CN114085085A - Bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114085085A
CN114085085A CN202111515808.XA CN202111515808A CN114085085A CN 114085085 A CN114085085 A CN 114085085A CN 202111515808 A CN202111515808 A CN 202111515808A CN 114085085 A CN114085085 A CN 114085085A
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cotton cloth
silicon
silicon carbide
carbide ceramic
cloth
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王凌伟
李响
朱志强
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Guangdong Shengtang New Materials Technology Co ltd
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    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62272Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62277Fibres based on carbides
    • C04B35/62281Fibres based on carbides based on silicon carbide
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    • C04B35/56Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
    • C04B35/573Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06CFINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D06C7/04Carbonising or oxidising
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Abstract

The invention discloses a bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: slowly heating cotton cloth serving as a template to a pyrolysis temperature in an inert atmosphere, and then pyrolyzing the cotton cloth at the pyrolysis temperature to form flexible carbon fiber cotton cloth; and slowly heating the silicon source reactant to be in a gaseous state under inert gas, and then carrying out carbon thermal reaction with the carbon fiber cotton cloth to generate the silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth. The method is simple, and the prepared silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth is high-temperature resistant, acid-base corrosion resistant, oxidation resistant, low in thermal conductivity, small in volume density, extremely high in porosity and good in flexibility and mechanical strength, is a novel method for preparing the ceramic cotton cloth, and solves the problems of complexity and high cost of the conventional preparation method of the flexible ceramic cotton cloth.

Description

Bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic materials, and particularly relates to a bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Silicon carbide is a ceramic material with high strength, high hardness, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient. The silicon carbide is prepared into a material with low volume density, high specific surface area, high permeability, network structure and flexibility, and the application range of the silicon carbide can be widely expanded, such as the fields of metal melting filters, catalyst carriers, atomizer filter elements, refractory insulation and heat insulation, solar receivers and the like.
At present, the preparation method of the silicon carbide ceramic cotton pad mainly comprises a precursor melt spinning method, a precursor electrostatic spinning method and a nanometer one-dimensional material assembling method. The precursor electrostatic spinning method comprises the steps of firstly preparing silicon carbide precursor Polycarbosilane (PCS) into PCS nano-fiber non-woven fabric by means of electrospinning, and then carrying out high-temperature ceramic treatment to obtain the silicon carbide nano-fiber non-woven fabric. The silicon carbide nanofiber non-woven fabric prepared by the method has high brittleness, and the preparation conditions are difficult to control. The precursor melt spinning method is that PCS is heated to proper viscosity, molded PCS fiber is extruded from a micron-sized spinning hole, and then preoxidized, cerammed at high temperature and woven into cloth to obtain the silicon carbide fiber cloth. The fiber prepared by the method has good toughness, high strength and high temperature corrosion resistance, is easy to weave into various special-shaped parts, but has extremely high price, and is mainly used in the fields of aviation, military and the like. The nanometer one-dimensional material assembling method is that the nanometer wire/whisker of silicon carbide is prepared by chemical vapor deposition or high-temperature gas-gas reaction, and then the nanometer wire/whisker is pressed or bonded into the nanometer pad of silicon carbide, the prepared nanometer pad has good flexibility, but poor strength and high preparation cost, chlorine gas generated during vapor deposition can corrode equipment, thus being not beneficial to large-scale production,
in order to expand the commercial use of silicon carbide ceramic cotton pads, it is urgently needed to develop a novel preparation method suitable for mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high brittleness, high price or poor strength of silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth in the prior art and provides novel silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth. A method for preparing ceramic cotton cloth by using a biomass carbon fiber pad as a template.
According to the invention, natural biomass fiber cloth with a net structure and excellent mechanical properties is used as a template, high-temperature pyrolysis is carried out to obtain micro-nano hole structure carbon fiber cotton cloth with ultrahigh porosity, the carbon fiber cotton cloth is used as a carbon source, and silicon source gas such as silicon monoxide is used as a silicon source to react at high temperature to generate silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth. The method of the invention easily obtains the silicon carbide ceramic cotton pad which inherits the good flexibility of the original fiber product, has the advantages of simplicity, low cost and environmental protection, and is suitable for the large-scale production of the silicon carbide ceramic cotton pad.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
the method for preparing the bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth comprises the following steps:
step S1, using cotton cloth as a template, slowly raising the temperature to a pyrolysis temperature in an inert atmosphere, and then pyrolyzing the cotton cloth to form flexible carbon fiber cotton cloth at the pyrolysis temperature; the obtained carbon fiber cotton cloth has a large specific surface area and a micro-nano hole structure; the carbon content of the obtained carbon fiber cotton cloth is more than 90%, and the specific surface area is more than 200m2/g;
And step S2, slowly heating the silicon source reactant to a gaseous state under inert gas, and then carrying out carbothermic reaction with the carbon fiber cotton cloth to generate silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in step S1, the cotton cloth is other biomass fiber products such as cotton non-woven fabric, cotton pad, bamboo charcoal fiber cloth, or linen.
The mass ratio of the carbon fiber cotton cloth to the silicon source reactant is 1: 50-100, and preferably 1: 60-80.
In step S2, the silicon source reactant is one or more of silicon monoxide, a mixture of silicon dioxide and silicon powder, a mixture of silicon dioxide and carbon powder, or a mixture of oxysilane and carbon powder.
In step S2, the silicon source reactant is one or more of silicon monoxide, a mixture of silicon dioxide and silicon powder in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2, preferably 1:1, a mixture of silicon dioxide and carbon powder in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2, preferably 1:1, or a mixture of oxysilane and carbon powder in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2, preferably 1: 1.
In step S1, the slow temperature rise rate is 1 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, preferably 4 ℃/min to 6 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min; the pyrolysis temperature is 400-800 ℃, preferably 600-800 ℃; the pyrolysis time is 2h to 4h, preferably 2 h.
In step S2, the heating rate is 1 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, preferably 4 ℃/min to 6 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min; the carbothermic reaction temperature is 1200-1600 ℃, and preferably 1400-1550 ℃; the carbothermic reaction temperature is that the carbothermic reaction time is 2h to 6h, preferably 4 h.
The inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon or helium.
The carbon content of the carbon fiber cotton cloth obtained in the step S1 is more than 90%, and the specific surface area is more than 200m2/g。
The invention also aims to provide the bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth which is prepared by the method.
The volume density of the bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth is 10mg/cm3~200mg/cm3The tensile strength is 0.005 MPa-1 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.02W/mK-0.1W/mK.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the biomass fiber cloth provides a carbon source. The silicon source reactant is a substance which is solid at normal temperature, can be changed into a gas state at high temperature and can react with the carbon source. The biomass fiber cloth has smaller volume density, excellent flexibility and good mechanical strength, and can be decomposed and converted into carbon cloth when being gradually heated in inert gas, so that small molecules are released from single fibers in the process, and micro-nano-scale pores are left in the fibers. The micro-nano-scale pores not only provide a channel for the silicon source reactant gas to enter the framework, but also provide rich reaction active sites for subsequent reactions, so that the carbon fiber cloth can be in full contact reaction with the silicon source reactant gas, and carbon is completely converted into silicon carbide without being influenced by the solid diffusion rule.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: the method is simple, and the prepared silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth is high-temperature resistant, acid-base corrosion resistant, oxidation resistant, low in thermal conductivity, small in volume density, extremely high in porosity and good in flexibility and mechanical strength, is a novel method for preparing the ceramic cotton cloth, and solves the problems of complexity and high cost of the conventional preparation method of the flexible ceramic cotton cloth.
The silicon carbide ceramic cotton pad obtained by the invention has small volume density, complete network structure, certain mechanical property, good flexibility, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and good heat insulation performance; compared with other methods, the preparation method is simpler and more environment-friendly, and can realize large-scale production of the super silicon carbide ceramic cotton pad.
Drawings
FIGS. 1a to 1c are diagrams of SiC ceramic cotton cloth obtained in example 1; can resist the injection of a butane spray gun in the air; can wrap a pen to show the flexibility of the ceramic cotton cloth.
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the SiC ceramic cotton cloth obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the mass loss of SiC ceramic cotton cloth obtained in example 1 after soaking in solutions of different pH values and different standard concentrated acids for 24 hours;
FIG. 4 is a thermogravimetric analysis curve of the SiC ceramic cotton cloth obtained in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a drawing curve of the SiC ceramic cotton cloth obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
And step S1, putting the cleaned and dried biomass fiber cotton cloth into a high-temperature furnace, putting the furnace into a corundum crucible, putting the crucible into a pyrolysis device, introducing inert gas according to the flow rate of 60ssm, heating to T1 ℃ at the heating rate of V1, preserving the heat for T1 hours, then naturally cooling to room temperature, washing the obtained carbon fiber cotton cloth with ethanol, removing adsorbed small organic molecules, drying at 60 ℃, and naturally cooling.
And step S2, placing the carbon fiber cotton cloth obtained in the step S1 in a corundum crucible, placing a silicon source reactant below or around the carbon fiber cotton cloth, and covering the crucible cover to prevent the reactant gas obtained by sublimation or evaporation from excessively escaping. Putting the corundum crucible and the cover into a high-temperature furnace, introducing inert gas with the flow rate of 60ssm, heating to T2 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of V2, preserving the heat for T2 hours, and naturally cooling to the room temperature to obtain the silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth. The respective parameter conditions are shown in table 1.
Figure BDA0003406835170000041
And (4) conclusion: the silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth prepared by the invention is characterized in that: the silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth obtained in example 1 is soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 24 hours, the mass loss is less than 5 percent, the mass is basically unchanged after the silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth is oxidized for 6 hours at 1400 ℃, and the volume density is 10mg/cm3~200mg/cm3Preferably 20mg/cm3~160mg/cm3The tensile strength is 0.005MPa to 1MPa, preferably 0.009MPa to 0.9MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.02W/mK to 0.1W/mK, preferably 0.028W/mK to 0.085W/mK.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, using cotton cloth as a template, slowly raising the temperature to a pyrolysis temperature in an inert atmosphere, and then pyrolyzing the cotton cloth to form flexible carbon fiber cotton cloth at the pyrolysis temperature;
and step S2, slowly heating the silicon source reactant to a gaseous state under inert gas, and then carrying out carbothermic reaction with the carbon fiber cotton cloth to generate silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the cotton cloth is a cotton non-woven fabric, a cotton pad, a bamboo charcoal fiber cloth, or a linen.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber cotton cloth to the silicon source reactant is 1:50 to 100, preferably 1:60 to 80.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the silicon source reactant is one or more of silicon monoxide, a mixture of silicon dioxide and silicon powder, a mixture of silicon dioxide and carbon powder, or a mixture of oxysilane and carbon powder.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in step S2, the silicon source reactant is one or more of silicon monoxide, a mixture of silicon dioxide and silicon powder in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2, preferably 1:1, a mixture of silicon dioxide and carbon powder in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2, preferably 1:1, or a mixture of oxysilane and carbon powder in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2, preferably 1: 1.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the slow temperature rise rate is 1 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, preferably 4 ℃/min to 6 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min; the pyrolysis temperature is 400-800 ℃, preferably 600-800 ℃; the pyrolysis time is 2h to 4h, preferably 2 h.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the heating rate is 1 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, preferably 4 ℃/min to 6 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min; the carbothermic reaction temperature is 1200-1600 ℃, and preferably 1400-1550 ℃; the carbothermic reaction temperature is that the carbothermic reaction time is 2h to 6h, preferably 4 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon or helium.
9. The bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth is characterized by being prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. The biobased silicon carbide ceramic cloth according to claim 9, wherein the bulk density of the biobased silicon carbide ceramic cloth is 10mg/cm3~200mg/cm3The tensile strength is 0.005 MPa-1 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.02W/mK-0.1W/mK.
CN202111515808.XA 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Bio-based silicon carbide ceramic cotton cloth and preparation method thereof Pending CN114085085A (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5720933A (en) * 1996-03-11 1998-02-24 Srinivasan; Makuteswara Process for preparing ceramic fibers
CN101386538A (en) * 2008-10-28 2009-03-18 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 Method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic
CN102491334A (en) * 2011-12-12 2012-06-13 西安工程大学 Method for preparing nano SiC fibers by using abandoned cotton linter through template
CN104876621A (en) * 2015-05-07 2015-09-02 陕西科技大学 C/SiC porous composite ceramic with bionic structure and preparation method of C/SiC porous composite ceramic
CN110066175A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-07-30 中南大学 The preparation method of ultralight carbide ceramics foam
CN111018533A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 南方科技大学 Porous silicon carbide-based composite ceramic material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112521153A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-19 南京航空航天大学 Biological form silicon carbide ceramic high-temperature photo-thermal storage material

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5720933A (en) * 1996-03-11 1998-02-24 Srinivasan; Makuteswara Process for preparing ceramic fibers
CN101386538A (en) * 2008-10-28 2009-03-18 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 Method for preparing silicon carbide ceramic
CN102491334A (en) * 2011-12-12 2012-06-13 西安工程大学 Method for preparing nano SiC fibers by using abandoned cotton linter through template
CN104876621A (en) * 2015-05-07 2015-09-02 陕西科技大学 C/SiC porous composite ceramic with bionic structure and preparation method of C/SiC porous composite ceramic
CN110066175A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-07-30 中南大学 The preparation method of ultralight carbide ceramics foam
CN111018533A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 南方科技大学 Porous silicon carbide-based composite ceramic material and preparation method and application thereof
CN112521153A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-19 南京航空航天大学 Biological form silicon carbide ceramic high-temperature photo-thermal storage material

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