CN114086076B - High-carbon chromium bearing steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-carbon chromium bearing steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114086076B CN114086076B CN202210019159.2A CN202210019159A CN114086076B CN 114086076 B CN114086076 B CN 114086076B CN 202210019159 A CN202210019159 A CN 202210019159A CN 114086076 B CN114086076 B CN 114086076B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
Abstract
The invention provides a high-carbon chromium bearing steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises, by weight, 0.95-1.05% of C, 0.15-0.30% of Si, 0.2-0.33% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 1.60-1.90% of Cr, 0.50-0.90% of Mo, 0.003-0.008% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities, and the high-carbon chromium bearing steel is subjected to blast furnace iron making, molten iron pretreatment, converter steel making, LF refining, RH refining and continuous casting, so that the contact fatigue life of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel is further prolonged, and the L are respectively high-carbon chromium bearing steel10Can reach 5.0 multiplied by 107The above steps are repeated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearing steel manufacturing, in particular to high-carbon chromium bearing steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The bearing steel is a main material for manufacturing the bearing, needs to have the metallurgical quality of ultrahigh purity, strictly controlled inclusion types, sizes, quantities, distribution and the like, high hardness, proper toughness, higher wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance, and meets the requirements of the rolling bearing on service life and reliability. Therefore, the bearing steel has the highest quality, strict performance requirements, wide range of quantities and various varieties, and is called as the king of special steel. According to the chemical components and the use requirements of bearing steel, the bearing steel can be divided into five types, namely high-carbon chromium bearing steel, carburizing bearing steel, medium-carbon bearing steel, high-temperature bearing steel, nonmagnetic bearing steel and the like.
GCr15 is the most classical bearing steel mark, has been for a century, is still the single steel grade with the largest yield in bearing steel and even special steel at present, and accounts for more than 85 percent of the total bearing steel. GCr15 is used as general bearing steel and is suitable for various bearing parts used in the environment below 150 ℃.
The high-carbon chromium bearing steel GCr15 is widely applied to parts such as inner and outer rings, rolling bodies and the like of rolling bearings for various mechanical equipment, and the metallurgical quality and the performance after heat treatment directly determine the service performance, the service life, the reliability and the like of the bearings and even a main machine. With the development of high-end manufacturing industry, the high-speed precision machine tool main shaft bearing, the wind driven generator main shaft bearing, the high-speed railway axle box bearing and the like all require ultra-long service life and high reliability, and the high-carbon chromium bearing steel used is required to have 107And the second or more ultra-long contact fatigue life.
In recent hundred years, the chemical components of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel GCr15 are not changed greatly, the contact fatigue life is prolonged by more than 100 times, which is closely related to the development of the bearing steel smelting technology, the oxygen content is reduced, the number and the size of non-metallic inclusions are reduced, and the fatigue life of the bearing steel is greatly prolonged.
Although the purity control level of domestic high-carbon chromium bearing steel reaches or exceeds that of western developed countries, the contact fatigue life of the domestic high-carbon chromium bearing steel is still different from that of the western developed countries, and how to further improve the contact fatigue life of the domestic high-carbon chromium bearing steel is a long-term concern of domestic researchers. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to further improve the contact fatigue life of high-carbon chromium bearing steel, and in order to realize the aim, the inventor adjusts the components of the prior GCr15 steel and correspondingly improves the preparation method thereof, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises, by weight, 0.95-1.05% of C, 0.15-0.30% of Si, 0.2-0.33% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 1.60-1.90% of Cr, 0.50-0.90% of Mo, 0.003-0.008% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Further, by weight percentage, C1.00-1.05, Si 0.15-0.20, Mn 0.3-0.33, P less than or equal to 0.008, S less than or equal to 0.005, Cr 1.70-1.85, Mo 0.65-0.75, Nb 0.004-0.007, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Researches show that Mo can refine grains, enhance the wear resistance and improve the toughness and the hardenability, and researches show that when the content of Mo is 0.5-0.9%, the wear resistance and the toughness can be improved together.
Nb can refine grains and improve the uniformity of structures, can also improve the distribution of carbides in steel and improve the toughness of bearing steel, and researches find that the toughness of the bearing steel is best when the Nb content is 0.003-0.008%.
Furthermore, when the content of Mo is 0.65-0.75% and the content of Nb is 0.004-0.007%, the high-carbon chromium bearing steel has the best effects of wear resistance and toughness, and can obtain better contact fatigue performance.
The preparation method of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following steps:
(1) blast furnace ironmaking;
(2) performing KR desulfurization on molten iron, wherein the discharged S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent;
(3) converter steelmaking, adopting a double-slag process, wherein the P content of the steel is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and adding aluminum particles, high-carbon ferrochrome and ferromanganese into the steel to perform deoxidation alloying treatment;
(4) LF refining, namely heating, making white slag, performing micro-deoxidation on the slag after oxygen determination by adopting a C-containing material without an aluminum-containing material, adding ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum for alloying treatment after meeting the requirement of oxygen content, controlling the contents of Nb and Mo according to upper limits, and finishing the LF refining process after meeting the requirement;
(5) RH refining;
(6) and (4) continuous casting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention starts from the reason of causing the contact fatigue life gap of high carbon chromium bearing steel at home and abroad, adjusts the components of the prior GCr15 steel, correspondingly improves the preparation method thereof and obtains better contact fatigue performance; when the Mo content is 0.65-0.75% and the Nb content is 0.004-0.007%, the high-carbon chromium bearing steel has the best effects of wear resistance and toughness, can obtain better contact fatigue life, and has L10Can reach 5.0 multiplied by 107The above steps are repeated.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below.
The high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises, by weight, 0.95-1.05% of C, 0.15-0.30% of Si, 0.2-0.33% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.010% of S, 1.60-1.90% of Cr, 0.50-0.90% of Mo, 0.003-0.008% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) blast furnace ironmaking; (2) performing KR desulfurization on molten iron, wherein the discharged S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent; (3) converter steelmaking, adopting a double-slag process, wherein the P content of the steel is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and adding aluminum particles, high-carbon ferrochrome and ferromanganese into the steel to perform deoxidation alloying treatment; (4) LF refining, namely heating, making white slag, performing micro-deoxidation on the slag after oxygen determination by adopting a C-containing material without an aluminum-containing material, adding ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum for alloying treatment after meeting the requirement of oxygen content, controlling the contents of Nb and Mo according to upper limits, and finishing the LF refining process after meeting the requirement; (5) RH refining; (6) and (4) continuous casting.
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
Examples 1 to 3
The embodiment 1-3 adopts the following process to prepare the high-carbon chromium bearing steel, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) blast furnace ironmaking; (2) performing KR desulfurization on the molten iron for controlling the content of S; (3) converter steelmaking, adopting a double-slag process, controlling the content of P in steel tapping, and adding aluminum particles, high-carbon ferrochrome and ferromanganese into the steel tapping to perform deoxidation alloying treatment; (4) LF refining, namely heating, making white slag, performing micro-deoxidation on the slag after oxygen determination by adopting a C-containing material without an aluminum-containing material, adding ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum for alloying treatment after meeting the requirement of oxygen content, controlling the contents of Nb and Mo according to upper limits, and finishing the LF refining process after meeting the requirement; (5) RH refining; (6) and (4) continuous casting. The compositions of the prepared high-carbon chromium bearing steel are shown in examples 1 to 3 in table 1;
comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative examples 1 to 3 high carbon chromium bearing steels were produced using substantially the same manufacturing process as in examples 1 to 3, except that:
comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that ferroniobium alloying is performed, and ferromolybdenum alloying is not performed;
comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that ferromolybdenum alloying was performed, and ferroniobium alloying was not performed;
comparative example 3 is a high carbon chromium bearing steel prepared without alloying ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum in the prior art.
Comparative examples 1 to 3 the compositions of the high carbon chromium bearing steels prepared are shown in comparative examples 1 to 3 in table 1.
The high-carbon chromium bearing steels prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance testsThe test results are shown in the following table, and the contact fatigue life L of the high carbon chromium bearing steel after alloying of ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum10About 5 times of the prior art, the contact fatigue life L of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel only subjected to the alloying of ferrocolumbium or ferromolybdenum10Only less than 2 times of the prior art, so that the high-carbon chromium bearing steel after alloying of ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum achieves better contact fatigue performance.
Specific examples of the present invention, comparative examples and their properties are shown in the following table (each constituent element unit is wt%, contact fatigue life L)10Has a unit of 107Second)
TABLE 1 composition and Performance test results of high carbon chromium bearing steels of examples
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A high-carbon chromium bearing steel is characterized by comprising, by weight, 1.00-1.05% of C, 0.15-0.20% of Si, 0.3-0.33% of Mn, not more than 0.008% of P, not more than 0.005% of S, 1.70-1.85% of Cr, 0.65-0.75% of Mo, 0.004-0.007% of Nb, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities, and having a contact fatigue life L10≥5.4×107Secondly;
the preparation method of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following steps:
(1) blast furnace ironmaking;
(2) performing KR desulfurization on molten iron, wherein the discharged S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent;
(3) converter steelmaking, adopting a double-slag process, wherein the P content of the steel is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and adding aluminum particles, high-carbon ferrochrome and ferromanganese into the steel to perform deoxidation alloying treatment;
(4) LF refining, namely heating, making white slag, performing micro-deoxidation on the slag after oxygen determination by adopting a C-containing material without an aluminum-containing material, adding ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum for alloying treatment after meeting the requirement of oxygen content, controlling the contents of Nb and Mo according to upper limits, and finishing the LF refining process after meeting the requirement;
(5) RH refining;
(6) and (4) continuous casting.
2. The method of producing a high carbon chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) blast furnace ironmaking;
(2) performing KR desulfurization on molten iron, wherein the discharged S is less than or equal to 0.010 percent;
(3) converter steelmaking, adopting a double-slag process, wherein the P content of the steel is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and adding aluminum particles, high-carbon ferrochrome and ferromanganese into the steel to perform deoxidation alloying treatment;
(4) LF refining, namely heating, making white slag, performing micro-deoxidation on the slag after oxygen determination by adopting a C-containing material without an aluminum-containing material, adding ferrocolumbium and ferromolybdenum for alloying treatment after meeting the requirement of oxygen content, controlling the contents of Nb and Mo according to upper limits, and finishing the LF refining process after meeting the requirement;
(5) RH refining;
(6) and (4) continuous casting.
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000096185A (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-04-04 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel for bearing |
| CN1774521A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-05-17 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Steel material with excellent rolling fatigue life and method of producing the same |
| CN102634732A (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting method of high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN103122433A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-29 | 西安交通大学 | Ultrahigh-carbon type bearing steel |
| CN107904492A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-04-13 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of low silicon high-carbon-chromium bearing steel and its hot rolling production method |
| CN111763889A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-13 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-carbon bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112111696A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-22 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-carbon bearing steel with high isotropy and long contact fatigue life and manufacturing method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-01-10 CN CN202210019159.2A patent/CN114086076B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000096185A (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-04-04 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Steel for bearing |
| CN1774521A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-05-17 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Steel material with excellent rolling fatigue life and method of producing the same |
| CN102634732A (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting method of high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN103122433A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-29 | 西安交通大学 | Ultrahigh-carbon type bearing steel |
| CN107904492A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-04-13 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of low silicon high-carbon-chromium bearing steel and its hot rolling production method |
| CN111763889A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-13 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-carbon bearing steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN112111696A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-22 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-carbon bearing steel with high isotropy and long contact fatigue life and manufacturing method thereof |
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