CN114079482A - On-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device - Google Patents
On-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114079482A CN114079482A CN202010830173.1A CN202010830173A CN114079482A CN 114079482 A CN114079482 A CN 114079482A CN 202010830173 A CN202010830173 A CN 202010830173A CN 114079482 A CN114079482 A CN 114079482A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/02—Details
- H04B3/28—Reducing interference caused by currents induced in cable sheathing or armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/02—Details
- H04B3/30—Reducing interference caused by unbalance current in a normally balanced line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0602—Systems characterised by the synchronising information used
- H04J3/0617—Systems characterised by the synchronising information used the synchronising signal being characterised by the frequency or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
- H04J3/0644—External master-clock
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
Abstract
The invention provides an on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device comprising a time synchronization module, a high-speed synchronous acquisition module and a data transmission module aiming at the requirement of traveling wave distance measurement of a power transmission line. The invention can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of traveling wave signal acquisition and transmission, can improve the precision and reliability of traveling wave distance measurement of the AC/DC transmission line, and can be used in the professional fields of transient quantity protection, traveling wave protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device, and belongs to the field of relay protection of power transmission lines.
Background
The traveling wave fault location of the power transmission line has important significance for accurately and quickly determining the position of a fault point, shortening the power failure time and improving the operation stability of a power system. The travelling wave distance measuring device of the alternating current transmission line generally obtains a current travelling wave signal through the secondary side of the current transformer CT, and the travelling wave signal is transmitted to the travelling wave distance measuring device from the CT through a cable, and the method has a plurality of problems, including: (1) the problems of traveling wave signal attenuation and dispersion caused by long-distance transmission of a primary line and a secondary cable; (2) the problem of the reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio of the traveling wave signal caused by strong electromagnetic interference around the secondary signal in the long-distance transmission process; (3) the problem of additional travelling wave refraction and reflection caused by the discontinuity of the wave impedance of the secondary transmission cable. The above problems also exist with traveling wave ranging of dc transmission lines, and the problems are more serious because: (1) the length of the direct current transmission line can reach more than 2000km, and the length of the line is usually far longer than that of an alternating current line, so that the problems of attenuation and dispersion of a traveling wave signal are more serious, and the amplitude of the traveling wave signal is smaller; (2) the mode of acquiring the traveling wave by the direct current transmission line is that a small current transformer is connected in series at a capacitor entrance point, and a signal output by the secondary side of the small current transformer is smaller and is more easily subjected to peripheral strong electromagnetic interference; (3) the distance from the installation point of the direct current field sensor to the traveling wave distance measuring device in the master control room is longer, and the traveling wave attenuation and refraction and reflection problems on the secondary cable are more prominent.
To solve the above problem, a feasible way is to implement local sampling and digital transmission of the traveling wave signal. After the on-site acquisition and digital transmission, the problems of attenuation dispersion, travelling wave refraction and reflection and electromagnetic interference caused by secondary cable transmission are avoided, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the travelling wave signal is improved. At present, the local synchronous acquisition and digital transmission of power frequency signals have more engineering applications, but the high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission of traveling wave signals are still immature, and the difficulty lies in how to realize high-speed accurate frequency and accurate phase data acquisition and continuous transmission of large-flow data.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the requirements of the traveling wave distance measurement of the power transmission line, particularly the direct current power transmission line, the problems of attenuation dispersion, traveling wave refraction and reflection and electromagnetic interference caused by the transmission of a secondary side signal of a current transformer through a cable are solved, the signal to noise ratio of traveling wave signal acquisition and transmission is improved, and the on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
an on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device comprises a time synchronization module, a high-speed synchronous acquisition module and a data transmission module; wherein:
the time synchronization module is used for receiving an external time synchronization signal, forming an internal Pulse Per Second (PPS) as a time reference, and outputting the PPS to the high-speed synchronous acquisition module and the data transmission module;
the high-speed synchronous acquisition module receives an analog quantity sampling signal transmitted by the signal sensor, a pulse per second signal PPS output by the time synchronization module and time deviation relative to the PPS during sampling, performs frequency adjustment and phase adjustment on the sampling signal, realizes high-speed synchronous A/D acquisition synchronous with GPS time, and marks a synchronous time scale for data;
and the data sending module is used for receiving the pulse per second signal PPS output by the time synchronization module and the traveling wave acquisition data output by the high-speed synchronous acquisition module and sending the synchronous sampling data in frames.
In a preferred scheme, a hardware circuit of the device comprises a high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D, a field programmable gate array FPGA, a digital signal processing chip DSP and a network interface chip; the high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D receives an external analog signal and performs data interaction with a field programmable gate array FPGA; data interaction is carried out between the DSP and the FPGA; the FPGA receives an external time synchronization signal, performs signal interaction with the high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D and the digital signal processing chip DSP, and outputs a signal to the network interface chip; the network interface chip receives and outputs signals of the FPGA; the time synchronization module is realized based on FPGA hardware; the high-speed synchronous acquisition module is realized based on FPGA, A/D and DSP hardware, and the data transmission module is realized based on FPGA hardware and an Ethernet interface chip.
In a preferred scheme, the device further comprises a human-machine interface module HMI which is communicated with debugging software based on an Ethernet interface chip and used for setting the traveling wave sampling rate and displaying version information, the current state and log records of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device.
In a preferred embodiment, the device is mounted locally in the vicinity of the signal sensor.
In a preferred scheme, the time synchronization module decodes external IRIG-B or PPS time synchronization signals into internal pulse per second PPS, a hundred-million counter is used for counting time intervals among the PPS in real time, and M latest PPS time intervals are taken to calculate an average PPS interval, that is:
wherein M is>1，dT1、dT2、…、dTMFor the M most recent PPS time intervals; the time synchronization module is based on average PPS interval
And outputting the stable internal PPS as an internal time reference, and recording the time deviation of the sampling time relative to the internal PPS by using a hundred-megabyte counter to realize the accurate calibration of the sampling time as the basis for adjusting the sampling time.
In a preferred scheme, the high-speed synchronous acquisition module comprises a sampling frequency adjustment submodule and an acquisition phase adjustment submodule; the sampling frequency adjusting submodule adjusts the average interval of the PPS according to real-time calculation
Calculating an average sampling interval with a set sampling rate N, wherein the adjustment step is the timing step of a hundred-megabyte counter, namely 1 tick; the average sampling interval is:
wherein a tic is an integer sampling interval,
is the fractional sampling interval that needs to be adjusted;
during the time period
In the method, (N-b) sampling points are sampled at a-tick intervals, b sampling points are increased or decreased by 1 tick on the basis of the a-tick, and N times of sampling within 1 second is realized on the basis of the method;
b sampling points are evenly distributed among the total N sampling points, namely the interval between the adjusted sampling points is (N/b) sampling points, and the uniform sampling interval is realized based on the method;
the acquisition phase adjustment sub-module calculates the current sampling phase deviation according to the deviation delta t between the time scale of the 1 st sampling point near the PPS and the time scale of the PPS; if Δ t is c tic, the sampling interval of the 1 st point is continuously increased or decreased by 1 tick within c seconds, the interval of the last sampling point is correspondingly adjusted, and 1 tick is decreased or increased, so that the synchronization of the sampling phase and the GPS time is realized based on the method; after sampling synchronization, the delta t is continuously monitored, and the adjustment of 1 tick at most is carried out on the first sampling point and the last sampling point, so that the synchronous sampling state is maintained based on the method.
In a preferred scheme, the data sending module sends data based on a hundred mega or gigabit ethernet, equally divides N sampling point data to be sent every second into X frames to be sent, and sends Y sampling points every frame, where N is X Y; the range of the number X of frames per second is 1 k-100 k, the range of the number Y of sampling points per frame is 10-1 k, and each frame of message contains the time scale of the first sampling point of the segment of data.
In a preferred embodiment, the data sending module includes: a sample counter maintenance submodule and a data framing sending submodule; the sample counter maintenance submodule is used for automatically turning over the sampling counter smpcnt from 1 to 1 after the sampling counter smpcnt is added to N; and the data framing sending submodule starts to take Y points from smpcnt to 1 to form 1 frame for sending, and sends X frames every second.
In a preferred scheme, the ethernet interface chip selects a hundred mega or giga ethernet chip according to the actual data traffic.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and high-bandwidth continuous transmission of the traveling wave signal can be realized, the problems of attenuation dispersion, traveling wave refraction and reflection and electromagnetic interference caused by the transmission of the secondary side signal of the current transformer through the cable can be solved, the signal-to-noise ratio of the acquisition and transmission of the traveling wave signal can be improved, and the accuracy and the reliability of the traveling wave distance measurement of the alternating-current and direct-current transmission line can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a hardware module structure diagram of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a software module structure diagram of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the work of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is another software module structure diagram of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the present invention, which includes a time synchronization module, a high-speed synchronous acquisition module, and a data transmission module. Wherein:
and the time synchronization module is used for receiving an external time synchronization signal, forming an internal Pulse Per Second (PPS) as a time reference, and outputting the PPS to the high-speed synchronous acquisition module and the data transmission module.
And the high-speed synchronous acquisition module is used for receiving the analog quantity sampling signal transmitted by the signal sensor, the PPS (pulse per second) output by the time synchronization module and the time deviation relative to the PPS during sampling, carrying out frequency adjustment and phase adjustment on the sampling signal, realizing high-speed synchronous A/D (analog to digital) acquisition synchronous with the GPS time, and marking a synchronous time mark for data.
And the data sending module is used for receiving the pulse per second signal PPS output by the time synchronization module and the traveling wave acquisition data output by the high-speed synchronous acquisition module and sending the synchronous sampling data in a framing manner.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hardware module of an on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the present invention. The hardware circuit of the device comprises a high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D, a field programmable gate array FPGA, a digital signal processing chip DSP and a network interface chip; the high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D receives an external analog signal and performs data interaction with a field programmable gate array FPGA; data interaction is carried out between the DSP and the FPGA; the FPGA receives an external time synchronization signal, performs signal interaction with the high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D and the digital signal processing chip DSP, and outputs a signal to the network interface chip; the network interface chip receives and outputs signals of the FPGA; the time synchronization module is realized based on FPGA hardware; the high-speed synchronous acquisition module is realized based on FPGA, A/D and DSP hardware, and the data transmission module is realized based on FPGA hardware and an Ethernet interface chip.
The local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device is locally installed near a signal sensor, and nanosecond precision synchronous acquisition of high-speed traveling waves and gigabit network transmission with time scales are completed through the cooperation of the hardware and the software module.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of another software module of the on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to the present invention, which further includes a human-machine interface module HMI on the basis of the embodiment of fig. 2. The human-machine interface module HMI is communicated with debugging software based on an Ethernet interface chip and is used for setting the sampling rate of the traveling wave and displaying the version information, the current state and the log record of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device.
Each constituent module is specifically described below with reference to fig. 3.
(1) Working method of time synchronization module
The time synchronization module is realized based on FPGA hardware and is used for receiving an external time synchronization signal and forming an internal Pulse Per Second (PPS) as a time reference, and the working method comprises the following steps:
as shown in sub-flow 1 of fig. 3, the time synchronization module decodes external IRIG-B or PPS time synchronization signals into internal PPS, and counts the time interval between PPS in real time by using a hundred mega counterTaking M latest PPS time intervals to calculate an average PPS interval, namely:
wherein M is>1，dT1、dT2、…、dTMFor the M most recent PPS time intervals; the time synchronization module is based on average PPS interval
And outputting the stable internal PPS as an internal time reference, and recording the time deviation of the sampling time relative to the internal PPS by using a hundred-megabyte counter to realize the accurate calibration of the sampling time as the basis for adjusting the sampling time. The operating frequency of the hundred-megabyte counter can take a value of 100MHz or more, and the time resolution can reach 10 ns.
(2) Working method of high-speed synchronous acquisition module
The high-speed synchronous acquisition module comprises a sampling frequency adjustment submodule and an acquisition phase adjustment submodule, is realized on the basis of FPGA and A/D, DSP hardware, is used for realizing high-speed synchronous A/D acquisition synchronous with GPS time, and marks synchronous time marks for data, and has the working method as follows:
as shown in sub-flow 2 of FIG. 3, the sampling frequency adjustment sub-module adjusts the average interval based on the real-time calculated PPS
Calculating an average sampling interval by using a sampling rate N set by the HMI, wherein the adjustment step length is the timing step length of a hundred-million counter, namely 1 tick; the average sampling interval is:
wherein a tic is an integer sampling interval,
is the fractional sampling interval that needs to be adjusted;
during the time period
In the method, (N-b) sampling points are sampled at a-tick intervals, b sampling points are increased or decreased by 1 tick on the basis of the a-tick, and N times of sampling within 1 second is realized on the basis of the method;
b sampling points are evenly distributed among the total N sampling points, namely the interval between the adjusted sampling points is (N/b) sampling points, and the uniform sampling interval is realized based on the method;
as shown in the sub-flow 3 of fig. 3, the acquisition phase adjustment sub-module calculates a current sampling phase deviation according to a deviation Δ t between a time scale of a 1 st sampling point near the PPS and a time scale of the PPS; if Δ t is c tic, the sampling interval of the 1 st point is continuously increased or decreased by 1 tick within c seconds, the interval of the last sampling point is correspondingly adjusted, and 1 tick is decreased or increased, so that the synchronization of the sampling phase and the GPS time is realized based on the method; after sampling synchronization, the delta t is continuously monitored, and the adjustment of 1 tick at most is carried out on the first sampling point and the last sampling point, so that the synchronous sampling state is maintained based on the method.
(3) Working method of data sending module
The data sending module is realized based on FPGA hardware, realizes the framing sending of synchronous sampling data, and the working method is as follows:
the data sending module equally divides N sampling point data to be sent every second into X frames to be sent based on hundred-million or gigabit Ethernet sending data, and Y sampling points are sent every frame, wherein N is X Y; the range of the number X of frames per second is 1 k-100 k, the range of the number Y of sampling points per frame is 10-1 k, and each frame of message contains the time scale of the first sampling point of the segment of data.
The data sending module comprises: a sample counter maintenance submodule and a data framing sending submodule.
And the sample counter maintenance sub-module is used for automatically turning over the sampling counter smpcnt to 1 after accumulating the sampling counter smpcnt from 1 to N.
And the data framing sending submodule starts to take Y points from smpcnt to 1 to form 1 frame for sending, and sends X frames every second.
As shown in the sub-flow 4 of fig. 3, the data after sampling synchronization all takes a sampling technologist smpcnt as a time scale, and the value range of smpcnt is 1-N. And after the sampling counter smpcnt is added to N, the sampling counter is automatically turned to 1.
High-speed synchronous acquisition data is sent based on Ethernet, and a hundred-mega or giga Ethernet chip is used according to the actual data flow; the data frame is a link layer multicast message, and each frame of message contains smpcnt corresponding to the initial sampling point of the segment of data.
The on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device can be used in the field of traveling wave distance measurement of the AC/DC transmission line, and can also be used in the professional fields of transient protection, traveling wave protection and the like
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed synchronous collection transmission device on spot which characterized in that: the system comprises a time synchronization module, a high-speed synchronous acquisition module and a data transmission module; wherein:
the time synchronization module is used for receiving an external time synchronization signal, forming an internal Pulse Per Second (PPS) as a time reference, and outputting the PPS to the high-speed synchronous acquisition module and the data transmission module;
the high-speed synchronous acquisition module receives an analog quantity sampling signal transmitted by the signal sensor, a pulse per second signal PPS output by the time synchronization module and time deviation relative to the PPS during sampling, performs frequency adjustment and phase adjustment on the sampling signal, realizes high-speed synchronous A/D acquisition synchronous with GPS time, and marks a synchronous time scale for data;
and the data sending module is used for receiving the pulse per second signal PPS output by the time synchronization module and the traveling wave acquisition data output by the high-speed synchronous acquisition module and sending the synchronous sampling data in frames.
2. The local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: the hardware circuit of the device comprises a high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D, a field programmable gate array FPGA, a digital signal processing chip DSP and a network interface chip; the high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D receives an external analog signal and performs data interaction with a field programmable gate array FPGA; data interaction is carried out between the DSP and the FPGA; the FPGA receives an external time synchronization signal, performs signal interaction with the high-speed digital-to-analog conversion chip A/D and the digital signal processing chip DSP, and outputs a signal to the network interface chip; the network interface chip receives and outputs signals of the FPGA;
the time synchronization module is realized based on FPGA hardware; the high-speed synchronous acquisition module is realized based on FPGA, A/D and DSP hardware, and the data transmission module is realized based on FPGA hardware and an Ethernet interface chip.
3. The local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a human-machine interface module HMI which is communicated with debugging software based on an Ethernet interface chip and is used for setting the traveling wave sampling rate and displaying the version information, the current state and the log record of the local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device.
4. The local high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device according to claim 1, wherein: the device is mounted locally in the vicinity of the signal sensor.
5. The on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device of claim 1, wherein:
the time synchronization module decodes external IRIG-B or PPS time synchronization signals into internal pulse per second PPS, a hundred-million counter is used for counting time intervals among the PPS in real time, M latest PPS time intervals are taken to calculate an average PPS interval, namely:
wherein M is>1，dT1、dT2、…、dTMFor the M most recent PPS time intervals; the time synchronization module is based on average PPS interval
And outputting the stable internal PPS as an internal time reference, and recording the time deviation of the sampling time relative to the internal PPS by using a hundred-megabyte counter to realize the accurate calibration of the sampling time as the basis for adjusting the sampling time.
6. An in-situ high speed synchronous acquisition and transmission unit as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
the high-speed synchronous acquisition module comprises a sampling frequency adjustment submodule and an acquisition phase adjustment submodule;
the sampling frequency adjusting submodule adjusts the average interval of the PPS according to real-time calculation
Calculating an average sampling interval with a set sampling rate N, wherein the adjustment step is the timing step of a hundred-megabyte counter, namely 1 tick; the average sampling interval is:
wherein a tic is an integer sampling interval,
is the fractional sampling interval that needs to be adjusted;
during the time period
In the method, (N-b) sampling points are sampled at a-tick intervals, b sampling points are increased or decreased by 1 tick on the basis of the a-tick, and N times of sampling within 1 second is realized on the basis of the method;
b sampling points are evenly distributed among the total N sampling points, namely the interval between the adjusted sampling points is (N/b) sampling points, and the uniform sampling interval is realized based on the method;
the acquisition phase adjustment sub-module calculates the current sampling phase deviation according to the deviation delta t between the time scale of the 1 st sampling point near the PPS and the time scale of the PPS; if Δ t is c tic, the sampling interval of the 1 st point is continuously increased or decreased by 1 tick within c seconds, the interval of the last sampling point is correspondingly adjusted, and 1 tick is decreased or increased, so that the synchronization of the sampling phase and the GPS time is realized based on the method; after sampling synchronization, the delta t is continuously monitored, and the adjustment of 1 tick at most is carried out on the first sampling point and the last sampling point, so that the synchronous sampling state is maintained based on the method.
7. The on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device of claim 1, wherein:
the data sending module is used for sending data based on a hundred-million or gigabit Ethernet, equally dividing N sampling point data to be sent every second into X frames for sending, and sending Y sampling points every frame, wherein N is X; the range of the number X of frames per second is 1 k-100 k, the range of the number Y of sampling points per frame is 10-1 k, and each frame of message contains the time scale of the first sampling point of the segment of data.
8. The on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device of claim 7, wherein: the data sending module comprises; a sample counter maintenance submodule and a data framing sending submodule;
the sample counter maintenance submodule is used for automatically turning over the sampling counter smpcnt from 1 to 1 after the sampling counter smpcnt is added to N;
and the data framing sending submodule starts to take Y points from smpcnt to 1 to form 1 frame for sending, and sends X frames every second.
9. The on-site high-speed synchronous acquisition and transmission device of claim 2, wherein: the Ethernet interface chip selects a hundred megaly or a gigabit Ethernet chip according to the actual data traffic.
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