CN1140787A

CN1140787A - Smokeproof staircase for business hall of high-rise department stores

Info

Publication number: CN1140787A
Application number: CN 95110551
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张晓勋; 张元祥
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-07-20
Filing date: 1995-07-20
Publication date: 1997-01-22

Abstract

The smokeproof staircase consists of staircase, front room, fireproof door and smoke exhaust port and it features that it has an exit on one wall with fireproof rolling curtain over it. Normally, the exit is open for customers and staffs to come in and go out, and in case of fire, the fireproof rolling curtain is open to isolate fire and smoke while the personnel pass the staircase via the fireproof door. In this way, the smokeproof staircase can pass personnel while isolating fire and smoke.

Description

Business hall, high-rise department stores smoke

The present invention relates to business hall, high-rise department stores smoke, belong to a kind of of building smoke.

The existing used smoke of highrise building mainly contains following several: one, free-standing smoke, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.Smoke shown in Figure 1 is positioned at highrise building middle part, satisfies easily that any point should not be above the requirement of 20m to the air line distance of nearest emergency exit in " high-rise civil building fire prevention design specifications " Room, employing more.But because of no natural draught system mouth, so establish air-supply vertical shaft and blow valve in the staircase both sides.Smoke shown in Figure 2 has the natural draught system mouth, but needs outer wall paper to put, and the air line distance that is difficult to reach the extremely nearest emergency exit in any point in the above-mentioned Room should not surpass the requirement of 20m, so employing is less.But above two kinds of smokes are because of no fire lift (Cargo Lift), and at highrise building, that adopts in the particularly high-rise department stores is less.Adopting more is Fig. 3, smoke shown in Figure 4.Stair and fire lift (Cargo Lift) are arranged in this smoke, and both share cup.Above-mentioned four kinds of smokes are fit to general high-rise Stall building, as the hotel, and office premises, office building.Reason is, the individual layer area of these highrise building typical floors is little, and personnel's flow is relatively also less.But it is unfavorable being applied in business hall, high-rise department stores.Because regulation in " high-rise civil building fire prevention design specifications ", the labeled door that is located on cup (share cup), the staircase is a single direction spring door, no matter at ordinary times, or during breaking out of fire, this two roads second class labeled door is in closed condition, the following problem of so easy generation.

1, because the amount of flow of floor space, personnel and the commodity of large-scale high-rise department stores is all very big.If the above business hall of turnover second floor just must be by smoke and cup (share cup), this must make the open frequency of labeled door very high, very easily damage the annexes such as spring on the labeled door, cause labeled door not reach normally closed requirement, in case breaking out of fire, the serious consequence that not Smoke prevention of smoke prevention staircase can occur causes a large amount of personnel deaths.

2, owing to the smoke (access) at each layer all is provided with the normally closed labeled door in two roads, it is extremely inconvenient to cause client to pass in and out the business hall, has a strong impact on the volume of the flow of passengers, reduces operating income, is unfavorable for the market operator.In a single day for forming this present class smoke, the market operator guarantee The coast is clear of can trying every possible means, even the way of taking wilful damage or removing labeled door, to make things convenient for more customers, increase operating income, make labeled door not have due effect, in case breaking out of fire, this facility loses back-fire relief every the cigarette effect, must cause great casualties and economic loss.

The labeled door that also has a kind of calutron control at present, as shown in Figure 5.Its operating principle is, labeled door is opened at ordinary times, is attached on the wall by being contained in calutron in the body of wall door-inhale of will preventing fires, and unblocks a road.When breaking out of fire, switch on or off power supply by Fire Services Communication Centre, calutron is decontroled labeled door, thereby plays back-fire relief every the cigarette effect.Smoke with this labeled door only is applicable to general highrise building, and is not suitable for high-rise department stores.Because the individual layer area of business hall, high-rise department stores is all bigger, generally surplus square metre of 1500-20000.With 1500m ²Be example, the width that exports according to national shop standard computationally secure is 12.75m, individual layer 1500m ²The best staircase design number of building should be two smokes, the width of each smoke Smoke prevention door opening must not be less than 6.3m.It is the fire-proof wooden door of 3.15m that so wide door opening will be installed single fan width, and its weight is kilogram surplus 100 greatly, if adopt calutron that door-inhale is pasted on the wall, says technically, is difficult to reach, and easily causes the labeled door distortion, is not easy to close voluntarily.Therefore, during breaking out of fire, can not play back-fire relief every the cigarette effect.In addition, because the door opening broad, the designer generally is divided into labeled door several fans when design, design and construct by the mode of Fig. 1-Fig. 4.Known that by Fig. 1-Fig. 4 the labeled door that is positioned at both sides can be inhaled subsides on the wall, and two middle fan Men Ze breathe nowhere, therefore, this labeled door is unsuitable for the smoke of business hall, market.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of smoke that is suitable for business hall, high-rise department stores, it can satisfy the big requirement of customer flow, can reach the purpose of back-fire relief every cigarette again.

The objective of the invention is to reach by the following technical programs.This smoke comprises staircase 1, cup 2, second class labeled door 3, smoke vent opening 4.Its special character is, establishes import and export on a face wall of staircase 1, the top of the import and export fiery roller shutter 6 of setting up defences.

A kind of embodiment preferably of the present invention is that the water valve sill 5 of setting up defences on the ground of importing and exporting are established the automatic water jetting shower nozzle 7 that joins with the automatic sprinkler system feed pipe on the ceiling of business hall, fire curtain 6 outside.The propagation of flame that can make the business hall like this is near fire curtain the time, and the automatic water jetting shower nozzle can break and automatic water jetting under the effect of heat, prevents the fire curtain distortion, makes fire curtain play due effect, and can prevent that water from flowing into smoke.

The present invention another preferably embodiment be to establish the fire lift 11 that communicates with it at the rear portion of cup 2.This fire lift next-door neighbour staircase 2 under non-fire condition, can letter be made Cargo Lift usefulness.This compact to design reasonable, a ladder is dual-purpose.

The present invention another preferably embodiment be, when smoke vent opening 4 was non-natural draught system mouth, smoke vent opening was located at the ceiling place of cup 2 inlets, smoke vent opening is connected with smoke exhaust pipe 10, smoke exhaust pipe passes through exhaust smoke valve 9 and is connected with smoke shaft 8, the top of smoke shaft is air-introduced machine.Establish blowing shaft 12 in staircase 1 one sides, the ventilator that communicates with it is established in blowing shaft 12 bottoms.Wind in the blowing shaft 12 enters smoke by the blow valve 13 on staircase 2 walls.The suitable smoke of this scheme is positioned at the situation at middle part, business hall.

If the outer wall paper of smoke is put, then respectively establish a natural draught system mouth at staircase 1, cup 2.Described fire curtain 6 is preferably compound fire-retardant rolling curtain, can operate by on-site manual, also can control lifting by Fire Services Communication Centre, or lands by the smoke alarm control fire curtain that is provided with near the fire curtain place in the business hall.Secondly the space at cup rear portion then can be designed to washroom or warehouse if do not establish fire lift, and washroom or warehouse do not communicate with cup, and it is practical to open the door from sidewall.

Because the present invention has adopted above-mentioned technical solution, make it compared with prior art, under the normal condition of no fire, fire curtain is rolled, client and worker directly pass in and out the business hall in smoke, rather than the labeled door of closing by twice, thereby made things convenient for flow of personnel, help the sale of commodity.When breaking out of fire, can fire curtain be fallen at Fire Services Communication Centre, or artificial execute-in-place, or adopt smoke alarm that fire curtain is fallen, personnel can pass through the normally closed labeled door in two roads, enter cup (share cup) by the business hall, enter smoke by cup again and arrive the safety area.Because fire curtain is in opening-wide state at ordinary times, frequency of utilization is very little, only checks once in every month according to the rules, and is therefore, not fragile.Client and worker be not at ordinary times by the fire-fighting cup, so labeled door and unidirectional spring are not fragile yet, in case breaking out of fire, personnel from here by after still be in closed condition, can not threaten people's life.In a kind of scheme preferably because the automatic water jetting shower nozzle is when propagation of flame is near fire curtain, because of the effect of heat, can be broken automatically and spray water, advantageously protected fire curtain, make fire curtain bring into play due back-fire relief, every the cigarette effect.

Accompanying drawing and drawing explanation:

Five kinds of structural representations of Fig. 1-Fig. 5-existing highrise building smoke;

The structural representation of a kind of smoke of Fig. 6-the present invention;

The structural representation of the another kind of smoke of Fig. 7-the present invention;

The A-A sectional view of Fig. 8-Fig. 7 (situation when fire curtain puts down);

The structural representation of Fig. 9-the third smoke;

A kind of schematic diagram of Figure 10-fire curtain of the present invention;

Figure 11-the present invention controls the another kind of schematic diagram of fire curtain.

Wherein: staircase 1, cup 2, second class labeled door 3, smoke vent opening 4, waterproof threshold 5, fire curtain 6, automatic water jetting shower nozzle 7, smoke shaft 8, exhaust smoke valve 9, smoke exhaust pipe 10, fire lift 11, air-supply vertical shaft 12, blow valve 13, Evacuation Indicatory Sign 14, Fire Services Communication Centre 15, smoke alarm 16.

Provide embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be used for further specifying the present invention.With reference to figure 6, Figure 10.This is the smoke of an outer wall design.On a face wall of staircase 1 cup 2, respectively establish a natural draught system mouth 4.The labeled door of cup 2, the labeled door between cup 2 and the staircase 1 are 4 fan second class labeled doors.Cup 2 fireproof door frame places establish Evacuation Indicatory Sign, use " outlet " two words to indicate here.Staircase has been established import and export facing to a face wall of stair mouth, imports and exports the top in the outside and establishes compound fire-retardant rolling curtain 6, establishes the bi-directional drive motor on it, controls its forward and backward by Fire Services Communication Centre.Reach the purpose of lifting fire curtain.In emergency circumstances, also can manually fire curtain be put down or rise at the scene.

Embodiment 2, with reference to figure 7, Fig. 8, Figure 10.With the difference of embodiment 1 be, establish the fire lift 11 that communicates with it at the rear portion of cup 2, established waterproof threshold 5 on the ground that staircase 1 is imported and exported, this threshold is wide, height is 50mm.On the ceiling of business hall, fire curtain 6 outside, establish the automatic water jetting shower nozzle 7 that joins with its feed pipe.The sprinkler head here is an enclosed self-extinguishing sprinkler head, and makes by meeting hot flimsy material, as glass, fusible alloy etc.Other parts are identical with embodiment 1, and the fire curtain control principle is also identical.The difference of fire-fighting principle is, owing to set up fire lift, helps fire fighter and fire-fighting equipment and in time arrives the scene of fire, strengthened blow-off velocity.In addition, when near the temperature of the business hall fire curtain rose to certain numerical value, as 70 ℃, then the automatic water jetting shower nozzle broke and sprays water on fire curtain automatically from top to down, prevented that fire curtain Yin Wendu is too high and was out of shape, and made it play due back-fire relief every the cigarette effect.The waterproof threshold has played resistance effect, makes smoke not because of there being water to influence evacuating personnel.

Embodiment 3, with reference to figure 8, Fig. 9, Figure 11.This is the smoke of an inner wall design, compares no natural draught system mouth with embodiment 2.Its smoke evacuation is dynamic smoke extraction system.This smoke evacuation system is by smoke vent opening, smoke exhaust pipe, and exhaust smoke valve, smoke shaft and air-introduced machine (not drawing among the figure) constitute.The ceiling place of chamber inlet before smoke vent opening is located at, make the cigarette that enters cup by the second class labeled door enter smoke vent opening 4 immediately, enter smoke shaft 8 by smoke exhaust pipe 10, exhaust smoke valve 9 then, enter the smoke extractor that cigarette in the smoke shaft is installed in the smoke shaft top and be extracted into outdoor.Establish the forced draft system in staircase one side, the forced draft system is made of air-supply vertical shaft 12, blow valve 13 and ventilator.Ventilator (not drawing among the figure) is positioned at downstairs; by induced duct wind is sent into air-supply vertical shaft 12; wind enters in the smoke along the blow valve 13 of air-supply vertical shaft by every layer of smoke, to reach the purpose that stops outside cigarette to enter, personnel's safety in the protection smoke.Fire curtain 6, except by the landing of embodiment 2 described Fire Services Communication Centres or Artificial Control, also can be by being located near the smoke alarm 16 control landing in the business hall every layer of fire curtain.When the cigarette near the business hall fire curtain reached finite concentration, smoke alarm was given an order and is controlled the motor start-up of fire curtain, made the fire curtain landing.The increase of control fire curtain measure makes fire curtain more can play timely back-fire relief every the cigarette effect.

Claims

Business hall, 1 one kinds of high-rise department stores smoke, it comprises staircase (1), cup (2), second class labeled door (3), smoke vent opening (4) is characterized in that, establishes import and export on a face wall of staircase (1), the top of the import and export fiery roller shutter (6) of setting up defences.
2, by business hall, the described high-rise department stores of claim 1 smoke, it is characterized in that, the water valve sill (5) of setting up defences on the ground of importing and exporting are established the automatic water jetting shower nozzle (7) that joins with the automatic sprinkler system feed pipe on the ceiling of business hall, fire curtain (6) outside.
3, by claim 1 or business hall, 2 described high-rise department stores smoke, it is characterized in that, establish the fire lift (11) that communicates with it at the rear portion of cup (2).
4, by business hall, the described high-rise department stores of claim 3 smoke, it is characterized in that, described smoke vent opening (4) is non-natural draught system mouth, smoke vent opening is located at the ceiling place of cup (2) inlet, smoke vent opening is connected with smoke exhaust pipe (10), smoke exhaust pipe is connected with smoke shaft (8) by exhaust smoke valve (9), the top of smoke shaft is air-introduced machine, establish blowing shaft (12) in staircase (1) one side, the ventilator that communicates with it is established in blowing shaft (12) bottom, and the wind in the blowing shaft (12) enters smoke by the blow valve (13) on staircase (2) wall.