CN114086318B - High-speed cyclone synergistic supergravity melt-blown spinning device and use method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed cyclone synergistic supergravity melt-blown spinning device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114086318B CN114086318B CN202010865493.0A CN202010865493A CN114086318B CN 114086318 B CN114086318 B CN 114086318B CN 202010865493 A CN202010865493 A CN 202010865493A CN 114086318 B CN114086318 B CN 114086318B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of melt-blown spinning, and particularly discloses a high-speed cyclone synergistic supergravity melt-blown spinning device and a using method thereof. The device comprises an extruder (1), a supergravity wire throwing assembly, a disc-shaped air drum assembly and a wire laying device (9), wherein the supergravity wire throwing assembly is positioned inside the disc-shaped air drum assembly and comprises a cylinder chassis (2) and a cylinder (3) connected with the cylinder chassis (2), the cylinder (3) is fixedly connected with a driving motor (5), and micropores (4) are formed in the surface of the cylinder (3). The invention utilizes the high gravity field provided by the rotating cylinder to throw the polymer melt out of the micropores or microgrooves, which is beneficial to improving the fiber forming efficiency, improving the uniformity of the fiber diameter, shortening the filamentation process and improving the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of melt-blown spinning, in particular to a high-speed cyclone synergistic supergravity melt-blown spinning device and a using method thereof.
Background
Nonwoven refers to sheets, webs, or batts of oriented or randomly arranged fibers, which may be natural or chemical, made by friction, cohesion, bonding, or a combination of these methods. Melt-blown technology is an important method for preparing nonwoven fabrics by directly forming a web from polymers. The principle is that polymer melt is blown by high-speed high-temperature air flow to be rapidly stretched and gradually solidified into filaments, so that superfine fibers are obtained, and then the superfine fibers are collected on a net collecting curtain to form the non-woven fabric. The melt-blown non-woven fabric has many pores, a fluffy structure and good wrinkle resistance, and the superfine fibers with the unique capillary structure increase the number and the surface area of the fibers in unit area, so that the melt-blown fabric has good filtering property, shielding property, heat insulation property and oil absorption property, and is widely applied to the fields of air, liquid filtering materials, isolating materials, absorbing materials, mask materials, heat-insulating materials, oil absorption materials, wiping cloth and the like.
Theoretically, all thermoplastic polymer chip materials can be used in the melt-blowing process. However, to avoid excessive polymer expansion at the spinneret exit, the meltblown process can only be spun into a melt-sprayed web using low viscosity polymers. Statistically, more than 90% of meltblown nonwovens are made with polypropylene having a higher melt flow index (MFR), which increases throughput, lowers heating temperatures, and thus reduces energy consumption. However, the use of low molecular weight polymers allows the meltblown fibers to be low or non-molecularly oriented, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the article. The weakness of meltblown webs also presents difficulties in downstream processing, such as difficulty in dyeing meltblown fabrics, difficulty in bonding to the filter media structure of other nonwoven fabrics, etc., thereby limiting the range of meltblown applications.
CN201520898166.X discloses a melt-blown nonwoven fabric preparation device, which is subjected to the double stretching action of high-speed high-temperature air flow and high-speed electrostatic field in the melt filamentation process, so that the fibers are finer and can reach the nanometer level. However, the method is still limited to the improvement and upgrade of the traditional spinning equipment, and the problems that the material application range of the traditional spinning equipment is narrow and the high molecular weight polymer is difficult to process cannot be solved. WO2019130697A1 discloses a method and a device for rapidly preparing melt-blown non-woven fabric with small average fiber diameter and large specific surface area. The device realizes the melt-blown spinning of the high molecular weight polypropylene by improving the structure of the spinneret plate, and the product has better mechanical property. But the device can only process high molecular weight polypropylene, and the material application range still needs to be expanded.
Therefore, although the application range of the melt-blown technical material is expanded and the product performance is improved to a certain extent by the methods of equipment improvement, raw material modification, process compounding and the like, the prior art is limited to upgrading and improving the traditional spinning equipment, the material adaptability cannot make a great breakthrough, and the method is especially slow in the melt-blown spinning of high-molecular-weight and low-melt-flow-index polymers. Therefore, aiming at the defects of the existing melt-blown non-woven fabric forming process, the development of the method and the device for melt-blown spinning of the high polymer material with wide material application range, high fiber forming efficiency, uniform diameter and high comprehensive performance has important significance for promoting the development and the application of the melt-blown non-woven fabric.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high polymer material melt-blown spinning method and device with wide material application range, high fiber forming efficiency, uniform diameter and high comprehensive performance. The detailed technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention discloses a high-speed cyclone synergistic supergravity melt-blown spinning device, which comprises an extruder (1), a supergravity filament throwing assembly, a disc-shaped air drum assembly and a filament spreading device (9), wherein the supergravity filament throwing assembly is positioned inside the disc-shaped air drum assembly, the supergravity filament throwing assembly comprises a cylinder chassis (2) and a cylinder (3) connected with the cylinder chassis (2), the cylinder (3) is fixedly connected with a driving motor (5), micropores (4) are formed in the surface of the cylinder (3), a nozzle of the extruder (1) is connected with the cylinder chassis (2), the disc-shaped air drum assembly comprises a spiral air duct (6), an air drum shell (7) and a centrifugal fan (8), the spiral air duct (6) is concentrically arranged along the outer wall of the cylinder (3), the supergravity filament throwing assembly is wrapped by the air drum shell (7), an air outlet of the centrifugal fan (8) is communicated with the inside of the air drum shell (7), a material outlet (10) is formed in the air drum shell (7), and the filament spreading device (9) is positioned below the material outlet (10).
The supergravity technology of the application refers to the force that the material received under the environment that is much bigger than earth acceleration of gravity, mainly forms centrifugal force field through rotating the whole or part of equipment, and acceleration of centrifugal force is greater than acceleration of gravity, and the wide application is in fields such as chemical industry separation, material engineering, biochemical industry and environmental protection. High velocity wind, in this application, refers to wind speeds in excess of 10 meters per second at high speeds.
Preferably, the supergravity wire throwing assembly and the disc-shaped air drum assembly are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the material outlet (10) is positioned at the tangent line of the tail end of the spiral air duct (6).
Preferably, the cross section of the micropore (4) is one of a circle, a triangle, a polygon and a multi-arc shape, and when the micropore (4) is a circle, the diameter is 0.01-10mm, and the distance between adjacent circle centers is 0.1-10mm.
Preferably, the cylinder chassis (2) is rotatably connected with the cylinder (3) through a mandrel (13) which is concentrically arranged, the cylinder chassis (2) and the cylinder (3) can coaxially rotate around the mandrel (13), a melt flow passage (11) is arranged inside the cylinder chassis (2), and a radiation-type microgroove (12) is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the cylinder (3), of the cylinder chassis (2).
Preferably, the surface of one side of the cylinder (3) close to the cylinder chassis (2) is provided with cylinder micro-grooves matched with the radiation-type micro-grooves (12).
Preferably, the number of the melt runners (11) is multiple, and the melt runners (11) are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the cylinder chassis (2).
Preferably, the radiation-type microgrooves (12) are uniformly distributed radiation-type microgrooves which are inclined with the radial direction of the cylinder (3), the cross section of each radiation-type microgroove (12) comprises one of a semicircle, a triangle, a polygon and a multi-arc shape, and preferably, when the cross section is in the shape of a semicircle, the diameter is 0.01-1mm, the distance between adjacent circle centers is 0.1-1mm, and the radial inclination angle is 1-180 degrees.
The second aspect of the invention protects a method for using a melt-blown spinning device, which comprises the following steps:
a1, fastening a cylinder and a cylinder chassis, starting a driving motor to drive the cylinder and the cylinder chassis to rotate together through a power output shaft, and starting a centrifugal fan to provide a high-speed spiral wind field around the cylinder;
a2, starting the extruder, injecting the polymer melt into the rotary cylinder through the nozzle, and throwing the melt out of micropores uniformly distributed on the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force;
a3, cooling and stretching the filamentous polymer melt thrown out from the micropores into fibers under the action of a high-speed spiral wind field of a disc-shaped wind drum component coaxially arranged on the periphery of the cylinder;
a4, conveying the fibers to a material outlet at the tangent of the tail end of the spiral air duct along the spiral air duct, and collecting and arranging the fibers by a fiber laying device through the material outlet.
Based on the above, in the high-speed helical wind field of the present invention, the high speed means a wind speed of 10 meters per second or more.
The third aspect of the present invention protects another method for using a melt-blown spinning device, comprising the steps of:
b1, the cylinder is connected with the cylinder chassis in a rolling manner through a mandrel, a driving motor is started to drive the cylinder to rotate through a power output shaft, and a centrifugal fan is started to provide a high-speed spiral wind field around the cylinder;
b2, starting the extruder, injecting the polymer melt into a melt flow channel in the cylinder chassis through a nozzle, throwing the polymer melt out of the melt flow channel after the polymer melt is divided by the radial microgrooves under the action of centrifugal force, and throwing the polymer melt out of micropores uniformly distributed on the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force;
b3, cooling and stretching the filamentous polymer melt thrown out of the micropores into fibers under the action of a high-speed spiral wind field of a disc-shaped wind drum assembly coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cylinder;
b4, conveying the fibers to a material outlet at the tangent of the tail end of the spiral air duct along the spiral air duct, and collecting and arranging the fibers by a fiber laying device through the material outlet.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The high-speed cyclone synergistic high-molecular material supergravity melt-blown spinning method utilizes the supergravity field provided by the rotating cylinder to throw the high-molecular melt out of the micropores or microgrooves, thereby being beneficial to improving the fiber forming efficiency and improving the diameter uniformity of the fiber;
(2) The high-speed cyclone synergistic high-molecular material supergravity melt-blown spinning device changes the traditional spinning mode, has wide material adaptability, can adopt polymers with high molecular weight and low melt index as raw materials, has good comprehensive performance of melt-blown fiber, and can spin multifunctional melt-blown products with high added value;
(3) The high-speed cyclone synergistic high-molecular material supergravity melt-blown spinning device is compact and simple in structure, spinning, stretching and cooling are carried out simultaneously, the filamentation process is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of an apparatus in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of an apparatus in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a bottom plate of the cylinder in accordance with embodiment 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the cylinder of embodiment 2.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: the device comprises an extruder 1, a cylinder chassis 2, a cylinder 3, micropores 4, a driving motor 5, a spiral air duct 6, an air drum shell 7, a centrifugal fan 8, a wire laying device 9, a material outlet 10, a melt flow channel 11 and a radial microgroove 12.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the respective embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The utility model provides a high-speed whirlwind collaborative macromolecular material hypergravity melt-blown spinning device, as shown in figure 1, including extruder 1, hypergravity gets rid of the silk subassembly, disc air drum subassembly and fiber placement device 9, hypergravity gets rid of the silk subassembly and is located inside the disc air drum subassembly, hypergravity gets rid of the silk subassembly and includes drum chassis 2, the drum 3 of being connected with drum chassis 2, drum 3 and driving motor 5 fixed connection, drum 3 surface sets up micropore 4, the nozzle of extruder 1 is connected with drum chassis 2, disc air drum subassembly includes spiral air duct 6, air drum casing 7 and centrifugal fan 8, spiral air duct 6 sets up along drum 3 outer wall is concentric, air drum casing 7 wraps up hypergravity and gets rid of the silk subassembly, centrifugal fan 8's export and the inside intercommunication of air drum casing 7, air drum casing 7 is provided with material outlet 10, fiber placement device 9 is located material outlet 10's below.
In a preferred embodiment, the supergravity wire throwing assembly and the disc-shaped air drum assembly are coaxially arranged.
In a preferred embodiment, the material outlet 10 is located at a tangent of the end of the spiral duct 6.
As a preferred embodiment, the section shape of the micro-hole 4 is one of circle, triangle, polygon and multi-arc, preferably, the diameter of the micro-hole is 0.01-10mm when the micro-hole is circular, and the distance between adjacent circle centers is 0.1-10mm.
When the embodiment is used, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The driving cylinder 3 is fastened with the cylinder chassis 2, the driving motor 5 is started to drive the cylinder 3 and the cylinder chassis 2 to rotate together through the power output shaft, and the centrifugal fan 8 is started to provide a high-speed spiral wind field around the cylinder 3;
(2) Starting the extruder 1, injecting the polymer melt into a rotating cylinder 3 with centrifugal force larger than gravity from a nozzle, and throwing the melt out of micropores 4 uniformly distributed on the cylinder 3 under the action of centrifugal force;
(3) The filamentous polymer melt thrown out from the micropores 4 is cooled and stretched into fibers under the action of a high-speed spiral wind field of a disc-shaped wind drum component coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cylinder 3;
(4) The fibers are conveyed to a material outlet 10 at the tangent of the tail end of the spiral air duct 6 along the spiral air duct 6 and are collected and sorted by a fiber spreading device 9.
Example 2
The present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in the cylinder base 2, as described below.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the cylinder chassis 2 is rotatably connected to the cylinder 3 through a concentrically arranged mandrel 13, the cylinder chassis 2 and the cylinder 3 can rotate coaxially around the mandrel 13, a melt flow channel 11 is arranged inside the cylinder chassis 2, and a radiation-type micro-groove 12 is arranged on the surface of the cylinder chassis 2 on the side close to the cylinder 3.
In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the cylinder 3 near the cylinder bottom 2 is provided with cylinder micro-grooves matching with the radiation micro-grooves 12.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of the melt channels 11 is 4, and the melt channels 11 are symmetrically distributed along the axial center of the cylinder bottom plate 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the radial micro-grooves 12 are uniformly distributed radial micro-grooves inclined with respect to the radial direction of the cylinder 3, and the cross-sectional shape of the micro-grooves includes one of a semicircle, a triangle, a polygon, and a multi-arc. The size and the spacing of the microgrooves are constant or vary along the transverse direction and/or the longitudinal direction, preferably, when the microgrooves are semicircular, the diameter is 0.01-1mm, the spacing between adjacent circle centers is 0.1-1mm, and the radial inclination angle is 1-180 degrees.
When the method is used, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The driving motor 5 is started to drive the cylinder 3 to rotate through the power output shaft, the centrifugal fan 8 is started to provide a high-speed spiral wind field around the cylinder 3, and the cylinder 3 and the cylinder chassis 2 perform relative rotation movement through the mandrel 13;
(2) Starting the extruder 1, injecting the polymer melt into a melt runner 11 in the cylinder chassis 2 through a nozzle, throwing the polymer melt out of the rotating cylinder 3 with centrifugal force far greater than gravity after being divided by a radial microgroove 12 under the action of centrifugal force, and throwing the polymer melt out of micropores 4 uniformly distributed on the cylinder 3 under the action of centrifugal force;
(3) The filamentous polymer melt thrown out from the micropores 4 is cooled and stretched into superfine fibers under the action of a high-speed spiral wind field of a disc-shaped wind drum component coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cylinder 3;
(4) The superfine fibers are conveyed to a material outlet 10 at the tangent of the tail end of the spiral air duct 6 along the spiral air duct 6 and are collected and sorted by a fiber spreading device 9.
The difference between the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is that the melt-blown spinning device is more suitable for melt-blown spinning of high-molecular-weight and low-melt-index polymers, and the device structure is simpler and more compact and is easy to form and process.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The high-speed cyclone synergistic supergravity melt-blown spinning device is characterized by comprising an extruder (1), a supergravity filament throwing assembly, a disc-shaped air drum assembly and a filament spreading device (9), wherein the supergravity filament throwing assembly is positioned inside the disc-shaped air drum assembly and comprises a cylinder chassis (2) and a cylinder (3) connected with the cylinder chassis (2), the cylinder (3) is fixedly connected with a driving motor (5), micropores (4) are formed in the surface of the cylinder (3), a nozzle of the extruder (1) is connected with the cylinder chassis (2), the disc-shaped air drum assembly comprises a spiral air duct (6), an air drum shell (7) and a centrifugal fan (8), the spiral air duct (6) is concentrically arranged along the outer wall of the cylinder (3), the air drum shell (7) holds the supergravity filament throwing assembly, an air outlet of the centrifugal fan (8) is communicated with the inside of the air drum shell (7), the air drum shell (7) is provided with a material outlet (10), and the filament spreading device (9) is positioned below the material outlet (10); the supergravity wire throwing assembly and the disc-shaped air drum assembly are coaxially arranged; the material outlet (10) is positioned at the tangent line of the tail end of the spiral air duct (6).
2. Melt-blown spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of said micro-holes (4) is one of circular, polygonal and multi-arc, the diameter of said micro-holes (4) is 0.01-10mm when they are circular, and the distance between adjacent centers of the circles is 0.1-10mm.
3. Melt-blown spinning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the cylinder base (2) is rotatably connected to the cylinder (3) by a concentrically arranged mandrel (13), the cylinder base (2) and the cylinder (3) are coaxially rotatable around the mandrel (13), a melt channel (11) is arranged inside the cylinder base (2), and a radial microgroove (12) is arranged on the surface of the cylinder base (2) on the side close to the cylinder (3).
4. Melt-blown spinning device according to claim 3, characterized in that the surface of the cylinder (3) on the side close to the cylinder bottom plate (2) is provided with cylinder micro-grooves matching the radial micro-grooves (12).
5. Melt-blown spinning apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that there are several melt channels (11), said melt channels (11) being symmetrically distributed along the axis of the cylinder bottom disc (2).
6. Melt-blown spinning device according to claim 4, characterized in that the radial micro-grooves (12) are uniformly distributed radial micro-grooves inclined radially to the cylinder (3), the cross-sectional shape of the radial micro-grooves (12) comprises one of a semicircle, a polygon and a multi-arc, when the cross-sectional shape is a semicircle, the diameter is 0.01-1mm, the distance between adjacent circle centers is 0.1-1mm, and the radial inclination angle is 1-180 °.
7. Use of a melt-blown spinning device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
a1, fastening a cylinder and a cylinder chassis, starting a driving motor to drive the cylinder and the cylinder chassis to rotate together through a power output shaft, and starting a centrifugal fan to provide a high-speed spiral wind field around the cylinder;
a2, starting the extruder, injecting the polymer melt into the rotary cylinder through the nozzle, and throwing the melt out of micropores uniformly distributed on the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force;
a3, cooling and stretching the filamentous polymer melt thrown out from the micropores into fibers under the action of a high-speed spiral wind field of a disc-shaped wind drum component coaxially arranged on the periphery of the cylinder;
a4, conveying the fibers to a material outlet at the tangent of the tail end of the spiral air duct along the spiral air duct, and collecting and arranging the fibers by a fiber laying device through the material outlet.
8. Use of a melt-blown spinning device according to any one of the claims 3 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
b1, the cylinder is connected with a cylinder chassis in a rolling manner through a mandrel, a driving motor is started to drive the cylinder to rotate through a power output shaft, and a centrifugal fan is started to provide a high-speed spiral wind field around the cylinder;
b2, starting the extruder, injecting the polymer melt into a melt flow channel in the cylinder chassis through a nozzle, throwing the polymer melt out of the melt flow channel after the polymer melt is divided by the radial microgrooves under the action of centrifugal force, and throwing the polymer melt out of micropores uniformly distributed on the cylinder under the action of centrifugal force;
b3, cooling and stretching the filamentous polymer melt thrown out of the micropores into fibers under the action of a high-speed spiral wind field of a disc-shaped wind drum assembly coaxially arranged at the periphery of the cylinder;
b4, conveying the fibers to a material outlet at the tangent of the tail end of the spiral air duct along the spiral air duct, and collecting and arranging the fibers by a fiber laying device through the material outlet.
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| 《A comparative study of jet formation in nozzle- and nozzle-less centrifugal spinning systems》;许怀中等;《polymer physics》;20141231;第52卷(第23期);第1547-1559页 * |
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| CN114086318A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
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