CN114085666A - Preparation method of oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material and application of gold cluster assembly material in detection of ferric ions - Google Patents
Preparation method of oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material and application of gold cluster assembly material in detection of ferric ions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material and application thereof in detection of ferric ions. The method is convenient to operate, simple in synthesis process, and capable of effectively realizing the uniformity of product morphology and the monodispersity of product size, and meanwhile, the assembled material can realize the visual detection of ferric ions, and the detection is sensitive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fluorescent nano materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material and application of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material in detection of ferric ions.
Background
Metal nanoclusters, consisting of a few to hundreds of atoms, are an important material for connecting molecules to bulk metal electronic structures. The ultra-small size (typically less than 2nm) gives the clusters some unique properties such as photoluminescence, intrinsic magnetism and catalytic properties. Meanwhile, the precise atomic structure provides a better condition for exploring the light-emitting mechanism of the fluorescent material, but the application of the fluorescent material is limited by the lower fluorescence emission intensity of the clusters, so that the method for enhancing the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent material is widely researched, and the self-assembly of the clusters is a method capable of effectively improving the fluorescence intensity.
Self-assembly is a precise assembly process that relies on weak interactions between molecules or particles, such as van der waals forces, electrostatic repulsion, metal-ligand interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions, to form assemblies with morphologically regular unique properties. Metal nanoclusters are composed of a metal core and peripheral ligands, and thus self-assembly of the cluster can be induced by interactions between ligands (Template-Free supra-colloidal self-assembly of atomic precision gold nanoparticles: from 2D colloidal crystals to molecular caps, t.lahtinen, j.s.haataja, t.r.taro, H.
O, Ikkala, angel. chem. int.ed.2016,55, 16035-.
Some of the currently used methods for cluster self-assembly are complex in synthesis steps and long in synthesis time, and some of the synthesized products are non-uniform in morphology and large in size dispersion degree. Therefore, the development of a method with simple synthesis steps, short time consumption, uniform product appearance and small size dispersity has important research significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems existing in the technical background, the invention provides a preparation method of an oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material and application of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material in detection of ferric ions. The method has the advantages of convenient operation and simple synthesis process, and can effectively realize the uniformity of the product appearance and the monodispersion of the product size.
The preparation method of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material comprises the following steps:
step 1: adding chloroauric acid solution and oligopeptide aqueous solution into ultrapure water, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
step 2: heating the reaction system to a certain temperature, and stirring for a preset time;
and step 3: filtering the reaction solution obtained in the step 2 by using a filter head, and ultrafiltering the obtained product by using a cut-off filter to remove the complex with small molecular weight and the free oligopeptide ligand to obtain cluster concentrated solution;
and 4, step 4: and (4) sampling the cluster concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the molecular formula through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
And 5: and (4) adding a DTT solution into the cluster concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and stirring for a certain time to obtain the gold cluster assembly material protected by the oligopeptides.
In step 1, the purity of the chloroauric acid is more than or equal to 99 percent (HAuCl)4·3H2O), the purity of oligopeptide is more than or equal to 96 percent.
In step 1, the concentration of the chloroauric acid solution was 0.2 g/mL-1(ii) a The concentration of the oligopeptide aqueous solution is 10 mg/mL-1(ii) a The molar ratio of the chloroauric acid to the oligopeptide is 1: 1.5; the stirring rate was 300 r/min.
The amino acid sequence of the oligopeptide includes a DGEA fragment.
Further, the structural formula of the oligopeptide is one of the following structures:
in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the reaction time is 2 hours, the pH value of the reaction system is 2.6, and the stirring speed is 300 r/min.
In step 3, the filter head size was 22 μm and the cut-off filter size was 3 kDa.
In step 4, the cluster concentrated solution is purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before the mass spectrum characterization operation, and dispersed and stacked gel is prepared by taking 30% and 4% of acrylamide monomers as raw materials. The parameters of the electrospray ionization mass spectrum are an anion mode, the source voltage is 2.6kV, the source temperature is 80 ℃, and the cone hole voltage is 40.
In the step 5, the concentration of the DTT solution is 10mM, the molar ratio of the DTT solution to the clusters is 1:8.5, and the stirring speed is 300 r/min.
The application of the gold cluster assembly material protected by the oligopeptide disclosed by the invention is to use the gold cluster assembly material as a detection reagent for detecting ferric ions, wherein the lower detection limit is 76.6 mu M.
The assembly material can realize the visual detection of iron ions by being placed on the filter paper, and the detection is sensitive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the invention synthesizes the fluorescent gold nanocluster protected by the oligopeptide by adopting a thermal reduction method, utilizes the sulfhydryl group carried on the oligopeptide to etch the gold nanoparticles, obtains the gold nanocluster with smaller size, has few reactant types, and can obtain a cluster precursor with accurate atomic number.
2. The invention utilizes two sulfhydryl groups on dithiothreitol to form disulfide bonds, realizes cluster assembly, has simple product purification, can obtain a solid product only by simple centrifugation, and realizes subsequent visual detection of iron ions.
3. The product of the invention has uniform appearance and size, the molecular formula of the precursor cluster can be obtained by mass spectrometry, and the fluorescence of the assembly is greatly enhanced compared with the cluster.
4. The method provided by the invention is simple to operate, consumes less time, does not need a high-pressure environment, is free from danger, and has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an oligopeptide used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reaction principle of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum of the gold cluster protected by the oligopeptide of the present invention. Wherein (a) the ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum of the cluster (inset is a photograph of sample one in daylight); (b) fluorescence excitation and emission curves of the clusters (inset is a picture of a sample-solution under uv illumination).
Fig. 4 shows an X-ray photoelectron spectrum Au4f orbital diagram (a) and a full spectrum diagram (b) of the gold cluster protected by the oligopeptide of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a) and electrospray ionization mass spectrum (b) of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster of the present invention, and Pep represents the oligopeptide used.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of fluorescence intensity between the gold cluster protected by the oligopeptide of the present invention and the assembly material, and the insets show the cluster solution (left) and the suspension of the assembly material (right), respectively.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing hydrodynamic diameters of gold clusters and assembly materials protected by oligopeptides of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows high resolution transmission electron micrographs (a) of gold clusters protected with oligopeptides of the present invention and scanning electron micrographs (b), (c), and (d) of assembly materials.
Fig. 9 is an infrared spectrum of the gold cluster and the assembly material protected by the oligopeptide of the present invention, and the right image is an enlarged portion of the red rectangular area on the left image.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of ferric ion in the assembled material of the present inventioncIndicates the fluorescence intensity at that concentration0Indicating the fluorescence intensity of the material without the addition of iron ions.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the exclusion of interference of other metal ions with the detection of ferric ions by the assembly material.
Fig. 12 is a photograph showing the visual detection of ferric ions, (a) and (b) are photographs showing the experimental group and the control group under sunlight and ultraviolet irradiation (left is the control group, right is the experimental group), respectively, (c) is a photograph showing the experimental group under an ultraviolet lamp after dropping ferric ions (concentration of 5 mM).
Detailed Description
Example 1: preparation of oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material
8.8mL of ultrapure water was transferred to the flask, and 27. mu.L of a chloroauric acid solution (0.2 g. multidot.mL) was taken out with a pipette-1) And 1mL of an aqueous oligopeptide solution (10 mg. multidot.mL)-1Amino acid sequence is DGEAGC) is added into ultrapure water, stirred for about 2min (300r/min), and reactants are mixed evenly. Heating and stirring the mixture by using an oil bath kettle at the temperature of 70 ℃, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a light yellow solution, and emitting orange-red light under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp (365 nm). The sample was taken out with a syringe, large-sized particles were filtered off with a filter head, and the filtrate was centrifuged (8000r/min) for 10min in an ultrafiltration tube. Adding the cluster solution into a small glass bottle, adding dithiothreitol (DTT, 10mM) under the condition of slow stirring, stirring for about 10min, converting the solution from clear to turbid, and centrifuging the product to obtain a solid product of the assembly material.
Example 2: preparation of oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material
8.8mL of ultrapure water was transferred to the flask, and 22. mu.L of a chloroauric acid solution (0.2 g. multidot.mL) was taken out with a pipette-1) And 1mL of an aqueous oligopeptide solution (10 mg. multidot.mL)-1The amino acid sequence is ECGDGEA) is added into ultrapure water, stirred for about 2min (300r/min), and the reactants are mixed evenly. Heating and stirring the mixture by using an oil bath kettle at the temperature of 70 ℃, reacting for 2 hours to obtain a light yellow solution, and emitting orange-red light under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp (365 nm). The sample was taken out with a syringe, large-sized particles were filtered off with a filter head, and the filtrate was centrifuged (8000r/min) for 10min in an ultrafiltration tube. Adding the cluster solution into a small glass bottle, adding dithiothreitol (DTT, 10mM) under the condition of slow stirring, stirring for about 10min, converting the solution from clear to turbid, and centrifuging the product to obtain a solid product of the assembly material.
Example 3: preparation of oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material
8.8mL of ultrapure water was transferred to the flask, and 27. mu.L of a chloroauric acid solution (0.2 g. multidot.mL) was taken out with a pipette-1) And 1mL of an aqueous oligopeptide solution (10 mg. multidot.mL)-1The amino acid sequence is CGDGEA), adding the mixture into ultrapure water, stirring for about 2min (300r/min), and uniformly mixing the reactants. Heating and stirring with 70 deg.C oil bath, and reactingAfter a further 2h, a pale yellow solution was obtained which emitted orange-red light under irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp (365 nm). The sample was taken out with a syringe, large-sized particles were filtered off with a filter head, and the filtrate was centrifuged (8000r/min) for 10min in an ultrafiltration tube. Adding the cluster solution into a small glass bottle, adding dithiothreitol (DTT, 10mM) under the condition of slow stirring, stirring for about 10min, converting the solution from clear to turbid, and centrifuging the product to obtain a solid product of the assembly material.
Example 4:
taking 1mL of assembly material solution, adding 1mL of deionized water, firstly testing the fluorescence intensity of the solution as a blank control, then adding 10 mu L of ferric ions with different concentrations into the solution, then testing the fluorescence intensity, and performing parallel testing for three times to make an error bar.
Example 5:
1mL of deionized water was added to 1mL of the assembly material solution, the fluorescence intensity of the solution was first tested as a blank, then 10. mu.L (5mM) of a different ionic solution was added to the solution, and the fluorescence intensity was then tested in triplicate to make an error bar.
Example 6:
and (3) coating the assembly material solid on filter paper, dividing the assembly material solid into a control group and an experimental group, dropwise adding 10 mu L of ferric ion solution into the experimental group, and obviously showing under an ultraviolet lamp that the ferric ion can obviously quench the fluorescence of the material.
FIG. 1 is a simplified structure of oligopeptide used in the present experiment, the amino acid sequence of which contains cysteine with a sulfhydryl group, and the cysteine has reducibility and can etch gold nanoparticles and also can be used as a capping agent and a stabilizer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reaction principle of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster.
Fig. 3(a) is the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum of the synthesized oligopeptide-protected gold cluster, from which it can be seen that the sample has an absorption shoulder around 380nm and no plasmon resonance peak of gold nanoparticles at 520nm, indicating that no large particles are formed. Fig. 3(b) is a fluorescence spectrum of the gold cluster protected by the synthesized oligopeptide, from which it is obvious that the maximum wavelength of fluorescence excitation is about 372nm, which can be well matched with the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. The maximum wavelength of fluorescence emission is about 586nm, and the fluorescence emission is in a typical orange light-bias red light emission region.
Fig. 4 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the gold cluster protected by the synthesized oligopeptide, and from the graph (a), it can be seen that the binding energy of the gold 4f orbital is between zero valence gold (83.9 ev) and monovalent gold (84.6 ev) at 84.36 ev, which is consistent with the properties of the alloy nanocluster, and the successful synthesis of the cluster is confirmed. From FIG. (b), it can be seen that the material contains elements C, O, S, etc., confirming the presence of the ligand.
FIG. 5 is a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis diagram and an electrospray ionization mass spectrum of gold cluster protected by synthetic oligopeptide, wherein only one band can be seen on the electrophoresis plate from the diagram (a), which shows that the material size is concentrated, and the result of electrospray ionization mass spectrum is shown in the diagram (b), and the matched molecular formula is Au15(Pep)12Wherein Pep represents the oligopeptide used in the experiment.
Fig. 6 is a comparison graph of fluorescence intensity of the synthesized oligopeptide-protected gold clusters and the assembly material and a sample photograph, from which it can be seen that the fluorescence intensity of the assembly material reaches about three times of the clusters, and the solution turns from clear to turbid, indicating that the clusters are assembled into a nano material with larger size.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the hydrodynamic diameter of the gold cluster protected by the synthesized oligopeptide and the assembly material, and it can be seen from the graph that the average hydrodynamic diameter is increased from 3.615nm to 615nm from the cluster to the assembly material (the average hydrodynamic diameter is larger than the size of a high-resolution transmission electron microscope due to the existence of peripheral ligands and the influence of the concentration), and the monodispersity of the product is better.
Fig. 8 is a high resolution transmission electron microscope image of the gold cluster protected by the synthesized oligopeptide and a scanning electron microscope image of the assembly material, from which it can be obviously obtained that the average size of the gold core of the synthesized cluster is about 1nm, the morphology is uniform (spherical), the size distribution is concentrated, no obvious aggregation phenomenon exists, and the appearance of the assembly material is regular and is small balls with the diameter of about 0.15 μm.
FIG. 9 is a graph of infrared absorption spectra of synthesized oligopeptide-protected gold clusters and assembled materials, from which it can be seen that cluster assembly is probably due to DTT-induced formation of disulfide bonds (wave number 422 cm)-1) And the clusters are assembled.
FIG. 10 shows the response of the fluorescence intensity of the synthesized assembly material to the concentration of ferric ion, and the variation (ln (F) of the fluorescence intensity of the assembly material can be seen from the graphc/F0)，FcAs the fluorescence intensity at this concentration, F0Indicating the fluorescence intensity of the material without adding iron ions) is linearly related to the concentration of the iron ions within the range of 0-10 mM, and is related to the concentration of the iron ions3+Addition of (a), ln (F)c/F0) And c (Fe)3+) The linear relationship of (A) follows two groups of linear relationships, and the linear correlation range is 0-5 mm. At low concentration (0-0.2 mM), the linear relationship thereof conforms to the equation y1＝-1.67x-0.04(R20.971), and at medium concentrations (5-0.2 mM), the linear relationship conforms to equation y2＝-0.18x-0.31(R2＝0.998)。
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the interference of the assembled material with ferric ion excluding other metal ions, and it can be seen that only ferric ion can cause the fluorescence intensity of the material to change significantly.
Fig. 12 is a picture of visual detection of iron ions, and the solid assembly material is coated on the filter paper, so that the fluorescence of the material on the side where the iron ions are dropped is obviously reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of an oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: adding chloroauric acid solution and oligopeptide aqueous solution into ultrapure water, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
step 2: heating the reaction system to a certain temperature, and stirring for a preset time;
and step 3: filtering the reaction solution obtained in the step 2 by using a filter head, and ultrafiltering the obtained product by using a cut-off filter to remove the complex with small molecular weight and the free oligopeptide ligand to obtain cluster concentrated solution;
and 4, step 4: sampling the cluster concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and obtaining a molecular formula through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry;
and 5: and (4) adding a DTT solution into the cluster concentrated solution obtained in the step (3), and stirring for a certain time to obtain the gold cluster assembly material protected by the oligopeptides.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in step 1, the concentration of the chloroauric acid solution was 0.2 g/mL-1(ii) a The concentration of the oligopeptide aqueous solution is 10 mg/mL-1。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 1, the molar ratio of the chloroauric acid to the oligopeptide is 1: 1.5.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the amino acid sequence of the oligopeptide includes a DGEA fragment.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the structural formula of the oligopeptide is as follows:
6. the method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step 2, the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the reaction time is 2 hours, and the pH value of the reaction system is 2.6.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in step 3, the filter head size was 22 μm and the cut-off filter size was 3 kDa.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and 4, purifying the cluster concentrated solution by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before mass spectrum characterization, and preparing dispersed and stacked gel by using 30% and 4% of acrylamide monomers as raw materials.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in step 5, the concentration of the DTT solution is 10mM, and the molar ratio of the DTT solution to the clusters is 1: 8.5.
10. Use of the oligopeptide-protected gold cluster assembly material prepared according to the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein:
and (3) taking the gold cluster assembly material protected by the oligopeptide as a detection reagent for detecting ferric ions.
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