CN114082434A - Modified carbonitride, preparation and application thereof, and method for degrading pesticide chlorpyrifos - Google Patents

Modified carbonitride, preparation and application thereof, and method for degrading pesticide chlorpyrifos Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114082434A
CN114082434A CN202111415338.XA CN202111415338A CN114082434A CN 114082434 A CN114082434 A CN 114082434A CN 202111415338 A CN202111415338 A CN 202111415338A CN 114082434 A CN114082434 A CN 114082434A
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chlorpyrifos
modified
carbonitride
degradation
modified carbonitride
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王富
黄晓宇
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/10Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
    • A62D3/17Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. emitted by a laser
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39Photocatalytic properties
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/04Pesticides, e.g. insecticides, herbicides, fungicides or nematocides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62DCHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20Organic substances
    • A62D2101/26Organic substances containing nitrogen or phosphorus

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Abstract

The invention relates to a modified carbon nitride, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for degrading a pesticide chlorpyrifos, wherein the preparation process of the modified carbon nitride specifically comprises the following steps: taking melamine, pyromellitic dianhydride and nitrate, grinding and mixing, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment to obtain a target product; in addition, by treating chlorpyrifos with Carbonitride (CN) under the illumination condition, a good degradation effect can be achieved. Compared with the prior art, the photocatalyst is simple and easy to prepare, has mild degradation conditions for the pesticide, can avoid secondary pollution, and has great application prospect and the like.

Description

Modified carbonitride, preparation and application thereof, and method for degrading pesticide chlorpyrifos
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticide degradation, and relates to a modified carbonitride, preparation and application thereof, and a method for degrading a pesticide chlorpyrifos.
Background
With the continuous enhancement of food safety consciousness of consumers, people gradually realize that the large-scale production and application of pesticides provide important guarantee for national food safety, but also bring serious threats to the ecological environment and human health, wherein the organophosphorus pesticides trichlorfon and chlorpyrifosThe pesticide is more used at present, and has larger pollution to the soil environment. Therefore, the research on the degradation effect of the pesticide is an important index for evaluating the residue of the pesticide in the environment, namely chlorpyrifos, also called chlorpyrifos, the chemical name of which is O, O-diethyl-O- (3,5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) thiophosphoric acid and the molecular formula of which is C9H11Cl3NO3PS, white crystals with a slight thiol smell. The chlorpyrifos has the effects of contact poisoning, stomach poisoning, fumigation and the like, can effectively control the pests such as aphids, stem borers, leaf rollers and the like on crops such as cotton, wheat, rice, corn and the like, but the residual chlorpyrifos on the surfaces of the crops has irreversible damage to human bodies while the pests are effectively controlled, and is very important for the effective degradation of the chlorpyrifos in future generations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modified carbonitride, a preparation method and an application thereof, and a method for degrading a pesticide chlorpyrifos.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention provides a preparation method of modified carbonitride, which comprises the steps of taking melamine, pyromellitic dianhydride and nitrate, grinding, mixing, and then carrying out high-temperature treatment to obtain a target product.
Further, the mass ratio of melamine to pyromellitic dianhydride is 1: 2.
Further, the process conditions of the high-temperature treatment are as follows: the heat preservation treatment is carried out for 2 to 6 hours at the temperature of 240 to 280 ℃, and the treatment is preferably carried out for 4 hours at the temperature of 260 ℃.
Further, in the high-temperature treatment process, the temperature rise rate is controlled to be 2-2.5 ℃/min, and preferably 2.3 ℃/min.
Further, the nitrate is one or a mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, preferably a mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate, and the specific mixing mass ratio can be 1: 1.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a modified carbonitride, which is prepared by adopting any one of the preparation methods.
The third technical scheme of the invention provides application of modified carbonitride, wherein the modified carbonitride is used for degrading the pesticide chlorpyrifos.
Further, when the modified carbonitride is used for degrading the insecticide chlorpyrifos, the modification is carried out under the irradiation of visible light. Preferably, the wavelength of visible light is 400-700 nm.
The fourth technical scheme of the invention provides a method for degrading the insecticide chlorpyrifos, which is implemented by putting the modified carbonitride into a solution containing chlorpyrifos, and carrying out photocatalytic degradation under the irradiation of visible light.
Furthermore, the initial concentration of the chlorpyrifos in the solution is preferably 6.5 mug/mL (the concentration is obtained by diluting the standard chlorpyrifos reagent by 1 mg/mL), and the degradation process can be carried out at room temperature; the wavelength of visible light is preferably 400-700 nm; the amount of the modified carbonitride added is preferably 20 to 40mg/30mL of the treatment solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the CN compound of the invention is a catalyst with simple preparation method, low price, good water solubility, mild degradation condition, capability of avoiding secondary pollution and great application prospect.
(2) Chlorpyrifos is a bipyridyl herbicide, is a pesticide which is used more at present and has larger pollution to the soil environment. Therefore, the research on the degradation effect of the pesticide is an important index for evaluating the residue of the pesticide in the environment, and a small amount of residue is left after the pesticide is used, so that the pesticide has certain pollution to the environment. The method utilizes Carbonitride (CN) to degrade chlorpyrifos within 60min, and has the advantages of 59.8 percent of degradation rate, mild reaction condition, good degradation rate and good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a modified carbonitride of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the detection of chlorpyrifos by photocatalytic degradation;
FIG. 3 is a graph of white light versus chlorpyrifos detection at different powers;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the rate of photocatalytic degradation of chlorpyrifos by CN at different concentrations.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the following examples, the instruments, reagents and sample sources used are specifically as follows:
the instrument comprises the following steps: CD-300-250W; an S10-3 type constant temperature magnetic stirrer; a 100 μ L pipette; UV-2450 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, muffle furnace.
Sample preparation: potassium nitrate (AR, national reagent limited); sodium nitrate (A.R, national reagents ltd); melamine (A.R, mcelin); pyromellitic dianhydride (A.R, Meclin).
Otherwise, unless otherwise specified, all the materials or processing techniques are conventional commercial products or conventional processing techniques in the art.
Example 1:
1) preparation of chlorpyrifos solution
0.2mL of chlorpyrifos standard reagent (1000. mu.g/mL) is dissolved in 30mL of deionized water to prepare a concentration of 6.5 ug/mL. Magnetically stirring for 30min without light.
2) Preparation of photodegradation catalyst
Synthesizing CN powder by using a molten salt low-temperature copolymerization method, which comprises the following steps: melamine and pyromellitic dianhydride were placed in a nitrate system (specifically, melamine: pyromellitic anhydride 1:2, 0.2g and 0.4g were added, respectively, potassium nitrate: sodium nitrate 1:1, 0.5g and 0.5g were added, respectively) in a mortar for 30min, mixed uniformly, and then placed in a muffle furnace at 260 ℃ for 4 hours with a heating rate of 2.3 ℃/min.
3) Preparation of mixed solution of chlorpyrifos and catalyst
The prepared CN powder (20 mg and 30mg respectively) is weighed and dissolved in the previously prepared 30mL of chlorpyrifos solution, then the solution is stirred for half an hour in the dark, and the solution is transferred into a light source for photocatalytic degradation.
4) UV-visible spectrophotometer detection
And (3) placing 2mL of the mixed solution in a cuvette, and detecting within the range of 200-600 nm, wherein the chlorpyrifos detection wavelength is 294 nm.
5) Detection data processing
The degree of absorption is converted into a degradation rate, and the calculation formula of the degradation rate is as follows: chlorpyrifos degradation rate (%) -100 × (initial concentration-residual concentration)/initial concentration. Therefore, an ultraviolet-visible absorption graph and a rate graph of the photocatalytic degradation of the chlorpyrifos are drawn.
The XRD pattern of the material in FIG. 1 shows that the synthesized CNNPs correspond to the main peak (23.5 degrees) of standard card NCCN PDF #72-497, which further demonstrates the successful synthesis of CN NPs as shown in FIG. 1. (it can be seen from the figure that there are also clear peaks of impurities that appear, which may be due to partial molten salts).
As can be clearly seen from the ultraviolet characteristic absorption peaks in FIGS. 2a-b, the 294nm characteristic absorption peak of chlorpyrifos has an obvious downward trend in the 60min degradation process in the presence of light and a catalyst, which indicates that the CN NPs have obvious photodegradation effect
From FIG. 3, it is clear that the power at 100W/cm is2The degradation influence on the chlorpyrifos under the internal illumination can be ignored, so that the light power used in the photodegradation process is 100W/cm2
It can be seen from FIG. 4 that CN NPs with different concentrations have obvious photodegradation within 45min under the action of light.
In general, under the condition of visible light irradiation, the carbonitride has a good degradation rate to chlorpyrifos, and the optimal degradation conditions are as follows: the temperature is room temperature, the illumination is added, the concentration of the chlorpyrifos is 6.5 mu g/mL, the irradiation is carried out for 60min under the reaction condition, the degradation rate of the chlorpyrifos is 59.8 percent, the reaction operation is simple and convenient, and the degradation of the chlorpyrifos can be promoted at a high level.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of modified carbonitride is characterized in that melamine, pyromellitic dianhydride and nitrate are taken, ground and mixed, and then treated at high temperature to obtain a target product.
2. The method for preparing modified carbonitride according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of melamine to pyromellitic dianhydride is 1: 2.
3. the method for preparing modified carbonitride according to claim 1 characterized in that the process conditions of the high temperature treatment are as follows: and carrying out heat preservation treatment at 240-280 ℃ for 2-6 h.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 2-2.5 ℃/min during the high temperature treatment.
5. The method for preparing modified carbonitride according to claim 1 wherein the nitrate is one or a mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
6. A modified carbonitride produced by the production method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Use of a modified carbonitride according to claim 6 for the degradation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos.
8. The use of modified carbonitrides according to claim 7, wherein the modified carbonitrides, when used for the degradation of the insecticide chlorpyrifos, are carried out under visible light irradiation at a wavelength of 400-700 nm.
9. A method for degrading the insecticide chlorpyrifos, which is characterized in that the modified carbonitride is put into the solution containing the chlorpyrifos according to the claim 6, and the photocatalytic degradation is carried out under the irradiation of visible light, thus completing the method.
10. The method for degrading chlorpyrifos as an insecticide of claim 9, wherein the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in the solution is 6.5 μ g/mL, the degradation process is performed at room temperature, the wavelength of visible light is 400-700nm, and the addition amount of modified carbonitride is 20-40mg/30mL of solution respectively.
CN202111415338.XA 2021-11-25 2021-11-25 Modified carbonitride, preparation and application thereof, and method for degrading pesticide chlorpyrifos Pending CN114082434A (en)

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CN115155654A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-10-11 湖南农业大学 Carbon nitride composite photocatalyst, preparation method thereof and treatment method of herbicide wastewater

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115155654A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-10-11 湖南农业大学 Carbon nitride composite photocatalyst, preparation method thereof and treatment method of herbicide wastewater
CN115155654B (en) * 2022-06-16 2024-03-22 湖南农业大学 Carbon nitride composite photocatalyst, preparation method thereof and herbicide wastewater treatment method

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Application publication date: 20220225