CN114089139B - Method and device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (pulse-induced degradation) of variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (pulse-induced degradation) of variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy Download PDF

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CN114089139B
CN114089139B CN202111484884.9A CN202111484884A CN114089139B CN 114089139 B CN114089139 B CN 114089139B CN 202111484884 A CN202111484884 A CN 202111484884A CN 114089139 B CN114089139 B CN 114089139B
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frequency domain
partial discharge
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CN114089139A (en
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王鹏
于超凡
赵文焕
程驰宙
师洋
马世金
陈逸雯
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Sichuan University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (pulse induced plasticity) of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy. According to the method, pulse voltage with equal step length rising is applied to inter-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, the pressurized electromagnetic signals are analyzed from the angle of a frequency domain, N electromagnetic signals corresponding to different frequency bands are divided according to a preset frequency band interval, N corresponding frequency domain signals are obtained through frequency spectrum analysis, the probability that the N frequency domain signals cause partial discharge is obtained according to the ratio of frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band, and under the condition that the probability that the frequency domain signals corresponding to a target frequency band cause partial discharge is larger than a preset probability threshold value of partial discharge, the minimum external voltage corresponding to the frequency domain signals causing partial discharge is used as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the inter-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, and then the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the inter-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be accurately measured.

Description

Method and device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (pulse-induced degradation) of variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a method and a device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (pulse induced plasticity) of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy.
Background
At present, most of insulation systems of variable frequency motors used by new energy automobiles are made of organic materials and are I-shaped insulation structures, discharge does not exist in the service period of the insulation systems, and insulation failure is judged if discharge occurs.
In the prior art, according to the relevant standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a PDIV (partial discharge initiation voltage) test should be performed on an insulation system of an inverter motor by using repetitive pulses. In addition, when the insulation system of the variable frequency motor is designed to operate, the voltage is far lower than the PDIV, so that the variable frequency motor is ensured not to generate discharge in actual operation, and accelerated aging is avoided, and therefore, accurate measurement of the PDIV is particularly important.
However, most of the current measurement methods determine the PDIV by monitoring the signal amplitude or standard deviation acquired by the partial discharge signal acquisition device, and because various interferences exist in the measurement process and are highly coupled with the partial discharge signal in the time domain, a large error is easily generated in the PDIV test result, which results in inaccurate PDIV test result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (PDIV) of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, which can achieve the purpose of improving the accuracy of PDIV test of an insulation system of the variable frequency motor.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, where the method includes: acquiring electromagnetic signals of the variable frequency motor, and performing signal processing on the electromagnetic signals to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the electromagnetic signals are generated by applying pulse voltage with equal step length rising to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor;
carrying out spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands;
acquiring frequency domain energy of N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band, and calculating the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band to obtain the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals;
and if the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band induces the partial discharge is larger than the preset probability threshold of the partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge induced by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
In one embodiment, the above method of processing the electromagnetic signal to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands includes: amplifying and denoising the electromagnetic signals, and dividing the electromagnetic signals according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands; and respectively filtering and carrying out Baulou detection on the N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands according to different frequency bands to obtain the processed N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands.
In an embodiment, the predetermined frequency band interval in the method is 100MHz.
In an embodiment, the obtaining frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals respectively corresponding to different frequency bands in the method includes: respectively calculating to obtain frequency domain energy of N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands through the following formula (1);
Figure BDA0003397114170000021
wherein, E f The nth frequency domain signal corresponds to the frequency domain energy of the nth frequency band, l is the starting frequency of the nth frequency band, h is the ending frequency of the nth frequency band, and F (F) is the signal amplitude corresponding to each frequency in the nth frequency domain signal.
In one embodiment, the obtaining, in the method, frequency domain energies of N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band, and calculating ratios of the frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to all the total frequency bands, respectively, to obtain probabilities of the N frequency domain signals causing partial discharge includes: summing the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands respectively to obtain total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band; respectively calculating the probability of the partial discharge caused by N frequency domain signals through the following formula (2);
Figure BDA0003397114170000031
wherein PTi is E of the frequency band corresponding to the ith sequence number f And the value i represents the serial number corresponding to the Nth frequency band, and Pi is the partial discharge probability of the frequency band corresponding to the ith serial number.
In an embodiment, in the method, a corresponding preset partial discharge probability threshold is determined according to an accuracy rate of an initial discharge voltage covering a target frequency band, where the preset partial discharge probability threshold is a ratio of frequency domain energy corresponding to the target frequency band without causing partial discharge generated by inter-turn insulation of the inverter motor to total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band.
In one embodiment, the different frequency bands in the method include a first frequency band and a second frequency band, where the first frequency band includes 700MHz-800MHz, and the second frequency band includes 1200MHz-1300MHz.
In one embodiment, the target frequency band in the method includes frequency bands with center frequencies of 750MHz and 1250MHz respectively.
According to the first aspect of the invention, pulse voltage with equal step length rising is applied to inter-turn insulation of a variable frequency motor, a pressurized electromagnetic signal is analyzed from the angle of a frequency domain, N frequency domain signals corresponding to energy of different frequency bands are divided according to a preset frequency band, the partial discharge probability of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands is determined according to the total energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the energy of different frequency bands occupying the total energy of all the frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands, and the partial discharge voltage corresponding to the target frequency with the most concentrated energy in the frequency band larger than a preset partial discharge threshold value is used as the initial voltage PDIV of partial discharge, so that the PDIV of the variable frequency motor can be accurately determined.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, where the apparatus includes: the system comprises a pulse power supply, a control module, a broadband ultrahigh frequency (UHF) antenna, a signal processing module, a spectrum analyzer and a data processing module which are electrically connected with each other; the control module is used for controlling the pulse power supply to apply pulse voltage which rises in equal step length to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor; the broadband ultrahigh frequency UHF antenna is used for acquiring an electromagnetic signal after the frequency conversion motor is pressurized; the signal processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the electromagnetic signals to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1; the spectrum analyzer is used for carrying out spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands; the data processing module is used for acquiring frequency domain energy of different frequency bands corresponding to the N frequency domain signals and total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band, and respectively calculating the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the different frequency bands corresponding to the N frequency domain signals to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band to obtain the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals; and under the condition that the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band induces the partial discharge is larger than the preset probability threshold of the partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge induced by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
In one embodiment, the signal processing module comprises an amplifying circuit, a filter array and an envelope detection circuit connected by mutual optical fibers; the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying and denoising the electromagnetic signals; the filter array is used for dividing the amplified and denoised electromagnetic signals according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands, and filtering the N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands respectively; the envelope detection circuit is used for respectively carrying out envelope detection on the filtered N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands after envelope detection processing.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a storage medium and a bus, the storage medium storing machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, the processor and the storage medium communicating via the bus when the electronic device is operating, the processor executing the machine-readable instructions to perform the steps of the method according to the first aspect when the processor executes the instructions.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic sensor has high anti-interference capability, has high directivity, and can effectively distinguish interference from signals in a frequency domain by using a 500MHz filter when partial discharge signals are acquired through the frequency domain, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of high coupling of interference signals and discharge signals in a time domain in the traditional detection means.
(2) The detection sensitivity is high. The ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic sensor has high sensitivity and high response sensitivity, can detect partial discharge signals, the filter array, the spectrum analyzer and the data processing module are connected by optical fibers, the anti-interference capability is high, the signals can be stably transmitted, the electromagnetic pulse speed generated by partial discharge is 3 multiplied by 108m/s, and the detection device can quickly respond.
(3) The detection speed is high. The ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic sensor has high sensitivity, the signal transmission adopts optical fiber transmission, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic pulse speed generated by partial discharge is 3 multiplied by 108m/s, so that whether partial discharge exists in turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor of the new energy automobile can be reflected in time, and the PDIV can be accurately determined.
(4) The result is accurate. In the prior art, PDIV is mainly determined from a time domain, a detection signal and an interference signal cannot be effectively distinguished, an applied voltage is mostly adjusted by hands, and under the same experiment condition, the result difference is large, the result is inaccurate, and the human error is large; according to the method, the voltage is applied by adopting the FPGA, partial discharge detection is performed from the angle of a frequency domain, and the PDIV of the new energy automobile is accurately determined.
(5) The device safety performance is excellent. All sensors are in non-contact detection, the electrified equipment is controlled by the single chip microcomputer and has a certain insulation distance, the zero setting is carried out after the test is finished, the equipment can operate safely and stably, and personnel can operate safely.
(6) The device has simple structure. The detection device has a simple structure, and does not relate to the disassembly of a complex mechanical structure, so that the transportation and the assembly are convenient.
(7) The device is convenient to operate. The invention can automatically and accurately detect after setting the initialization parameters.
(8) The universality is high. The method can be used for automatically testing the turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of the variable frequency motor of the new energy automobile, can also be applied to cable defect detection and daily-use motor insulation test, and has very high popularization value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a first structural diagram of a device for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a flow chart of a method for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an interference spectrum analysis when a partial discharge occurs according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an interference spectrum analysis provided by an embodiment of the present invention when no partial discharge occurs;
fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
While the rework vehicle location management method of the invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the schematic drawings wherein there is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that those skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous results of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.
The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
At present, when a variable frequency motor of a new energy automobile runs, insulation breakdown occurs to cause automobile spontaneous combustion, explosion and other safety accidents frequently, and the embodiment of the application provides a device and a method for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of the variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, so that the turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of the variable frequency motor of the new energy automobile can be accurately measured, and the occurrence of the variable frequency motor spontaneous combustion accidents of the new energy automobile caused by insulation breakdown is avoided.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a device 100 for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, including: the system comprises a pulse power supply 10, a control module 20, a broadband ultrahigh frequency (UHF) antenna 30, a signal processing module 40, a spectrum analyzer 50 and a data processing module 60 which are electrically connected with each other;
the control module 20 is used for controlling the pulse power supply 10 to apply pulse voltage which rises in equal step length to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor;
the broadband ultrahigh frequency UHF antenna 30 is used for acquiring an electromagnetic signal after the frequency conversion motor is pressurized;
the signal processing module 40 is configured to perform signal processing on the electromagnetic signals according to different frequency bands to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, where N is a positive integer greater than 1;
the spectrum analyzer 50 is configured to perform spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands;
the data processing module 60 is configured to obtain frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and a total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band, and calculate ratios of the frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to all preset total frequency bands, so as to obtain probabilities of the N frequency domain signals causing partial discharge;
and if the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band induces the partial discharge is larger than the preset probability threshold of the partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge induced by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
Optionally, the control module 20 may be an FPGA control module, and is configured to control the pulse power supply 10 to increase from 0V voltage to a target voltage according to a preset voltage step length, so as to avoid inaccurate measurement result caused by a high voltage boosting rate.
Optionally, the broadband UHF antenna 30 is placed at the inner edge of the stator 200 of the inverter motor, and should keep a suitable test distance from the inverter motor, so as to avoid inaccurate test results due to the distance as much as possible.
Optionally, the broadband UHF antenna 30 can select a sensor with good directivity and high sensitivity response, and can transmit electromagnetic signals by using optical fibers, thereby facilitating stable signal transmission and having strong anti-interference capability.
Optionally, the signal processing module 40 may amplify the electromagnetic signal acquired by the broadband UHF, perform noise filtering below 500MHz for segmented filtering, perform signal processing by using an envelope detection circuit, and transmit the processed signal to the spectrum analyzer.
Optionally, the spectrum analyzer 50 may respectively cooperate with the signal processing module and the data processing module in real time, and perform data transmission by using optical fibers to realize real-time detection, and perform spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands.
Optionally, the data processing module 60 may use a PC or a DSP to perform data processing, and perform integration processing on the N frequency domain signals according to corresponding frequency bands respectively to obtain frequency domain energy of the frequency bands corresponding to the N frequency domain signals, so as to obtain a probability of causing the inter-turn insulation of the inverter motor to generate partial discharge, and when the probability value is greater than the determination value of the data processing module 60, determine that the partial discharge occurs. The processed data can be stored in a memory and can be matched with the control module, the data processing module sends out a valid point identification signal, and then the control module is triggered to stop boosting, and the PDIV is determined.
Optionally, optical fibers may be used for data transmission between the modules, so as to improve interference resistance and stabilize data transmission.
The device for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (pulse induced polarization) of the variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy comprises a pulse power supply, a control module, a broadband ultrahigh frequency (UHF) antenna, a signal processing module, a spectrum analyzer and a data processing module which are electrically connected with one another; the method comprises the steps of applying pulse voltage with equal step length rising to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, analyzing a pressurized electromagnetic signal from a frequency domain angle, dividing N electromagnetic signals corresponding to different frequency bands according to a preset frequency band interval, obtaining N corresponding frequency domain signals through frequency spectrum analysis, obtaining the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals according to the ratio of frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band, determining that the probability of partial discharge caused by the frequency domain signals corresponding to a target frequency band is larger than a probability threshold value of the preset partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge caused by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, and further accurately measuring the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a signal processing module 40, where the signal processing module 40 includes an amplifying circuit 41, a filter array 42, and an envelope detection circuit 43 that are connected by mutual optical fibers;
the amplifying circuit 41 is used for amplifying and denoising electromagnetic signals;
the filter array 42 is configured to divide the amplified and denoised electromagnetic signals according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, and filter the N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands respectively;
the envelope detection circuit 43 is configured to perform envelope detection on the filtered N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, respectively, to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands after the envelope detection processing.
After the broadband UHF antenna 30 detects an electromagnetic signal, the detected electromagnetic signal is subjected to signal amplification in the amplifying circuit 41 and denoising processing of noise filtering below 500MHz, and is input to the filter array 42 in a segmented manner, and is divided by the filter array 42 according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the preset frequency band interval may be 100MHz, or may be determined according to an actual situation. The N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands are filtered according to different frequency bands, and subjected to envelope detection by the envelope detection circuit 43, so as to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands after signal processing.
The signal processing module 40 provided by the present embodiment includes an amplifying circuit 41, a filter array 42, and an envelope detecting circuit 43, which are connected to each other by an optical fiber; the detected electromagnetic signals are subjected to signal amplification and denoising processing, N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands are obtained by dividing according to a preset frequency band interval, segmented filtering and envelope detection processing can be respectively carried out, and the efficiency of measuring the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be improved.
Example two
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, which is applied to the apparatus for measuring inter-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy in any of the above embodiments, and the method includes:
s301, acquiring electromagnetic signals of the variable frequency motor, and performing signal processing on the electromagnetic signals to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands.
Specifically, N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the electromagnetic signal is generated by applying a pulse voltage rising at an equal step length to an inter-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
Before obtaining inverter motor's electromagnetic signal, can be with inverter motor's motor stator shell ground connection, disconnection motor stator winding neutral point opens, and the pulse voltage that rises from 0V class step is applyed to its interturn insulation, until reaching the pulse voltage peak value, pulse power module voltage waveform controls through FPGA, takes class step boosting control, avoids the experimental result inaccuracy that high boost rate caused.
The broadband UHF antenna can be placed on the edge inside the motor stator to capture partial discharge energy, an electromagnetic signal is detected through the broadband UHF antenna, the electromagnetic signal is subjected to signal processing to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1.
Specifically, after the electromagnetic signal is detected, the detected electromagnetic signal is subjected to signal amplification and denoising processing of noise filtering below 500MHz, and is divided according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the preset frequency band interval may be 100MHz. And filtering the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands by a filter array in a segmented manner according to the different frequency bands, and carrying out Baulond detection to obtain the processed electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands.
Step S302, performing spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands.
Specifically, the spectrum analyzer may perform spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands, for example, the N signals with the frequency band of 100MHz are respectively input into the spectrum analyzer, so as to respectively obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the N electromagnetic signals with the frequency band of 100MHz.
Step S303, acquiring frequency domain energy of N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands respectively and total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band, and calculating the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band respectively to obtain the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals;
and if the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band induces the partial discharge is larger than the preset probability threshold of the partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge induced by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
Specifically, N frequency domain signals corresponding to N different frequency bands are input into the data processing module to be subjected to integration processing, and the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band is the sum of the frequency domain energies of the different frequency bands, where N may be set to 5, 10, and 20, the total frequency band range may be a frequency band range from 500MHz to 2000MHz, the preset frequency band interval may be 100MHz, and specifically may be determined according to actual conditions.
Then, according to the frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands, the ratio of the frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band can be calculated, so as to obtain the probability of the N frequency domain signals causing partial discharge.
Specifically, the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals is compared with a preset probability threshold of partial discharge, and under the condition that the probability of partial discharge caused by the frequency domain signals corresponding to the target frequency band is greater than the preset probability threshold of partial discharge, the minimum external voltage corresponding to partial discharge caused by the target frequency band is used as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
According to the method for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of the variable frequency motor based on the frequency domain energy, pulse voltage which rises in equal step length is applied to the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, the pressurized electromagnetic signals are analyzed from the angle of a frequency domain, N electromagnetic signals corresponding to different frequency bands are divided according to a preset frequency band interval, corresponding N frequency domain signals are obtained through spectrum analysis, the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals is obtained according to the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the different frequency bands corresponding to the N frequency domain signals to the total frequency band energy, and under the condition that the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band causes partial discharge is larger than the probability threshold value of preset partial discharge, the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge caused by the target frequency band is used as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, and the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be accurately measured.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the processing the electromagnetic signals to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands includes:
s401, amplifying and denoising electromagnetic signals, and dividing the electromagnetic signals according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands;
step S402, the N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands are filtered and subjected to wrap-around detection according to different frequency bands respectively, and the processed N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands are obtained.
The preset frequency band interval is 100MHz, which may be specifically selected according to actual situations, for example, 200mhz,300mhz, and the like may also be used.
Specifically, the partial discharge electromagnetic signals in the space can be detected by the broadband UHF antenna, the detected electromagnetic signals are amplified by the amplifying circuit, the 500MHz filter can filter out interference caused by the on-off of high-frequency power electronics, so that the noise is removed, the noise is transmitted into the filter array, the received signals are divided by the filter array by taking 100MHz as a frequency band interval, and N signals with the frequency band of 100MHz are formed.
According to the embodiment, the detected electromagnetic signals are subjected to signal amplification and denoising processing, the electromagnetic signals of N different frequency bands are obtained by dividing according to the preset frequency band interval, and segmented filtering and envelope detection processing can be respectively carried out, so that the measurement efficiency of measuring and obtaining the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be improved.
Further, acquiring frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands respectively includes:
respectively calculating to obtain frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands through the following formula (1);
Figure BDA0003397114170000121
wherein, E f And setting the frequency domain energy of the Nth frequency domain signal corresponding to the Nth frequency band, wherein l is the starting frequency of the Nth preset frequency band, h is the ending frequency of the Nth preset frequency band, and F (F) is the amplitude of the signal under each frequency.
Specifically, dividing the signal into N signals with frequency band of 100MHz, respectively obtaining corresponding frequency domain signals by a spectrum analyzer, wherein the frequency band intervals of the N frequency bands are 100MHz f And (F) is the frequency domain energy of the Nth frequency domain signal corresponding to the Nth frequency band, i is the starting frequency of the Nth frequency band, h is the ending frequency of the Nth frequency band, and F (F) is the signal amplitude corresponding to each frequency in the Nth frequency domain signal.
In this embodiment, the frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands are obtained by calculating according to the formula (1), so that the accuracy of measuring the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the inter-turn insulation of the inverter motor can be improved.
Further, acquiring frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band, respectively calculating a ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to all the total frequency bands, and obtaining a probability that the N frequency domain signals cause partial discharge, includes:
summing the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands respectively to obtain total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band;
calculating the probability of partial discharge caused by N frequency domain signals through the following formula (2);
Figure BDA0003397114170000122
wherein PTi is E of the frequency band corresponding to the ith sequence number f And the value i represents a serial number corresponding to the Nth frequency band, and Pi is the partial discharge probability of the frequency band corresponding to the ith serial number.
Specifically, a ratio of the frequency domain energy of each frequency band to the total frequency domain energy of the total frequency band may be defined as a probability of partial discharge, that is, when the ratio exceeds a determination value preset by the data processing module, it is determined that partial discharge occurs in turn-to-turn insulation of the inverter motor, and thus a partial discharge starting voltage may be determined. E of the defined frequency band in the above equation (2) f The value is PT, the number of frequency bands is N, and the partial discharge probability is P.
In this embodiment, the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band are obtained, and the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to all the total frequency bands is calculated by the above formula (2), so as to obtain the probability of the N frequency domain signals causing partial discharge, so that the partial discharge probability of turn-to-turn insulation of the inverter motor can be accurately determined.
Further, the method further comprises: and determining a corresponding probability threshold value of the preset partial discharge according to the accuracy rate of the initial discharge voltage covering the target frequency band.
The preset partial discharge probability threshold is the ratio of the frequency domain energy corresponding to the target frequency band under the condition that partial discharge is not caused by turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band.
Specifically, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the partial discharge probability of the inter-turn insulation of the inverter motor, a corresponding preset partial discharge probability threshold may be determined according to the priority of the coverage target frequency band for determining the initial discharge voltage, for example, assuming that the preset partial discharge probability threshold may be 5%,10%, or 20%, 5% is used as the partial discharge probability threshold, and the accuracy rate of the coverage target frequency band is estimated to be 90%, that is, as the threshold is set to be higher and higher, the accuracy rate of the coverage target frequency band for determining the initial discharge voltage is higher.
According to the method and the device, the corresponding preset probability threshold of partial discharge is determined according to the accurate rate of the initial discharge voltage covering the target frequency band, so that the probability of the partial discharge threshold can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be accurately measured.
Further, the different frequency bands include a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band includes 700MHz to 800MHz, and the second frequency band includes 1200MHz to 1300MHz.
Specifically, the frequency domain energy of different frequency bands is different, and a large number of experiments show that partial discharge is easily caused in the frequency bands of 700MHz-800MHz and 1200MHz-1300MHz.
Further, the target frequency includes frequency bands with 750MHz and 1250MHz as center frequencies, respectively.
Specifically, the third generation wide bandgap power semiconductor device represented by silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) is gradually replacing the traditional silicon (Si) -based device, and the standards such as IEC61934 and IEC60034-27-5 illustrate that the high frequency interference (pulse power interference) of power electronics is mostly distributed below 500MHz, and the UHF antenna in the device is used for capturing and analyzing partial discharge signals, and according to the experimental results, the discharge frequency domain energy is mainly concentrated near 750MHz and 1250MHz under different pulse parameters.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the partial discharge frequency domain energy is mainly concentrated around 750MHz and 1250MHz, wherein the amplitude is up to the base station signal of the handset at 0.9 GHz. As shown in fig. 5, when partial discharge does not occur, there is almost no frequency domain energy distribution in the range of 0.5GHz to 2.0GHz (except for the mobile phone base station signal), and the ratio of the energy around 0.75GHz and 1.25GHz to the total energy in the frequency domain is extremely small. As shown in fig. 6, and the ratio is hardly affected by human interference (false touch, jitter, etc.), a reasonable threshold can be set by monitoring the magnitude of the ratio to accurately measure the PDIV.
According to the embodiment, through a large number of experiments, the inventor analyzes the experimental data of each time, finally finds that the frequency domain energy of partial discharge is mainly concentrated near 750MHz and 1250MHz, and then can detect the conditions of the two frequency bands, and reasonably sets the threshold value of partial discharge, so that the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be accurately measured.
Aiming at a measurement scene of turn-to-turn insulation PDIV (Primary intrinsic differential) of a variable frequency motor of a new energy automobile, a method for measuring the turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of the variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy is provided, and the specific flow is as follows:
(S1) disconnecting a neutral point of the variable frequency motor, grounding a shell, and applying pulse voltage (peak-to-peak value) rising from 0V in equal step length to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor;
(S2) inputting detection parameters: sampling rate, pulse voltage rising rate and data processing module judgment value;
(S3) initializing the single chip microcomputer when the test is started, and controlling a pulse power supply to perform equal step-size boosting by the FPGA;
(S4) detecting an electromagnetic signal by the broadband UHF antenna, amplifying the detected electromagnetic signal, filtering noise, and then transmitting the electromagnetic signal into a filter array, wherein the filter array divides the received signal by taking 100MHz as a frequency band to form N signals with the frequency band of 100 MHz;
(S5) inputting N signals with the frequency range of 100MHz into a spectrum analyzer to obtain frequency domain signals;
and (S6) inputting the frequency domain signal into the data processing module for integral processing to obtain frequency domain energy of different frequency bands, performing partial discharge probability calculation by using the energy of the different frequency domain frequency bands, and judging that partial discharge occurs when the probability is greater than a judgment value of the data processing module.
(S7) the frequency domain energy calculation method of the 100MHz frequency band is as follows:
(S7.1) dividing the signal into N signals with the frequency bands of 100MHz, obtaining the frequency domain signals of the signals through a spectrum analyzer, wherein the frequency band interval of each frequency domain signal is 100MHz, the amplitude of the signal under each frequency is Ff, and introducing a frequency domain energy integral value Ef, so that the frequency domain energy calculation formula of the frequency bands is as follows:
Figure BDA0003397114170000151
(S8) the partial discharge occurrence probability calculation method is as follows:
and (S8.1) according to the step (S7.1), defining a ratio value of the frequency domain energy of each frequency band to the total frequency domain energy of the total frequency band as the probability of partial discharge, judging the occurrence of partial discharge when the probability value exceeds a judgment value of a data processing module, and determining the initial voltage of the partial discharge. Wherein, the frequency domain energy of the frequency band is PT, the number of the frequency bands is N, and the partial discharge probability is P, and then the partial discharge probability calculation formula obtained by using the frequency domain energy of each frequency band is as follows:
Figure BDA0003397114170000152
through a large number of experiments, frequency domain energy integral values of 700MHz-800MHz and 1200MHz-1300MHz frequency bands are used as main comparison objects, namely when the occurrence probability of partial discharge calculated under the two frequency bands is larger than a judgment value of a data processing module, the occurrence of the partial discharge is judged, and further the partial discharge starting voltage can be determined.
According to the embodiment, pulse voltage with equal step length rising is applied to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, the pressurized electromagnetic signals are analyzed from the angle of a frequency domain, N electromagnetic signals corresponding to different frequency bands are divided according to a preset frequency band interval, corresponding N frequency domain signals are obtained through frequency spectrum analysis, the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals is obtained according to the ratio of frequency domain energy of the different frequency bands corresponding to the N frequency domain signals to total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band, and under the condition that the probability of partial discharge caused by the frequency domain signals corresponding to the target frequency band is larger than the probability threshold of preset partial discharge, the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge caused by the target frequency band is used as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor, and then the initial discharge voltage PDIV of the turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor can be accurately measured.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary, and that the circuits and methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of the modules into only one logical functional division may be implemented in practice in another way, and for example, a plurality of modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules through some communication interfaces, and may be an electrical, mechanical or other form. In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
The functions, if implemented in software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium executable by a processor. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention or parts thereof which substantially contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a processor to execute the steps of all or part of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
That is, those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in any form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
Optionally, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device may be a server, a computer, or a like device, and fig. 7 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the electronic device may include: the processor 701, the storage medium 702 and the bus 703, the storage medium 702 storing machine readable instructions executable by the processor 701, when the electronic device is operated, the processor 701 and the storage medium 702 communicate with each other through the bus 703, and the processor 701 executes the machine readable instructions to execute the steps of the method for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of the variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy as described in the foregoing embodiments. The specific implementation and technical effects are similar, and are not described herein again.
For ease of illustration, only one processor is described in the above electronic devices. However, it should be noted that in some embodiments, the electronic device in the present invention may also include multiple processors, and thus, the steps performed by one processor described in the present invention may also be performed by multiple processors in combination or individually. For example, if the processors of the electronic device perform step a and step B, it should be understood that step a and step B may also be performed by two different processors together or separately in one processor. For example, a first processor performs step a and a second processor performs step B, or the first processor and the second processor perform steps a and B together, etc.
In some embodiments, a processor may include one or more processing cores (e.g., a single-core processor (S) or a multi-core processor (S)). Merely by way of example, a Processor may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Physical Processing Unit (PPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a microcontroller Unit, a Reduced Instruction Set computer (Reduced Instruction Set computer), a microprocessor, or the like, or any combination thereof.
Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a program product, where the program product may be a storage medium such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the storage medium may store a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the steps of the motor stator insulation defect detection apparatus in the foregoing method embodiment. The specific implementation manner and the technical effect are similar, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall cover the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A method for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring electromagnetic signals of the variable frequency motor, and performing signal processing on the electromagnetic signals to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the electromagnetic signals are generated by applying pulse voltage with equal step length rising to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor;
performing spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands;
acquiring frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band, and calculating the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band to obtain the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals;
and if the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band induces the partial discharge is larger than the preset probability threshold of the partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge induced by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the signal processing the electromagnetic signal to obtain N electromagnetic signals of different frequency bands comprises:
amplifying and denoising the electromagnetic signals, and dividing the electromagnetic signals according to a preset frequency band interval to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands;
and respectively filtering and carrying out package detection on the N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands according to different frequency bands to obtain the processed N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined frequency band interval is 100MHz.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the obtaining frequency domain energies of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands respectively comprises:
respectively calculating to obtain frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands through the following formula (1);
Figure FDA0003851169600000021
wherein E is f The frequency domain energy of the nth frequency domain signal corresponding to the nth frequency domain, l is the starting frequency of the nth frequency domain, h is the ending frequency of the nth frequency domain, and F (F) is the signal amplitude corresponding to each frequency in the nth frequency domain signal.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band respectively, and calculating a ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to all the total frequency bands respectively to obtain the probability of the N frequency domain signals causing partial discharge comprises:
summing the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands respectively to obtain total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band;
respectively calculating the probability of the partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals through the following formula (2);
Figure FDA0003851169600000022
wherein PTi is E of the frequency band corresponding to the ith sequence number f And the value i represents the serial number corresponding to the Nth frequency band, and Pi is the partial discharge probability of the frequency band corresponding to the ith serial number.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and determining a corresponding preset partial discharge probability threshold according to the accurate rate of the initial discharge voltage covering a target frequency band, wherein the preset partial discharge probability threshold is the ratio of frequency domain energy corresponding to the target frequency band without causing partial discharge generated by turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor to total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the different frequency bands comprise a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band comprises 700MHz-800MHz and the second frequency band comprises 1200MHz-1300MHz.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the target frequency band comprises frequency bands centered at 750MHz and 1250MHz, respectively.
9. An apparatus for measuring turn-to-turn insulation PDIV of a variable frequency motor based on frequency domain energy, the apparatus comprising: the system comprises a pulse power supply, a control module, a broadband ultrahigh frequency (UHF) antenna, a signal processing module, a spectrum analyzer and a data processing module which are electrically connected with each other;
the control module is used for controlling the pulse power supply to apply pulse voltage which rises in equal step length to turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor;
the broadband ultrahigh frequency UHF antenna is used for acquiring an electromagnetic signal after the frequency conversion motor is pressurized;
the signal processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the electromagnetic signals to obtain N electromagnetic signals with different frequency bands, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1;
the spectrum analyzer is used for performing spectrum analysis on the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands to obtain N frequency domain signals corresponding to the electromagnetic signals of the N different frequency bands;
the data processing module is used for acquiring frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to different frequency bands and total frequency domain energy corresponding to a total frequency band, and calculating the ratio of the frequency domain energy of the N frequency domain signals corresponding to the different frequency bands to the total frequency domain energy corresponding to the total frequency band to obtain the probability of partial discharge caused by the N frequency domain signals;
and under the condition that the probability that the frequency domain signal corresponding to the target frequency band induces the partial discharge is larger than the preset probability threshold of the partial discharge, taking the minimum external voltage corresponding to the partial discharge induced by the target frequency band as the initial discharge voltage PDIV of turn-to-turn insulation of the variable frequency motor.
10. An electronic device, comprising: a processor, a storage medium and a bus, the storage medium storing machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, the processor and the storage medium communicating via the bus when the electronic device is operating, the processor executing the machine-readable instructions to perform the method of claim 8.
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