CN114087897A

CN114087897A - Desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture and working method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114087897A
Application number: CN202111408579.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋庆峰; 段文青; 宋肖; 郭霆; 卢道华
Original assignee: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-11-19
Filing date: 2021-11-19
Publication date: 2022-02-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture, which comprises a shell-and-tube heat exchanger body, a scraper component, a linear slide rail component, a magnet component, a fastening component and a support component, wherein the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body is arranged on the support component, the scraper component is arranged in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body, a plurality of circular tubes in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body respectively penetrate through the scraper component, the linear slide rail component is arranged on the side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body through the fastening component, the magnet component is arranged on the top surface of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body and is connected with the linear slide rail component, and the magnet component is connected with the scraper component through magnetic force. The magnet assembly is driven to move back and forth through the linear slide rail assembly, so that the scraper assembly made of the magnetic material in the heat exchanger is driven to move back and forth, frosting on the surface of the heat exchange tube is scraped back on the premise that the equipment is not shut down, the phenomena of reduction of heat exchange performance and increase of pressure drop are improved, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is optimized.

Description

Desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture and working method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular to a desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture and a working method thereof.

Background

Carbon dioxide obtained by low-temperature carbon capture usually needs to be desublimated, solid carbon dioxide is finally obtained and then stored, and the quality of a product is directly influenced by the operation quality of a heat exchanger. The frost on the surface of the tube bundle of the heat exchanger can increase the resistance of the incoming flow gas, and the frost is a porous medium, so that the thermal resistance of convection heat exchange at the air flow side can be increased when the frost layer covers the surface of the tube bundle, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is reduced sharply. Researches show that the frosting phenomenon can cause the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger to be reduced by 50-75%, so the frosting problem of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is concerned.

At present, the rubber ball on-line cleaning technology is generally adopted for solving the problem, for example, the forward and reverse rubber ball on-line cleaning technology (authorized publication number: CN100419368C) of the cold exchanger, the rubber ball cleaner is arranged in a bypass of a heat exchanger system, the water flow direction is changed by the positioning rotation of a reversing handle of the rubber ball on-line cleaner by using the system power of circulating water, and the rubber ball repeatedly cleans the heat exchanger under the action of water flow to remove frost in the pipe. However, the rubber ball on-line cleaning technology not only needs to realize the organic combination of the defrosting process, the special circulating water flow directional switching technology and the rubber ball receiving and releasing technology, but also needs to increase the matched pipeline system interface. Its structure is more complicated, bulky and costly.

In addition, there is also a research on a technology of arranging elastic round inducing beads in a heat exchanger, such as the fluid elastic induced vibration scale inhibition technology published by Zhang Long, in which the round bead internals are inserted to make the fluid generate a Karman vortex street phenomenon, so as to increase the turbulence of the fluid and achieve the purpose of avoiding dirt deposition, and the elastic beads are driven by the fluid to continuously collide with the tube wall to achieve the self-cleaning effect. Then, the mode has certain randomness, and a large number of dead corners exist in the heat exchanger, so that the heat exchanger cannot be cleaned in place.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture, which can clean the frost in the heat exchanger on line, effectively avoid cleaning dead corners, optimize the structure, reduce the manufacturing cost, and provide a working method thereof.

The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a low temperature carbon entrapment is with condensing heat exchanger, including shell and tube type heat exchanger body, the scraper blade subassembly, linear slide rail set spare, the magnet subassembly, fastening components, supporting component, shell and tube type heat exchanger body is installed on supporting component, the scraper blade subassembly sets up inside shell and tube type heat exchanger body, scraper blade subassembly is worn to locate respectively by this internal a plurality of pipe of shell and tube type heat exchanger, linear slide rail set spare passes through fastening components and installs in shell and tube type heat exchanger body side, the magnet subassembly is arranged in on shell and tube type heat exchanger body top surface and is connected with linear slide rail set spare, the magnet subassembly passes through magnetic force with the scraper blade subassembly and is connected.

Further, shell-and-tube heat exchanger body includes the shell body, shell side flange, pipe side flange, the tube sheet, the butterfly valve, the shell body is by the upper cover plate of upside, the side cover plate one of left and right sides, the side cover plate two of front and back both sides, the bottom plate of downside, the downside is about the swash plate that distributes and the downside is trapezoidal board welding that distributes around being, the tube sheet sets up inside the shell body, connecting plate including two intervals set up and parallel interval between the two are equipped with a plurality of pipes, every pipe both ends are connected with two connecting plates respectively, install a pipe side flange on two side cover plates one respectively, two connecting plates respectively with the pipe side flange connection that corresponds, shell side flange installs two at the interval on the upper cover plate, the butterfly valve is equipped with one at least, install on the bottom plate of downside.

Further, the scraper blade subassembly includes the scraper blade, lower scraper blade, connecting rod, and the horizontal interval of connecting rod is equipped with two, goes up the vertical placing of scraper blade and is equipped with a plurality ofly at the interval on the connecting rod, and every lower part of going up the scraper blade is connected with two connecting rods respectively, and it is vertical to be equipped with a lower scraper blade respectively to go up between two adjacent upper scraper blades, and every upper portion of lower scraper blade is connected with two connecting rods respectively, and it has the coaxial through-hole that is used for wearing to establish the pipe that a plurality of one-to-ones distribute respectively on scraper blade and the lower scraper blade.

Preferably, the upper scraper and the connecting rod and the lower scraper and the connecting rod are in interference fit.

Further, linear slide rail set spare includes the slide rail, the slider, the slide bar, an upper fixed plate, the bottom plate, a supporting plate, including a motor, an end cap, a controller, and a cover plate, the base, the cylindricality connecting piece, an upper fixed plate, the bottom plate interval sets up relatively, relative side between them passes through the backup pad to be connected, slide rail one end is fixed with an upper fixed plate another side, the base is installed to the motor, the motor is installed on bottom plate another side, the cylindricality connecting piece is worn to locate in proper order the top plate, the bottom plate, its one end is connected with the motor, the other end is connected with slide bar one end, the slide bar other end and the end connection of slide rail, the slider with slide bar connection and with the slide rail cooperation, the slide rail passes through fastening assembly and installs in shell and tube type heat exchanger body side, the slider is connected with the magnet subassembly.

Further, the magnet assembly comprises an outer magnet, a magnet sheath and a connector, the magnet sheath is U-shaped, the outer magnet is a U-shaped magnet embedded in the inner ring of the magnet sheath, the opening of the magnet sheath is downwards placed on the top surface of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body, the outer magnet is connected with the scraper assembly through magnetic force, and the magnet sheath is connected with the linear slide rail assembly through the connector.

Further, fastening components include front fixed plate and after-fixing board, and both relative interval sets up and are fixed with shell-and-tube heat exchanger body respectively, and linear slide rail assembly wears to locate front fixed plate and after-fixing board in proper order and is connected with both respectively.

Preferably, the support assembly is a table support, and the support assembly is welded to the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body.

The working method of the desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: performing a pressure experiment and an air tightness experiment to ensure that pressure maintaining and air tightness are qualified, installing a cold side inlet and outlet valve and a hot side inlet and outlet flange to ensure that the two opposite sides of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body are connected with an inlet and an outlet of an external coolant, connecting the upper side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body with an external carbon dioxide gas inlet and outlet, closing all valve bodies at the bottom of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body after the installation is finished, and introducing the coolant to pre-cool the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body;

step two: after the temperature is reduced to a required value, an external carbon dioxide inlet valve and the linear slide rail assembly are opened, the linear slide rail assembly moves back and forth to drive the magnet assembly on the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body to move, so that the scraper assembly moves back and forth under the action of magnetic force, and the scraper assembly has the functions of a baffle plate and scraping carbon dioxide frost on the tube wall inside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body;

step three: the carbon dioxide that strikes off frosts and falls into shell and tube type heat exchanger body bottom and gather under the effect of gravity, and after the carbon dioxide volume of frosting that gathers reached certain degree, open the valve body on the shell and tube type heat exchanger body for the carbon dioxide frosts and falls into the valve body pipeline, and the carbon dioxide in the pipeline frosts and is derived and collect under the action of gravity.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. according to the invention, the external magnet arranged in the magnet assembly outside the heat exchanger is magnetically connected with the scraper assembly, and the motor in the external linear slide rail assembly drives the sliding block to move back and forth, so that the scraper assembly inside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body is driven to move back and forth, and when the tube wall of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body frosts, the scraper assembly scrapes the frost on the tube wall of the heat exchange tube back and forth, so that the frosting falls off.

2. The scraper component adopted by the invention not only can timely scrape the condensed solid carbon dioxide frost outside the circular tube, but also can play a role of a baffle plate.

3. The invention utilizes the magnetic field principle to drive the external of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body to drive the internal of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body to drive, thereby avoiding a series of processes of drilling holes on the surface of the heat exchanger cylinder, arranging bearings and rails and the like, and the reciprocating motion of the internal scraper component can effectively improve the frosting at the internal dead angle of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger body;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a squeegee assembly;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a linear slide assembly;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a magnet assembly;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the fastener assembly;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the scraper assembly after installation with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive of the scope of the invention.

A desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture is shown in figures 1-7 and comprises a shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1, a scraper component 2, a linear slide rail component 3, a magnet component 4, a fastening component 5 and a supporting component 6.

The supporting component 6 is a table type support, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1 is arranged on the supporting component 6, the supporting component 6 is welded with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1 comprises an outer shell 11, a shell side flange 12, a tube side flange 13, a tube plate 14 and a butterfly valve 15, the outer shell 11 is a cube with an outward convex lower side, and is formed by welding an upper cover plate 111 on the upper side, a first side cover plate 112 on the left side and a first side cover plate 112 on the right side, a second side cover plate 113 on the front side and the rear side, a bottom plate 114 on the lower side, an inclined plate 115 with left and right side distribution on the lower side and a trapezoidal plate 116 with front and rear distribution on the lower side, the tube plate 14 is arranged in the outer shell 11 and comprises two connecting plates 141 arranged at intervals and a plurality of round tubes 142 arranged in parallel at intervals between the two connecting plates, two ends of each round tube 142 are respectively connected with two connecting plates 141, one tube side flanges 13 are respectively arranged on the two side cover plates 112, the two connecting plates 141 are respectively connected with the corresponding tube side flanges 13, two shell side flanges 12 are arranged on the upper cover plate 111 at intervals, at least one butterfly valve 15 is arranged on the bottom plate 114 on the lower side, when the number of the butterfly valves 15 is larger than 1, the butterfly valves 15 are sequentially connected end to end, and the model number of the butterfly valve 15 is DN 32.

One size of the outer case 11:

the upper cover plate 111 has the following dimensions: 100mm is multiplied by 200mm is multiplied by 2mm, 2 through holes with the diameter of 15mm are symmetrically arranged in the through holes, and the center distance of the 2 through holes is 170 mm; the first side cover plate 112 has the following dimensions: 100mm × 100mm × 2mm, and 1 through hole with a diameter of 80mm is provided therein; the second side cover plate 113 has the following dimensions: 100mm × 200mm × 2 mm; the bottom plate 114 dimensions are: 96mm × 100mm × 2mm, and 1 through hole having a diameter of 32mm is provided therein; the size of the sloping plate 115 is 100mm 80mm 2mm, the shape of the trapezoidal plate 116 is an isosceles trapezoid with an angle of 30 degrees, the bottom edge is 200mm, the height is 30mm, and the thickness is 2 mm.

Correspondingly, the outer diameter of the welding end of the pipe side flange 12 is 80mm, the inner diameter is 74mm, the length is 10mm, the outer diameter of the flange end is 100mm, the thickness is 5mm, the diameter of the central circle of the bolt hole is 90mm, the diameter of the bolt hole is 6mm, and the number of the bolt holes is 8; the welding end of the shell side flange 13 is 15mm in outer diameter, 9mm in inner diameter, 10mm in length, 24mm in flange end outer diameter, 2mm in thickness, 20mm in bolt hole center circle diameter, 3mm in bolt hole diameter, and 4 in uniform distribution quantity.

The connection between the plate 141 and the tube 142 is by welding.

Correspondingly, the diameter of the connecting plate 141 is 74mm, the thickness is 2mm, and a plurality of 6mm through holes are distributed in the connecting plate. A plurality of diameters are that 6 mm's through-hole specifically sets up to first circle quantity and is 1, and second circle central circle radius is 10mm, and equipartition through-hole quantity is 5, and third circle central circle radius is 20mm, and equipartition through-hole quantity is 10, and fourth circle central circle radius is 30mm, and equipartition through-hole quantity is 16.

Scraper blade subassembly 2 sets up inside shell and tube type heat exchanger body 1, scraper blade subassembly 2 includes scraper blade 21, lower scraper blade 22, connecting rod 23, upper scraper blade 21, lower scraper blade 22 all has magnetism, connecting rod 23 horizontal interval is equipped with two, upper scraper blade 21 is vertical to be placed and the interval is equipped with a plurality ofly on connecting rod 23, every lower part of upper scraper blade 21 is connected with two connecting rods 23 respectively, vertically be equipped with a lower scraper blade 22 respectively between two adjacent upper scraper blades 21, every lower scraper blade 22's upper portion is connected with two connecting rods 23 respectively, it has the coaxial through-hole that is used for wearing to establish pipe 142 of a plurality of one-to-ones to distribute respectively on upper scraper blade 21 and the lower scraper blade 22, be interference fit between upper scraper blade 21 and the connecting rod 23 and between lower scraper blade 22 and the connecting rod 23. A plurality of round tubes 142 in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1 are respectively inserted through the upper blade 21 and/or the lower blade 22.

One dimension of the squeegee assembly 2 is:

the upper blade 21 has the dimensions: 60mm 100mm 2mm, and use the point of being 50mm department apart from the length and width of last scraper blade 21 as the central point, circular distribution has a plurality of positions and a plurality of through-hole positions in the connecting plate 141 and 6mm through-holes of equal size. A plurality of through holes are symmetrically arranged on one side of the upper scraper 21 close to the center of the central circle and parallel to the long edge of the upper scraper 21. The number of the through holes close to one side of the center circle center and parallel to the long edge of the upper scraper 21 is 2, and the diameter is 4 mm. The transverse and longitudinal distances from the center of the through hole of 4mm to the plurality of through holes of 6mm which are distributed in a circular shape are 45mm and 5mm respectively.

The lower flight 22 dimensions are: 85mm 100mm 2mm, and the point that is 10mm and 50mm apart from the length and width of lower scraper 22 respectively is the central point, and circular distribution has a plurality of positions and a plurality of through-hole 6mm that all are unanimous with the size in the connecting plate 141 through-hole position. A plurality of through holes are symmetrically arranged on one side of the lower scraper 22 close to the center of the central circle and parallel to the long edge of the lower scraper 22. The number of the through holes close to one side of the center circle center and parallel to the long edge of the lower scraper 22 is 2, and the diameter is 4 mm. The transverse and longitudinal distances from the center of the through hole of 4mm to the plurality of through holes of 6mm which are distributed circularly are 45mm and 5mm respectively.

The linear slide rail component 3 is arranged on the side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1 through the fastening component 5, the linear slide rail component 3 comprises a slide rail 31, a slide block 32, a slide rod, an upper fixing plate 33, a lower fixing plate 34, a supporting plate 35, a motor 36, a base 37 and a cylindrical connecting piece 38, the upper fixing plate 33 and the lower fixing plate 34 are oppositely arranged at intervals, opposite side surfaces of the upper fixing plate 33 and the lower fixing plate 34 are connected through the supporting plate 35, one end of the slide rail 31 is fixed with the other side surface of the upper fixing plate 33, the motor 36 is provided with the base 37, the motor 36 is arranged on the other side surface of the lower fixing plate 34, the cylindrical connecting piece 38 sequentially penetrates through the upper fixing plate 33 and the lower fixing plate 34, one end of the cylindrical connecting piece is connected with the motor 36, the other end of the slide rail is connected with one end of the slide rail 31, the slide block 32 is connected with the slide rail and matched with the slide rail 31, the slide rail 31 is arranged on the side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1 through the fastening component 5, the slider 32 is connected to the magnet assembly 4.

Magnet subassembly 4 is arranged in on the top surface of shell and tube type heat exchanger body 1 and is connected with linear slide rail assembly 3, magnet subassembly 4 includes outer magnet 41, magnet sheath 42, connector 43, magnet sheath 42 is the U type, and outer magnet 41 is for inlaying the U type magnet of locating magnet sheath 42 inner circle, and magnet sheath 42 opening is placed downwards on shell and tube type heat exchanger body 1 top surface, makes outer magnet 41 be connected with scraper blade subassembly 2 through magnetic force, and magnet sheath 42 passes through connector 43 and is connected with slider 32.

One dimension of the magnet assembly 4 is:

the outer magnet 411 and the magnet sheath 42 are U-shaped, the size of the center line of the U-shaped shape is 107mm in height and 111mm in width, the right angle is a fillet, and the radius of the fillet is 10 mm. The cross section of the outer magnet 411 is a rectangle of 5mm × 5 mm. The cross section of the magnet sheath 42 is U-shaped, and specifically, the magnet sheath is rectangular with the size of 10mm × 8mm, and a groove with the width and the depth of 5mm is formed on the long side (i.e., 10 mm). The connector 43 has a cubic shape of 14mm × 22mm × 20mm, and has a recess of 15mm × 20mm provided on a long side of 20mm, and 2 recesses of 10mm are provided on a plane of 22mm × 20mm of the cubic shape. The diameter is 6 mm's through-hole, and 2 through-hole centers line and cube 20mm length of side's distance are 5 mm. Through holes with the center distance of 14mm and the diameter of 3mm are symmetrically formed in a plane of a cube of 14mm multiplied by 20mm, and the distance between a straight line connected with the centers of the 2 through holes and the side length of the cube of 20mm is 7 mm. The external magnet 411 is magnetically connected to the upper blade 21 and the lower blade 22.

The fastening assembly 5 comprises a front fixing plate 51 and a rear fixing plate 52 which are arranged at a relative interval and fixed with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body 1 respectively, and the linear slide rail assembly 3 sequentially penetrates through the front fixing plate 51 and the rear fixing plate 52 and is connected with the front fixing plate 51 and the rear fixing plate 52 respectively.

One dimension of the fastening assembly 5 is:

the front fixing plate 51 and the rear fixing plate 52 are both trapezoidal flat plates, the angle is 58 degrees, the height is 53mm, the bottom side length is 100mm, and the thickness is 3 mm. The center of the rear fixing plate 52 is provided with a rectangular through hole of 32mm multiplied by 23 mm. The center of the front fixing plate 51 is provided with a rectangular through hole of 32mm 15 mm.

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) performing a pressure experiment and an airtight experiment to ensure that the pressure maintaining and the airtightness are qualified, and installing a cold side inlet and outlet valve and a hot side inlet and outlet flange to ensure that a shell side flange is connected with an inlet and outlet of an external coolant and a pipe side flange is connected with an inlet and outlet of an external carbon dioxide gas. After the installation is finished, all butterfly valves at the bottom are closed, and a coolant is firstly introduced to pre-cool the heat exchanger.

Step two: after the temperature is reduced to the required value, an external carbon dioxide inlet valve and the linear slide rail assembly are opened, the reciprocating motion of the linear slide rail assembly drives the magnet assembly on the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body to move, so that the scraper assembly moves back and forth under the action of magnetic force, and the scraper assembly has the functions of baffle plates and scraping carbon dioxide frosting on the tube wall inside the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body.

Step three: the carbon dioxide that strikes off frosts and falls into shell and tube heat exchanger body bottom under the effect of gravity to gathering in the pipeline between shell and tube heat exchanger body bottom and the butterfly valve of top, after the carbon dioxide of gathering frosts the volume and reaches the certain degree, opening the butterfly valve of top, making the carbon dioxide frosting fall into the pipeline between the butterfly valve of top and the butterfly valve of inferior top.

Step four: closing the butterfly valve at the top end, and opening the butterfly valve at the next upper end, so that carbon dioxide frosting between pipelines between the butterfly valve at the top end and the butterfly valve at the next upper end is guided out and collected under the action of gravity. (the number of butterfly valves is set to two here).

Claims

1. A desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture is characterized in that: including shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1), scraper blade subassembly (2), linear slide rail set spare (3), magnet subassembly (4), fastening component (5), supporting component (6), install on supporting component (6) shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1), scraper blade set spare (2) set up inside shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1), scraper blade subassembly (2) are worn to locate respectively in a plurality of pipe (142) in shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1), linear slide rail set spare (3) are installed in shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1) side through fastening component (5), magnet subassembly (4) are arranged on shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1) top surface and are connected with linear slide rail set spare (3), magnet subassembly (4) pass through magnetic connection with scraper blade set spare (2).

2. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein: the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body (1) comprises an outer shell (11), shell side flanges (12), tube side flanges (13), tube plates (14) and butterfly valves (15), wherein the outer shell (11) is formed by welding an upper cover plate (111) on the upper side, side cover plates (112) on the left side and the right side, side cover plates (113) on the front side and the rear side, a bottom plate (114) on the lower side, inclined plates (115) distributed on the left side and the right side of the lower side and trapezoidal plates (116) distributed on the front side and the rear side of the lower side, the tube plates (14) are arranged in the outer shell (11) and comprise two connecting plates (141) arranged at intervals and a plurality of round tubes (142) arranged between the two connecting plates at intervals in parallel, two ends of each round tube (142) are respectively connected with the two connecting plates (141), the tube side flanges (13) are respectively arranged on the two side cover plates (112), and the two connecting plates (141) are respectively connected with the corresponding tube side flanges (13), two shell side flanges (12) are arranged on the upper cover plate (111) at intervals, and at least one butterfly valve (15) is arranged and arranged on the bottom plate (114) on the lower side.

3. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein: scraper blade subassembly (2) are including last scraper blade (21), lower scraper blade (22), connecting rod (23) horizontal interval is equipped with two, it is vertical to place and be equipped with a plurality ofly in connecting rod (23) interval to go up scraper blade (21), the lower part of every last scraper blade (21) is connected with two connecting rod (23) respectively, it is vertical one lower scraper blade (22) that is equipped with respectively between two adjacent last scraper blade (21), the upper portion of every lower scraper blade (22) is connected with two connecting rod (23) respectively, it has the coaxial through-hole that is used for wearing to establish pipe (142) of a plurality of one-to-ones to distribute respectively on last scraper blade (21) and lower scraper blade (22).

4. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 3, wherein: the upper scraper (21) and the connecting rod (23) as well as the lower scraper (22) and the connecting rod (23) are in interference fit.

5. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein: the linear slide rail component (3) comprises a slide rail (31), a sliding block (32), a slide rod, an upper fixing plate (33), a lower fixing plate (34), a supporting plate (35), a motor (36), a base (37) and a cylindrical connecting piece (38), wherein the upper fixing plate (33) and the lower fixing plate (34) are arranged oppositely at intervals, the opposite side surfaces of the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate are connected through the supporting plate (35), one end of the slide rail (31) is fixed with the other side surface of the upper fixing plate (33), the base (37) is installed on the motor (36), the motor (36) is installed on the other side surface of the lower fixing plate (34), the cylindrical connecting piece (38) sequentially penetrates through the upper fixing plate (33) and the lower fixing plate (34), one end of the cylindrical connecting piece is connected with the motor (36), the other end of the slide rail is connected with one end of the slide rod, the other end of the slide rail (31) is connected with the end of the slide rail (32) and matched with the slide rail (31), the slide rail (31) is installed on the side of the shell-and tube heat exchanger body (1) through a fastening component (5), the slide block (32) is connected with the magnet assembly (4).

6. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein: magnet subassembly (4) include external magnet (41), magnet sheath (42), connector (43), magnet sheath (42) are the U type, and external magnet (41) are for inlaying the U type magnet of locating magnet sheath (42) inner circle, and magnet sheath (42) opening is placed down on shell and tube type heat exchanger body (1) top surface, makes external magnet (41) be connected with scraper blade subassembly (2) through magnetic force, and magnet sheath (42) are connected with linear slide rail subassembly (3) through connector (43).

7. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein: fastening components (5) include preceding fixed plate (51) and after-fixing board (52), and both relative interval sets up and are fixed with shell and tube heat exchanger body (1) respectively, and linear slide rail set spare (3) wear to locate preceding fixed plate (51) and after-fixing board (52) in proper order and are connected with both respectively.

8. The desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting component (6) is a table type support, and the supporting component (6) is welded with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger body (1).

9. The working method of the desublimation heat exchanger for low-temperature carbon capture according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: