CN114086938A - Gas saturation prediction method for heterogeneous sandstone reservoir - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas saturation prediction method of a nonhomogeneous sandstone reservoir, belonging to the field of sandstone oil and gas reservoir geological exploration and development, the method of the invention considers the influence of sandstone granularity comparative example coefficient and cementation index, and by sampling, performing granularity identification on the sandstone with different depths in the same bed, dividing the sandstone into medium-fine sandstone and coarse sandstone according to the natural gamma value, and then fitting the relationship between the porosity and formation factors under different granularities to determine the proportionality coefficient and the cementation index of the sandstone under different granularities, and then combining the sandstone porosity determined by utilizing the linear relationship between the porosity and the acoustic wave time difference under different granularities to respectively obtain the gas saturation of the sandstone under different granularities, so that the method is higher in accuracy, is particularly suitable for predicting the gas saturation of a heterogeneous reservoir, and provides effective support for evaluating and calculating reserves of the oil-gas layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geological exploration and development of sandstone oil and gas reservoirs, and particularly relates to a gas saturation prediction method for a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir.
Background
The gas saturation is an important basis for evaluating and calculating reserves of the hydrocarbon reservoir. At present, the conventional prediction method for calculating the gas saturation of a reservoir comprises the following steps of firstly calculating the water saturation by using an Archie formula:
in the formula, Sw is the water saturation of the reservoir and is dimensionless; rt is the resistivity of the oil-gas-containing pure rock, Rw is the resistivity of formation water, and the unit is ohm meter;
the effective porosity of the reservoir is shown, a and b are proportionality coefficients, m is a cementation index, and n is a saturation index, and the effective porosity and the saturation index are dimensionless; wherein, each parameter is determined by rock-electricity experimental analysis.
Then, the relation between the water saturation and the gas saturation is utilized to calculate the gas saturation, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Sg＝1-Sw
in the formula, SgIs the gas saturation of the reservoir.
In the process of calculating the gas saturation of the sandstone reservoir, when the method is used for the prediction method, a set of rock-electricity parameters (proportionality coefficient and cementation index) are usually obtained for the sandstone in the same layer system in the same area, and in the strongly-inhomogeneous sandstone reservoir, when the granularity difference of the sandstone in the longitudinal direction is large, the larger rock-electricity parameter difference can be caused, but according to the method, the gas saturation of the sandstone in the same layer system at different depths can be calculated by using the same rock-electricity parameter, so that the problem of inaccurate calculation of the gas saturation of the sandstone can be caused.
For example, in a paper entitled "impact of diagenetic rock relative to rock-electricity characteristics in tight sandstone gas layers" published by Liu Hong Ping et al in journal, Earth science, volume 42, and phase 4 in 2017, an author proposes a gas saturation calculation method, namely, rock-electricity characteristics of different diagenetic facies are analyzed on the basis of dividing the different diagenetic facies, and then the gas saturation is calculated. In the document, the relationship between stratum factors of different lithogenic phase types and the porosity is consistent, and uniform values of a and m can be applied, but the method is not practical in a strong heterogeneity reservoir stratum of the same interval due to the fact that the granularity influences the physical properties of the reservoir stratum, and the problem of inaccurate calculation of gas saturation still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas saturation prediction method for a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir, which is used for solving the problem of inaccurate gas saturation prediction of the existing method.
Based on the purpose, the technical scheme of the gas saturation prediction method for the heterogeneous sandstone reservoir is as follows:
(1) sampling in a coring well section of a sandstone reservoir to obtain a plurality of sandstone samples, and performing depth homing on each sandstone sample on a single well;
(2) judging the granularity of the sandstone sample according to the natural gamma value of the sandstone sample with the corresponding depth in the logging natural gamma curve, and dividing the sandstone sample into medium-fine sandstone and coarse sandstone;
(3) carrying out a rock-electricity experiment on the sandstone samples to obtain the porosity and the formation factor of each sandstone sample, fitting the relationship between the porosity and the formation factor of the sandstone with different granularities, fitting the relationship to obtain a first power relation between the porosity and the formation factor of the sandstone, and determining a proportionality coefficient related to the sandstone and a cementation index of the sandstone; fitting to obtain a second power relation between the porosity of the medium-fine sandstone and formation factors, and determining a proportionality coefficient related to the medium-fine sandstone and a cementation index of the coarse sandstone;
(4) according to the acoustic time difference of the sandstone samples with the corresponding depth in the acoustic time difference curve and in combination with the porosity of each sandstone sample in the step (3), establishing a linear relation between the porosity and the acoustic time difference under different particle sizes, and by using the relation, obtaining the porosity of the non-cored sandstone in the same well region, and adopting the same set of rock electrical parameters including the proportionality coefficient and the cementation index related to the sandstone for the cored sandstone which belongs to the same layer of the same well region with the non-cored sandstone;
(5) using the proportionality coefficient a1And a cementation exponent m1Calculating the gas saturation of the sandstone; using the proportionality coefficient a2And a cementation exponent m2And calculating the gas saturation of the medium-fine sandstone according to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, Sg1Gas saturation of sandstone, Sg2The gas saturation of medium-fine sandstone; a is1As a proportionality coefficient relating to sandstone2Is a proportionality coefficient associated with medium-fine sandstone; m is1Is the cementation index of sandstone, m2The cementation index of the medium-fine sandstone; b is a proportionality coefficient irrelevant to the sandstone granularity; rWIs the resistivity of the formation water, Ω · m; rtThe resistivity of the pure rock containing oil gas is omega.m; n is a saturation index
Which represents the porosity of the sandstone and the like,
indicating the porosity of medium-fine sandstones.
The method has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention considers the influence of the sandstone granularity comparison ratio coefficient and the cementation index, carries out granularity identification on the sandstone in the same bed at different depths through sampling, divides the sandstone into medium-fine sandstone and coarse sandstone according to the natural gamma value, then fits the relationship between the porosity and the formation factor under different granularities, determines the sandstone comparison ratio coefficient and the cementation index under different granularities, and then combines the sandstone porosity determined by utilizing the linear relationship between the porosity and the acoustic wave time difference under different granularities to respectively obtain the gas saturation of the sandstone under different granularities, and the method has higher accuracy and is particularly suitable for the gas saturation prediction of a heterogeneous reservoir.
Further, in order to determine the proportionality coefficient and the cementation index of the sandstone under different granularities, in the step (3), the expressions of the first power relation and the second power relation are respectively as follows:
in the formula, F1And
respectively representing formation factors and porosity in samples of sandstone1M is a proportionality coefficient associated with sandstone1The cementation index of the coarse sandstone; f2And
respectively, the formation factor and porosity, a, in samples of medium-fine sandstone2M is a proportionality coefficient associated with medium-fine sandstone2Is the cementation index of medium-fine sandstone.
Further, in order to determine the particle size of the sandstone, the step (2) further comprises: and judging the sandstone granularity with the natural gamma value GR less than or equal to 55 as coarse sandstone, and judging the sandstone granularity with the natural gamma value within the range of 55 < GR less than or equal to 80 as medium-fine sandstone.
Further, the resistivity R of the formation water in the step (5)WObtaining the water salinity and the temperature of the stratum by checking a chart; resistivity of hydrocarbon-bearing pure rock RtAnd reading through a deep lateral resistivity log corresponding to the depth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting gas saturation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a power relation diagram of porosity and formation factor when sandstone granularity is judged as sandstone in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2b is a power diagram of porosity versus formation factor for a medium-fine sandstone, as determined by sandstone particle size, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a linear relationship diagram of the porosity and the acoustic time difference when the sandstone granularity is judged to be coarse sandstone according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3b is a linear relationship graph of porosity and acoustic time difference when sandstone particle size is judged to be medium-fine sandstone according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of a method for predicting gas saturation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The embodiment provides a gas saturation prediction method for a heterogeneous sandstone reservoir, which basically comprises the following steps: firstly, the granularity of the rock sample is judged,
the overall flow of the method is shown in fig. 1, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
And 2, carrying out deep homing on the sample on the single well, specifically, carrying out the deep homing on the sample by utilizing the logging response characteristic of the core section shale interlayer. And when the mudstone interlayer is compared with the sandstone section, the logging curve is characterized by high natural gamma, high acoustic time difference, high compensation neutrons and low compensation density.
And 3, judging the granularity of the sandstone sample after the depth homing according to a GR curve (namely a logging natural gamma curve), and dividing the sample into medium-fine sandstone and coarse sandstone. Therefore, in this step, the particle size is determined according to the GR curve reading (i.e. the natural gamma value) of the sample, and the specific determination method is as follows: and judging the sandstone granularity with the natural gamma value GR less than or equal to 55 as coarse sandstone, and judging the sandstone granularity with the natural gamma value within the range of 55 < GR less than or equal to 80 as medium-fine sandstone, including medium sandstone and fine sandstone.
Step 4, measuring the porosity of each sample by using a rock electricity experiment of a laboratory
And formation factor F.
In the step, the rock-electricity experiment performed on the sample is an important means for performing physical research on rock in the prior art, can be used for determining the physical property and the electrical property of the rock sample, generally comprises the steps of preprocessing the rock sample, and measuring data such as the porosity, the resistivity, the stratum factor and the like of the sample under different temperature and pressure conditions, and only the porosity and the stratum factor need to be obtained in the step.
Step 5, determining the granularity of the sample according to the step 3 and the porosity of the sample determined in the step 4
And a formation factor F, establishing the formation factor F and the porosity under different granularities
And obtaining the values of the electrical parameters a and m by the linear relation of the two parameters.
In the step, two types of relational expressions are respectively fitted according to two types of granularity of the sample, namely the coarse sandstone and the medium-fine sandstone, wherein one type of relational expression is a first relational expression between formation factors and porosity in the coarse sandstone sample, and the first relational expression is obtained by fitting, as shown in fig. 2 a; another type is to fit a second relationship between formation factors and porosity in a sample of medium-fine sandstone, as shown in figure 2 b.
Wherein the mathematical expressions of the first relational expression and the second relational expression are as follows:
wherein the formula (1) is a first relational formula, wherein F1And
respectively representing stratum factors and porosity in a sample of the crude sandstone, wherein the stratum factors are dimensionless, and the unit of the porosity is percent1Is a proportionality coefficient related to the coarse sandstone and has no dimension; m is1The cementing index of the coarse sandstone is dimensionless; a is1And m1Is the petroelectric parameter determined by fitting. In this step, a can be determined according to the fitting result of the petroelectric parameters in fig. 2a1Is 1.1885, m1Is 1.923.
Formula (2) is a second relational expression, wherein F2And
respectively representing stratum factors and porosity in the sample of the medium-fine sandstone, wherein the stratum factors are dimensionless, and the unit of the porosity is percent, a2Is a proportionality coefficient related to medium-fine sandstone, and has no dimension; m is2Is the cementation index of medium-fine sandstone, a2And m2Is the petroelectric parameter determined by fitting. In this step, a can be determined according to the fitting result of the petroelectric parameters in FIG. 2b1Is 1.5489, m1Is 1.684.
Step 6, according to the porosity of each sample obtained through the experiment and the acoustic time difference (AC) corresponding to the sample, establishing a linear relation between the acoustic time difference and the porosity of the sample under different particle sizes, namely fitting two types of relations, wherein one type of relation is a first linear relation between the porosity and the AC in the sample of the sandstone, and is shown in FIG. 3 a; the other is in a sample of medium-fine sandstone, fitting results in a second linear relationship between porosity and AC, as shown in figure 3 b.
Wherein, the formula (3) is a first linear relational expression between the porosity of the coarse sandstone and the acoustic time difference, and the formula (4) is a second linear relational expression between the porosity of the medium-fine sandstone and the acoustic time difference. In FIGS. 3a and 3b, R2Representing a statistic that measures goodness of fit.
And 6, obtaining a relational expression of the porosity and the acoustic wave time difference under different particle sizes, so that the porosity of other non-cored sandstone sections in the work area can be obtained. Because the quantity of coring wells and coring sandstone sections in one well region is limited, for the lithoelectric parameters (a and m) of other non-coring sandstone sections, the same set of lithoelectric parameters can be adopted according to the cored sandstone sections belonging to the same layer system in the same region, for example, the lithoelectric parameter (a) of the cored sandstone section is selected if the granularity of the cored sandstone section is coarse sandstone1、m1) As the petroelectricity parameters of the cored sandstone section; similarly, if the grain size of the cored sandstone segment is medium-fine sandstone, the petroelectrical parameters of the medium-fine sandstone are adopted.
Step 7, on the premise of the granularity judgment, determining the rock-electricity parameter a of the sandstone in different depth sections1、m1、a2And m2And then, respectively calculating the gas saturation under the corresponding granularity by utilizing an Archie formula.
In the step, according to the granularity identification method in the step 3, when the sandstone is coarse sandstone, the rock-electricity parameter a determined in the step is adopted1、m1And porosity
And calculating the gas saturation according to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, Sg1The gas saturation is zero dimension; a is1The lithology is a proportionality coefficient related to rock (namely, coarse sandstone) and is dimensionless; b is a proportionality coefficient independent of sandstone particle size, RWIs formation water resistivity, Ω · m; rtIs the formation resistivity, Ω · m;
is the porosity, m1The lithology is the cementing index of the rock when the crude sandstone is adopted, and the lithology is dimensionless; and n is a saturation index and is dimensionless. Wherein R isWObtaining the resistivity of the formation water by checking a chart through the mineralization degree of the formation water and the formation temperature; rtReading the resistivity of the hydrocarbon-containing pure rock by a deep lateral resistivity logging curve with corresponding depth; b. n is a parameter obtained by fitting the water saturation measured by a rock-electricity experiment and the resistivity index in a power relation, and the influence of b and n on the gas saturation under different granularities is not considered.
When the sandstone is medium-fine sandstone, the rock electricity parameter a determined in the step is adopted2、m2And porosity
And calculating the gas saturation according to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, Sg2The gas saturation is zero dimension; a is2The lithology is a proportionality coefficient related to rock (namely medium-fine sandstone) and has no dimension; b is a proportion independent of sandstone particle sizeCoefficient of RWIs formation water resistivity, Ω · m; rtIs the formation resistivity, Ω · m;
is the porosity, m2The lithology is the cementing index of the rock when the lithology is medium-fine sandstone, and the rock is dimensionless; and n is a saturation index and is dimensionless. Wherein R isWObtaining the resistivity of the formation water by checking a chart through the mineralization degree of the formation water and the formation temperature; rtReading the resistivity of the hydrocarbon-containing pure rock by a deep lateral resistivity logging curve with corresponding depth; b. n is a parameter obtained by fitting the water saturation measured by a rock-electricity experiment and the resistivity index in a power relation, and the influence of b and n on the gas saturation under different granularities is not considered.
According to the method, the effect of calculating the gas saturation of the sandstone at different depths under different granularities is shown in figure 4, compared with the gas saturation calculated by the existing method, the method can effectively solve the problem that the calculated gas saturation is inaccurate due to the longitudinal difference of the sandstone granularity in the strong heterogeneous reservoir, can calculate the rock-electricity parameters under different granularities in the strong heterogeneous sandstone reservoir and the porosity of the unconsolidated sandstone section under different granularities, and further calculate the gas saturation under different granularities, thereby providing effective support for evaluating the oil-gas reservoir and calculating the reserve volume.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for predicting the gas saturation of the heterogeneous sandstone reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) sampling in a coring well section of a sandstone reservoir to obtain a plurality of sandstone samples, and performing depth homing on each sandstone sample on a single well;
(2) judging the granularity of the sandstone sample according to the natural gamma value of the sandstone sample with the corresponding depth in the logging natural gamma curve, and dividing the sandstone sample into medium-fine sandstone and coarse sandstone;
(3) carrying out a rock-electricity experiment on the sandstone samples to obtain the porosity and the formation factor of each sandstone sample, fitting the relationship between the porosity and the formation factor of the sandstone with different granularities, fitting the relationship to obtain a first power relation between the porosity and the formation factor of the sandstone, and determining a proportionality coefficient related to the sandstone and a cementation index of the sandstone; fitting to obtain a second power relation between the porosity of the medium-fine sandstone and formation factors, and determining a proportionality coefficient related to the medium-fine sandstone and a cementation index of the coarse sandstone;
(4) according to the acoustic time difference of the sandstone samples with the corresponding depth in the acoustic time difference curve and in combination with the porosity of each sandstone sample in the step (3), establishing a linear relation between the porosity and the acoustic time difference under different particle sizes, and by using the relation, obtaining the porosity of the non-cored sandstone in the same well region, and adopting the same set of rock electrical parameters including the proportionality coefficient and the cementation index related to the sandstone for the cored sandstone which belongs to the same layer of the same well region with the non-cored sandstone;
(5) using the proportionality coefficient a1And a cementation exponent m1Calculating the gas saturation of the sandstone; using the proportionality coefficient a2And a cementation exponent m2And calculating the gas saturation of the medium-fine sandstone according to the following calculation formula:
in the formula, Sg1The gas saturation of the sandstone; sg2The gas saturation of medium-fine sandstone; a is1As a proportionality coefficient relating to sandstone2Is a proportionality coefficient associated with medium-fine sandstone; m is1Is the cementation index of sandstone, m2The cementation index of the medium-fine sandstone; b is a proportionality coefficient irrelevant to the sandstone granularity; rWIs the resistivity of the formation water, Ω · m; rtThe resistivity of the pure rock containing oil gas is omega.m; n is a saturation index,
which represents the porosity of the sandstone and the like,
indicating the porosity of medium-fine sandstones.
2. The method for predicting the gas saturation of the heterogeneous sandstone reservoir of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the expressions of the first power relation and the second power relation are respectively as follows:
in the formula, F1And
respectively representing formation factors and porosity in samples of sandstone1M is a proportionality coefficient associated with sandstone1The cementation index of the coarse sandstone; f2And
respectively, the formation factor and porosity, a, in samples of medium-fine sandstone2M is a proportionality coefficient associated with medium-fine sandstone2Is the cementation index of medium-fine sandstone.
3. The method for predicting the gas saturation of the heterogeneous sandstone reservoir of claim 1, wherein the step (2) further comprises: and judging the sandstone granularity with the natural gamma value GR less than or equal to 55 as coarse sandstone, and judging the sandstone granularity with the natural gamma value within the range of 55 < GR less than or equal to 80 as medium-fine sandstone.
4. The method of predicting the gas saturation of the heterogeneous sandstone reservoir of claim 1, wherein in step (5), the resistivity R of the formation waterWObtaining the water salinity and the temperature of the stratum by checking a chart; resistivity of hydrocarbon-bearing pure rock RtAnd reading through a deep lateral resistivity log corresponding to the depth.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103912271A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for grading evaluation of tight sandstone gas resource |
| WO2018028258A1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and system for determining heterogeneous carbonate rock reservoir saturation index |
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| CN103912271A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for grading evaluation of tight sandstone gas resource |
| WO2018028258A1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and system for determining heterogeneous carbonate rock reservoir saturation index |
| CN110554441A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | compact sandstone gas saturation calculation method based on calcareous content correction |
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| 朱秋影;魏国齐;刘锐娥;胡勇;谢坤;王继平;: "致密砂岩气藏可动水层早期判识方法及矿场应用", 大庆石油地质与开发, no. 01, 20 November 2017 (2017-11-20) * |
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