received by the microphone array if the partial discharge phenomenon exists on the site of the electrical equipment;
particularly, regardless of the discharge intensity and the discharge type of the partial discharge, the frequency of the sound emitted by the microphone array is usually over a specific frequency (m KHz), and the sound is tested in a laboratory, where m =25, that is, the sound signal lower than 25 KHz can be considered to be generated only by normal operation of the electrical equipment, the sound signal lower than 25 KHz is not required for detecting the partial discharge, and the sound signal lower than 25 KHz is only environmental noise in the detection process of the partial discharge, so that the main control board firstly filters the sound signal collected by the microphone array to eliminate the signal with the frequency lower than 25 KHz, and then processes the filtered sound signal with the frequency higher than 25 KHz (the sound signal with the frequency higher than 25 KHz), thereby reducing the calculation pressure of the main control board and improving the detection accuracy of the partial discharge;
the filtered sound signals comprise sound signals which are generated by normal operation of electrical equipment and have the frequency higher than 25 KHz, and if partial discharge exists, the filtered sound signals also comprise sound signals generated by the partial discharge; it should be noted that, under the condition that the electrical device is normally operated, the intensity of the sound signal generated by the electrical device is not very high, and especially the intensity of the part of the sound signal with the frequency higher than 25 KHz is lower, so when the inspector moves to a certain position, the sound signal collected by the microphone array still has extremely high intensity after being filtered, which indicates that relatively strong partial discharge exists around the inspector, based on which, the main control board can generate a spectrogram of the filtered sound signal and display the spectrogram on the display screen, and the inspector can roughly detect whether obvious partial discharge exists around the inspector by observing the spectrogram;
step S2: after sound signals collected by the microphone array are filtered, the sound signals are processed by using a beam forming algorithm, the beam forming algorithm can extract position information in the sound signals to generate a sound power-coordinate graph displaying the corresponding relation between sound power and space coordinates, the numerical value of the sound power of the embodiment is expressed by chromaticity, for example, the larger the numerical value of the sound power is, the more red the corresponding color of the coordinate position is, the smaller the numerical value of the sound power is, the more blue the corresponding color of the coordinate position is, and if the sound power is lower than a threshold value set by a certain person, the corresponding color of the coordinate position is colorless and transparent;
taking the acoustic power-coordinate graph generated at the moment t as an example, each coordinate in the acoustic power-coordinate graph corresponds to different positions in the field of the electrical equipment, namely, the acoustic power-coordinate graph can simultaneously display the acoustic power of different positions in the field of the electrical equipment, and the acoustic power-coordinate graph is displayed in the display screen, so that a detector can intuitively know the acoustic power values of different positions in the field of the electrical equipment;
the field image of the electrical equipment, which is obtained by shooting the field of the electrical equipment in real time by the visible light camera or the infrared camera, can be superposed with the acoustic power-coordinate graph in real time (the acoustic power-coordinate graph generated at the same time is superposed with the field image of the electrical equipment obtained by shooting), and the superposed image is displayed on a display screen, so that a detection person can more conveniently and accurately correspond each coordinate position in the acoustic power-coordinate graph to each specific position in the field of the electrical equipment;
the sound signal of each position in the electric equipment field is composed of a sound signal generated by normal operation of the electric equipment and a sound signal (if any) generated by partial discharge, and the signal intensity of the sound signal generated by normal operation of the electric equipment at different positions in the electric equipment field is basically a fixed value, so that the sound signal intensity of the partial discharge position is always the maximum value in the neighborhood taking the partial discharge position as the center under the normal condition;
in other words, if there is no maximum point in the acoustic power-coordinate graph (all coordinate positions are colorless and transparent), or the corresponding position of the maximum point in the field of the electrical device is changed relatively sharply with time (for dynamic observation of the acoustic power-coordinate graph), it is indicated that there is no discharge position in the acoustic power-coordinate graph, but if there is a maximum point and the corresponding position of the maximum point in the field of the electrical device is not changed, it is indicated that the corresponding position of the maximum point in the field of the electrical device is a discharge position, and accordingly, the discharge position can be locked based on this;
under the condition that the infrared camera is used for shooting the electrical equipment on site, the obtained field image of the electrical equipment is in a monochromatic state, only brightness and darkness differences exist among different positions in the field image of the electrical equipment, and due to the fact that chromaticity changes exist in a neighborhood taking the discharge position as the center in the acoustic power-coordinate graph, the discharge position is not prone to being missed and observed by a detected person after the field image of the electrical equipment and the acoustic power-coordinate graph are overlapped;
in the routine inspection process (corresponding to the process of continuously moving and rotating a partial discharge detection device) for a specific electrical equipment field, an acoustic power-coordinate graph is observed in real time, if a discharge position is not found all the time, sound signals collected by a microphone array in the routine inspection process can be considered to only comprise sound signals generated by normal operation of the electrical equipment, the sound signals are filtered to obtain sound signals with the frequency higher than 25 KHz generated by normal operation of the electrical equipment, the sound signals are environmental noise, and the corresponding acoustic power is P2Generally, P can be considered as2At any time, any position of the specific electrical equipment site does not change, that is, if a discharge position is found in the subsequent electrical equipment site inspection process, the acoustic power of the environmental noise at the discharge position can still be regarded as P2Before next on-site inspection for the electrical equipment, a tester can input P to the main control board in advance through the keys2The value of (d);
step S3: if the discharging position is found in step S2, the main control board intercepts the filtered sound signal to obtain a section of sound pulse signal, performs PRPD analysis (PRPD is prior art) by using the sound pulse signal instead of the electric pulse signal, and determines the discharging type at the discharging position according to the generated PRPD map;
the discharge types mainly include corona discharge, surface discharge and suspension discharge, and the shapes of the PRPD patterns corresponding to the three discharge types are greatly different, so that misjudgment cannot be caused on the discharge type of a single discharge position basically, but if a plurality of discharge positions are displayed in an acoustic power-coordinate graph and the discharge types of different discharge positions are different, the shapes of the PRPD patterns may be between the shapes of the PRPD patterns corresponding to different discharge types, the specific discharge type of the single discharge position is difficult to determine at the moment, and a detector can move with a local discharge detection microphone to change the relative positions between the microphone array and the discharge positions, observe the shape change of the PRPD patterns in the moving process of the microphone array to determine the discharge types of the discharge positions;
for example, the acoustic power-coordinate diagram shows two very close discharge positions, the two discharge positions respectively correspond to corona discharge and creeping discharge, the PRPD pattern corresponding to the corona discharge is shaped as one, the PRPD pattern corresponding to the creeping discharge is shaped as two, when the microphone array is positioned between the two discharge positions, the shape of the PRPD pattern is intermediate between shape one and shape two, when the microphone array is moved toward the discharge position of corona discharge and simultaneously away from the discharge position of creeping discharge, the shape of the PRPD map is gradually changed into a first shape, otherwise, the microphone array moves towards the discharge position of the creeping discharge and is away from the discharge position of the corona discharge, the shape of the PRPD map is gradually changed into a second shape, and if the number of the discharge positions is further increased, the discharge types of the discharge positions can be determined one by one through the method;
particularly, for the situation of surface discharge, it can be generally considered that the insulator is completely or partially broken down, at this time, a maximum point of the acoustic power in the acoustic power-coordinate graph moves in a coordinate range corresponding to the insulator along with the time, and the breakdown degree of the insulator can be judged by dynamically observing the change process of the position of the maximum point;
step S4: the sound power P of the sound signal collected by the microphone array at the discharge position1The value is negatively related to the distance between the microphone array and the discharge location, for the acoustic power P at a single discharge location in order to facilitate comparison of the discharge intensity at different discharge locations1The measuring process needs to uniformly move the microphone array to a position 1-2m away from the discharge position, and the sound power value of the sound signal collected by the microphone array after being filtered is P1From the foregoing, it can be seen that P1Including the sound power of the sound signal generated by partial discharge and the sound power P of the environmental noise2，P1-P2Namely the sound power of the sound signal generated by partial discharge;
P1-P2the larger the value of (A), the higher the partial discharge intensity, and conversely, P1-P2The smaller the value of (A), the smaller the partial discharge intensity, P1-P2The value of (A) can reflect the discharge intensity to some extent, but it is noted that P1-P2Is not a simple linear relationship with the discharge intensity, i.e., P1-P2The rate of change of the value of (2) does not reflect the rate of change of the value of the discharge intensity well, only by P1-P2The value of (D) does not reflect the discharge intensity in a good objective manner, so that the present example passes (P)1-P2）/P2Calculating the relative sound power at the discharge position;
（P1-P2）/P2the larger the value of (A), the power of the sound signal generated by the partial discharge is larger than that of the environmental noise, and the intensity of the partial discharge gradually exceeds the tolerance of the electrical equipment even if P is1-P2This is true even if the value itself is small, which in turn means that the intensity of the partial discharge is always within the tolerance of the electrical device, even if P is present1-P2The numerical value of the device is large, namely, the relative sound power is adopted to replace the discharge intensity to represent the partial discharge position, the device is more suitable for objective conditions, and the damage degree of partial discharge can be more represented.
Artificially setting the threshold α for corona discharge, if (P)1-P2）/P2If alpha is less than alpha, the harm degree of the corona discharge is not large, considering that the corona discharge is a high-occurrence partial discharge phenomenon, in order to save maintenance resources, the discharge position of the corona discharge can be temporarily not processed or only monitored for (P)1-P2）/P2Alpha is then treated.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and may be embodied in many different forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims. Any modification which does not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A partial discharge detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a field sound signal of the electrical equipment in real time by adopting a microphone array;
step S2: processing sound signals collected by a microphone array by utilizing a beam forming algorithm to generate a sound power-coordinate graph displaying the corresponding relation between sound power and space coordinates, selecting a maximum value point of the sound power from the sound power-coordinate graph to determine whether a discharging position exists or not, and locking the discharging position if the discharging position exists;
step S3: if the discharging position exists, intercepting the sound signal, carrying out PRPD analysis, and determining the discharging type at the discharging position according to the generated PRPD map;
step S4: obtaining the acoustic power P of the acoustic signal at the discharge position1And the ambient noise power P at the discharge location2Through (P)1-P2）/P2The relative acoustic power at the discharge location is calculated.
2. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the infrared camera shoots the field of the electrical device to obtain a field image of the electrical device in real time, and the acoustic power-coordinate graph and the field image of the electrical device are superimposed in real time.
3. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 2, wherein the value of the acoustic power is expressed by chromaticity in the acoustic power-coordinate graph.
4. The partial discharge detection method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the sound signals collected by the microphone array are filtered to eliminate signals with frequencies lower than m KHz, and a spectrogram corresponding to the filtered sound signals is generated, where m is a constant.
5. The partial discharge detection method of claim 4, wherein P is P2The acquisition method comprises the following steps: moving the microphone array in the field of the electrical device, if there is no discharge position in the acoustic power-coordinate diagram in step S2, P2The value of (d) is the value of the acoustic power of the sound signal filtered at that time.
6. The partial discharge detection method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, if there is a discharge position, in step S4, the microphone array is moved so that the distance between the microphone array and the discharge position is 1-2 m.
7. The partial discharge detection method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, if there are a plurality of discharge positions in the acoustic power-coordinate graph, the microphone array is moved to change the relative positions between the microphone array and the respective discharge positions in step S3, and the shape change of the PRPD graph is observed during the movement of the microphone array to determine the discharge type at the respective discharge positions.
8. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 1, wherein a threshold α is set if the type of discharge at the discharge position in step S3 is corona dischargeElectrically, and in step S4 (P)1-P2）/P2If < alpha, the discharge site is not processed or only monitored.
9. The partial discharge detection method according to claim 1, wherein if the discharge type at the discharge position is creeping discharge, the variation process of the position of the maximum point of the acoustic power in the acoustic power-coordinate diagram is observed in step S3 to determine the breakdown degree of the insulator corresponding to the discharge position.
10. The partial discharge detection device is characterized by comprising a shell, a microphone array, a main control board, a display screen and keys, wherein the microphone array, the main control board, the display screen and the keys are all installed on the shell, the microphone array, the display screen and the keys are all electrically connected to the main control board, the microphone array collects sound signals of an electrical device field in real time and transmits the sound signals to the main control board, the main control board generates a sound power-coordinate graph and a PRPD graph through the received sound signals, the sound power-coordinate graph and the PRPD graph are displayed in the display screen, and a detector inputs environmental noise power P of a discharge position to the main control board through the keys2。
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| CN114859194B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-23 | 杭州兆华电子股份有限公司 | Non-contact-based partial discharge detection method and device |
| CN115602191A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-01-13 | 杭州兆华电子股份有限公司（Cn） | Noise elimination method of transformer voiceprint detection system |
| CN115980529A (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-04-18 | 上海格鲁布科技有限公司 | Partial discharge acoustic imaging detection positioning method, system and computer storage medium |
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