CN114078171A - Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane - Google Patents

Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114078171A
CN114078171A CN202010822754.0A CN202010822754A CN114078171A CN 114078171 A CN114078171 A CN 114078171A CN 202010822754 A CN202010822754 A CN 202010822754A CN 114078171 A CN114078171 A CN 114078171A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
structural
diagram
intelligent
structural plane
rock mass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN202010822754.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡高建
刘杰
张贺
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Shaoxing
Original Assignee
University of Shaoxing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Shaoxing filed Critical University of Shaoxing
Priority to CN202010822754.0A priority Critical patent/CN114078171A/en
Publication of CN114078171A publication Critical patent/CN114078171A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/23—Clustering techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/20—Software design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
    • G06T11/203—Drawing of straight lines or curves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
    • G06T11/206—Drawing of charts or graphs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/66—Analysis of geometric attributes of image moments or centre of gravity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/80—Analysis of captured images to determine intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, i.e. camera calibration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/156—Mixing image signals

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)

Abstract

A method for rapidly and intelligently drawing a polar point diagram and a trend rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane belongs to the technical field of rock mass measurement, and comprises the following steps: (1) rapidly acquiring the rock mass structural plane by digital photogrammetry; (2) and (5) research and development of an intelligent drawing system of a rock mass structural plane polar diagram and a trend rose diagram. The method adopts a digital photogrammetry method to quickly obtain the geometric parameters of the structural surface, and programs and researches the intelligent drawing system of the polar point diagram and the oriented rose diagram of the rock structural surface based on a fuzzy equivalent clustering analysis method and a structural surface oriented rose diagram drawing method, thereby realizing the quick and intelligent drawing of the polar point diagram and the oriented rose diagram of the rock structural surface. The method of the invention has the advantages of rapid and intelligent means and convenient engineering application.

Description

Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for rapidly and intelligently drawing a polar point diagram and a trend rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane, in particular to a method for rapidly and intelligently drawing a polar point diagram and a trend rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane, which adopts a digital photogrammetry method to rapidly obtain parameter information of the rock mass structural plane, programs and researches a system for intelligently drawing the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane based on a fuzzy equivalent clustering analysis method and a structural plane trend rose diagram drawing method, combines digital photogrammetry and software system research and development, provides a method for rapidly and intelligently drawing the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass measurement.
Background
The shape of the structural plane is an important factor for controlling the stability of the rock mass and plays an important role in the stability of the rock mass. For example, in the analysis of the stability of the rock slope, the occurrence of the structural plane has a great influence on the stability, for example, the slope instability can be caused by the joints that the rock mass develops in the same direction as the slope and the inclination angle is smaller than the slope angle, and if the development degree of the joints is dense, the stability of the slope is greatly weakened. Therefore, how to rapidly and effectively analyze and describe the occurrence of the structural surface and intelligently obtain the occurrence, distribution characteristics and the like of the structural surface in the region is always the most concerned and urgent key technical problem to be solved in the rock engineering field.
At present, the commonly used structural surface attitude acquisition methods at home and abroad mainly comprise a line measurement method, a fine line measurement method, a sampling window method and a drilling core joint acquisition method. When the measuring methods are applied, the measuring methods have the defects of large field workload, large error and poor effect, and cannot meet the requirements of modern construction. The digital photogrammetry technology is a brand-new method for quickly, efficiently, accurately and comprehensively acquiring the information of the random rock mass structural plane, and is particularly advanced in the aspect of solving the azimuth and scale information of the structural plane. The method has the advantages that according to a non-contact measurement means, a digital product based on three-dimensional space coordinate data and a solid model is provided, a real-time geological information exchange and feedback environment is created, structural plane information data of the rock body is directly obtained through software processing and operation, the three-dimensional solid model of the surface of the rock body in a measured range is established, and the development condition of the structural plane of the surface of the rock body and block information are visually reflected. Therefore, through the digital photogrammetry technology, the rapid acquisition of structural plane data can be realized.
Common statistical methods for structural plane attitude include structural plane rose diagrams and polar point diagrams. The structural surface rose diagram is a simple, clear and visual basic geological diagram and is widely applied to the aspects of representing the development degree and the dominant direction of the structural fracture surface. The method is simple and striking, can clearly reflect the direction of main joints, is beneficial to analyzing the regional structure, and is most commonly used for joint movement towards a rose diagram. In geological analysis, joint rosettes are usually plotted on a geological map according to the positions of measuring points so as to clearly reflect the relationship of joints, folds or faults of different structural parts, comprehensively analyze the condition of local stress of the joints, and roughly determine the property and the direction of a main stress axis. The trend rose diagram is mostly applied to the condition that the joint formation is relatively steep. However, the trend rose diagram has the disadvantages that the trend rose diagram can only show the distribution of the trend, and can not show the distribution of the inclination angle, and the trend rose diagram can not show when the same trend has a plurality of groups of structural surfaces. When a certain group of structural surfaces are approximately horizontal, the discreteness of the trend and the measurement error are large, and the trend cannot be well reflected by the trend rose diagram.
The polar diagram is a method for projecting the poles of the measured structural plane onto a planimetric projection diagram, and is a graphical method for analyzing lines and planes in a three-dimensional space by using points and lines on a plane. The joint and stratum attitude before structural failure can be recovered through rotation transformation, and the attitude of the dominant structural plane can be obtained through a joint isopycnic map. The polar diagram can simultaneously show the inclination of the structural plane and the distribution of the inclination angle, is more scientific and accurate compared with a rose diagram method, but cannot directly reflect the occurrence of the trend. The illustration process of the pole point diagram is quite complicated, the drawing of one pole point diagram is manually completed, straight lines such as point projection, density statistics, percentage conversion, drawing and the like are needed, time is consumed, and errors are easy to occur. Meanwhile, the polar diagram also has the defects that the grouping result mainly depends on experience, and the grouping result is lack of objectivity under the condition that the boundary of each group is not obvious. Therefore, statistical analysis methods and computer processing programs are becoming important means for pole point mapping. Cluster analysis is a method of statistically studying the classification problem and its task is to assign all sample data to a number of clusters so that the sample data of the same cluster is clustered around the center of the cluster at relatively close distances and the sample data of different clusters at relatively far distances. The clustering analysis method comprises a systematic clustering method, an ordered sample clustering method, a dynamic clustering method, a fuzzy clustering method and the like. The fuzzy equivalent clustering method has better advantages on the aspect of processing the structure.
Because the trend of the structural surface can be reflected by the rose diagram, the tendency and the inclination angle of the structural surface can be reflected by the polar diagram, and a single diagram always has more or less problems in the application and drawing processes. If the data volume of the structural surface measured on site is too large, the problems of complex processing and time consumption exist. Therefore, if the two drawing methods can be integrated into one drawing system, the intelligent drawing of the structural surface rose diagram and the intelligent drawing of the structural surface polar diagram can be realized, and great benefits can be brought to the occurrence analysis of the structural surface. At present, although scholars at home and abroad realize the identification of structural aspect by writing programs, few scholars form a system intelligent software system.
The structural plane attitude is insufficient in the aspect of an intelligent processing system, and in summary, how to intelligently realize data identification processing, attitude grouping, pole point diagram drawing, data statistical analysis, data derivation and rose diagram drawing on a large amount of structural plane data measured in the field, namely how to form a set of complete, intelligent and visual structural plane attitude processing system. These disadvantages are embodied in the following aspects:
(1) and intelligently identifying and importing structural surface data. A large amount of structural surface data are obtained through conventional field measurement, the structural surface data are numerous and complicated and irregular, manual processing is very complicated and difficult, a large amount of repeated operations exist, and the processing efficiency is low. How to intelligently identify and import the structural plane data with different occurrence into an analysis system is a first and important step for structural plane analysis.
(2) Intelligent grouping of structural plane occurrence. After the structure surface data is imported, how to intelligently realize the grouping of the structure surfaces according to a certain algorithm flow is the most important step in the analysis and the processing of the structure surfaces. Compared with the traditional statistical method, the intelligent grouping method has the advantages of rapidness, convenience, accuracy, great processing time saving and the like.
(3) And intelligently drawing a pole point diagram of the structural plane. The conventional structural plane attitude analysis usually adopts methods such as a scatter diagram and an isopycnic map, although the methods are intuitive and clear, only qualitative division can be given, quantitative structural plane attitude cannot be given, and the grouping result depends on human experience and is lack of objectivity. By the equivalent fuzzy clustering method, intelligent clustering analysis on the structure surface occurrence can be realized, actual data distribution can be accurately reflected, accurate occurrence distribution and occurrence data of the structure surface can be obtained, and the non-objectivity of artificial experience grouping can be overcome.
(4) And (4) intelligent statistical analysis of structural plane data. The geometric parameters of the structural surface mainly comprise inclination, inclination angle, trace length, spacing, fault distance and the like, and the statistics of the mean value, variance and probability distribution form has the problems of large workload, time and labor waste, high repeatability and the like during manual solving and processing, so that the intelligent statistical analysis of the structural surface data is realized, the solving workload and the solving time are effectively shortened, and the working efficiency is improved.
(5) And intelligently outputting structural plane data. The conventional structural surface processing method is complex, and data output cannot be effectively intelligent. Therefore, the intelligent output of the structural surface data is realized, and the data processing time is effectively shortened.
(6) Moving to the intelligent drawing of the rose diagram. The conventional rose diagram drawing method is complicated, large-batch intelligent drawing of structural surface data is difficult to realize, and when a certain trend has multiple groups of structural surfaces, repeated drawing is needed for many times. Therefore, the intelligent drawing of the trend rose diagram is realized, the structural plane trend rose diagram can be rapidly and intelligently obtained, the workload is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
(7) The intelligence and systematicness of the drawing of the structural plane polar diagram and the trend rose diagram. The conventional structural plane polar diagram and the rose diagram are often drawn independently, manually analyzed or operated step by step, and no digital and intelligent process operation system such as systematic structural plane data intelligent import, intelligent classification, intelligent drawing, intelligent statistical analysis and intelligent output is formed.
In view of the above, the invention provides a rapid and intelligent drawing method of a rock mass structural plane polar diagram and a trend rose diagram.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of fast and intelligent drawing of a polar point diagram and an oriented rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane, the invention provides a fast and intelligent drawing method of the polar point diagram and the oriented rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for rapidly and intelligently drawing a polar point diagram and a trend rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane comprises the following steps:
1) the method is characterized in that the digital photogrammetry of the rock mass structural plane is rapidly obtained, and the process is as follows:
1.1: selecting a rock mass with good surface joint development and no obstacles as a photogrammetric region according to the rock mass range and the spatial position of the observation region, and vertically erecting a marker post on one side of the measurement region for calibrating the distance between any two points on the finally generated three-dimensional image;
1.2: selecting a structural surface which is exposed, has a large area and is smooth on the surface of the rock mass as a calibration point, measuring the inclination and the dip angle by using a compass, and marking the structural surface for orientation reality of an image during post-processing;
1.3: sequentially photographing a rock mass at the left and right positions right in front of the selected region by using a high-resolution camera, wherein the distance D between a lens and the measured rock mass and the distance B between two imaging positions satisfy the relation B of D/8-D/5 when the two times of photographing are carried out;
1.4: after the measurement point data are collected, the marker post is taken back, and the marker post returns to the room for further post-processing operation;
1.5: importing the left and right views obtained by field photogrammetry into a software analysis system, matching the pixel points in the left and right views by adopting methods such as reference calibration, pixel point matching, image deformation correction and the like, and synthesizing a rock surface three-dimensional solid model;
1.6: according to the size of the marker post and the appearance of the calibration point measured by the compass, the orientation, the size and the distance of the three-dimensional solid model are realized;
1.7: identifying and positioning each structural surface based on a realistic entity model, and deriving structural surface data information;
2) the development of a rock mass structural plane polar diagram and a trend rose diagram intelligent drawing system is as follows:
the intelligent drawing system of the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane adopts C + + Builder development tool programming and adopts a gradually solved structured software design method, and comprises 6 modules which are respectively: the system comprises a data intelligent import module, a fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm intelligent calculation module, a polar diagram intelligent drawing module, a structural surface intelligent statistical analysis module, a data intelligent output module and a trend rose diagram intelligent drawing module;
2.1: intelligent data import module
The system is used for intelligently importing structural surface data obtained by digital photogrammetry into a software system;
2.2: intelligent computing module for fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm
Based on a fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm, the fuzzy equivalent clustering of the structural plane occurrence is intelligently realized, and the process is as follows:
2.2.1: let the number of actual measurement samples of the structural surface be N, and the ith sample be (x)i1，xi2)，xi1For structural orientation, xi2The structural plane inclination angle is shown as the fuzzy relation matrix R:
Figure BSA0000216906500000051
element r in the matrixijRepresenting the similarity degree between the ith sample and the jth sample for the similarity coefficient between the ith sample and the jth sample; r isijLarger indicates that sample i is more similar to sample j;
2.2.2: calculating a similarity coefficient rij：
Figure BSA0000216906500000061
Wherein i is 1, 2.. N; n ═ 1, 2.. N; c is a calculation parameter (c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and the value of c is properly selected to ensure that r isijIn [0, 1 ]]Disperse from the middle;
2.2.3: solving the closure t (R):
R2＝RR
R4＝R2R2
... (3)
2.2.4: and (3) carrying out structural surface grouping judgment: the fuzzy matrix multiplication steps are similar to the common matrix multiplication, and the difference is that the multiplication of two terms is not carried out first and then the addition is carried out, but the multiplication is carried out first and then the multiplication is carried out; if C ═ AB, then the elements in C
Figure BSA0000216906500000062
n-level fuzzy relation matrix R is n R continuous multiplication; namely, it is
Figure BSA0000216906500000063
When R isn＝Rn+1＝Rn+2When (5)
There, the fuzzy equivalence matrix t (R) ═ Rn (6)
Taking the definite intercept set level lambda belongs to [0, 1 ]]If r in t (R)ijIf the structural plane i and the structural plane j belong to the same class, the structural plane i and the structural plane j belong to the same class; namely, it is
rij≥λ (7)
2.3: intelligent pole point drawing module
Intelligently drawing a structural plane occurrence polar point diagram according to the clustering result and the structural plane grouping result;
2.3.1: drawing a polar point diagram by adopting a lower hemisphere equal-angle projection method;
2.3.2: will tend to be alphadAnd angle of inclination betadThe represented joint attitude data is converted into structural plane attitude data expressed by normal vector of joint unit, and alpha is setnAnd betanThe inclination direction and the inclination angle are respectively the unit normal vector of the structural plane, and the unit normal vector of any structural plane is expressed as X ═ X (X1，x2，x3) At this time, each point on the hemispherical surface corresponds to a joint occurrence form, and the formula is as follows:
X＝(x1，x2，x3) (8)
Figure BSA0000216906500000071
Figure BSA0000216906500000072
αd∈(0，360)，βd∈(0，90) (11)
2.3.3: obtaining structural surface attitude data expressed by unit normal vectors;
2.3.4: based on normal attitude data of the structural plane and according to a longitudinal section schematic diagram of a spatial red-flat projection diagram of the structural plane, the point A' is the red-flat projection of the plane normal; combining with the schematic diagram of the red projection, the coordinate x of A' on the schematic diagram of the red projection is calculatednAnd ynThe formula is as follows:
Figure BSA0000216906500000073
Figure BSA0000216906500000074
2.3.5: solving the coordinate point (x) of the declination projection of all the structural surface normalsn，yn)；
2.3.6: drawing a base circle with the diameter as the unit length, drawing two diameters of vertical and horizontal, and marking E, S, W, N;
2.3.7: the coordinate (x) of the declination plane of all the structural surfaces is measuredn，yn) Plotted on a base circle graph;
2.3.8: intelligently drawing a pole point diagram of the structural plane;
2.4: structural surface intelligent statistical analysis module
The method is used for carrying out intelligent statistical analysis on the clustered structural surfaces, and obtaining the mean value and variance of the tendency, the inclination angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces, and the process is as follows:
2.4.1: determining a sample partition interval m;
2.4.2: solving sample range
Figure BSA0000216906500000081
Figure BSA0000216906500000082
2.4.3: calculate each partition interval Mm：
Figure BSA0000216906500000083
2.4.4: determining the probability of the sample falling in each partition interval, and counting the number N of the samples falling in each interval by using a computer circulation languagemCalculating the probability P of the number of samples by combining the total number N of samplesm：
Figure BSA0000216906500000084
2.4.5: solving sample mean
Figure BSA0000216906500000085
Figure BSA0000216906500000086
2.4.6: solving for sample variance S2Wherein S is the standard deviation:
Figure BSA0000216906500000087
2.4.7: according to the probability PmIntelligently drawing the probability distribution forms of the inclination, the dip angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces;
2.5: intelligent data output module
Intelligently outputting classification information of the occurrence of the structural surfaces, including the mean value and the variance of the inclination, the inclination angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces;
2.6: intelligent drawing module for trend rose diagram
According to the trend rose diagram drawing method, intelligently drawing the structural surface trend rose diagram, and the process is as follows;
2.6.1: converting the measured joint trend data into northeast and northwest directions, sequencing the data in sequence according to the size of the joint trend azimuth angles, grouping the data at intervals of alpha-10 degrees, and naming T for each groupi；
Ti＝{α，α+9°} (19)
α＝10(i-1) (20)
i∈(1，10)∪(27，36) (21)
2.6.2: counting the number of joints in each group
Figure BSA0000216906500000091
And average orientation of each set of joints
Figure BSA0000216906500000092
Figure BSA0000216906500000093
i∈(1，10)∪(27，36) (23)
2.6.3: according to the size of the drawing and the number of each group of joints, selecting a line segment with a certain length to represent a group of joints, and determining the scale L of the line segmentT；
2.6.4: to equal to the scale LTRepresented, most numerous set of joints
Figure BSA0000216906500000094
Length of line segment
Figure BSA0000216906500000095
Making a semicircle by taking the radius, making a north-south line and an east-west line by crossing the circle center, and marking an azimuth angle on the circumference;
Figure BSA0000216906500000096
2.6.5: for each group of joints TiAccording to the average trend
Figure BSA0000216906500000097
Making marks on the semi-circle for the azimuth angle, from the center of the circle to the radius of the mark point on the circumference, according to the number in the group
Figure BSA0000216906500000098
And scale LTSet out a point
Figure BSA0000216906500000099
The point represents the average trend and the number of joints of the group of joints;
Figure BSA00002169065000000910
2.6.6: are connected in sequence
Figure BSA00002169065000000911
And
Figure BSA00002169065000000912
if the certain group of the rational numbers is zero, the connection line returns to the circle center, and then the connection line is led out from the circle center to be connected with the next group;
2.6.7: and intelligently drawing a joint trend rose diagram.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. adopting a digital photogrammetry technology to quickly obtain geometric parameter data of the structural surface, wherein the geometric parameter data comprises inclination, dip angle, spacing, breaking distance and track length;
2. the intelligent drawing system of the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane is researched and developed, and the fast import of the geometric parameters of the rock mass structural plane, the intelligent fuzzy equivalent clustering grouping of the geometric parameters of the structural plane, the intelligent drawing of the polar point diagram, the intelligent statistical analysis of the geometric parameters of the structural plane, the intelligent output of data and the fast intelligent drawing of the trend rose diagram are realized;
3. the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane are drawn rapidly and intelligently;
4. the method of the invention has the advantages of rapid and intelligent means and convenient engineering application.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a software design framework diagram.
Fig. 2 is a structural plane attitude polar diagram.
FIG. 3 is a structural plane oriented rose diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for rapidly and intelligently drawing a polar point diagram and a trend rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane comprises the following steps:
1) the method is characterized in that the digital photogrammetry of the rock mass structural plane is rapidly obtained, and the process is as follows:
1.1: selecting a rock mass with good surface joint development and no obstacles as a photogrammetric region according to the rock mass range and the spatial position of the observation region, and vertically erecting a marker post on one side of the measurement region for calibrating the distance between any two points on the finally generated three-dimensional image;
1.2: selecting a structural surface which is exposed, has a large area and is smooth on the surface of the rock mass as a calibration point, measuring the inclination and the dip angle by using a compass, and marking the structural surface for orientation reality of an image during post-processing;
1.3: sequentially photographing a rock mass at the left and right positions right in front of the selected region by using a high-resolution camera, wherein the distance D between a lens and the measured rock mass and the distance B between two imaging positions satisfy the relation B of D/8-D/5 when the two times of photographing are carried out;
1.4: after the measurement point data are collected, the marker post is taken back, and the marker post returns to the room for further post-processing operation;
1.5: importing the left and right views obtained by field photogrammetry into a software analysis system, matching the pixel points in the left and right views by adopting methods such as reference calibration, pixel point matching, image deformation correction and the like, and synthesizing a rock surface three-dimensional solid model;
1.6: according to the size of the marker post and the appearance of the calibration point measured by the compass, the orientation, the size and the distance of the three-dimensional solid model are realized;
1.7: identifying and positioning each structural surface based on a realistic entity model, and deriving structural surface data information;
2) the development of a rock mass structural plane polar diagram and a trend rose diagram intelligent drawing system is as follows:
the intelligent drawing system of the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane adopts C + + Builder development tool programming and adopts a gradually solved structured software design method, and comprises 6 modules which are respectively: the intelligent data importing module, the intelligent fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm calculating module, the intelligent pole point diagram drawing module, the intelligent structural surface statistical analysis module, the intelligent data outputting module and the intelligent trend rose diagram drawing module are arranged, and the software design structure chart is shown in figure 1;
2.1: intelligent data import module
The system is used for intelligently importing structural surface data obtained by digital photogrammetry into a software system;
2.2: intelligent computing module for fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm
Based on a fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm, the fuzzy equivalent clustering of the structural plane occurrence is intelligently realized, and the process is as follows:
2.2.1: let the number of actual measurement samples of the structural surface be N, and the ith sample be (x)i1，xi2)，xi1For structural orientation, xi2The structural plane inclination angle is shown as the fuzzy relation matrix R:
Figure BSA0000216906500000111
element r in the matrixijRepresenting the similarity degree between the ith sample and the jth sample for the similarity coefficient between the ith sample and the jth sample; r isijLarger indicates that sample i is more similar to sample j;
2.2.2: calculating a similarity coefficient rij：
Figure BSA0000216906500000121
Wherein i is 1, 2.. N; n ═ 1, 2.. N; c is a calculation parameter (c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and the value of c is properly selected to ensure that r isijIn [0, 1 ]]Disperse from the middle;
2.2.3: solving the closure t (R):
R2＝RR
R4＝R2R2
... (3)
2.2.4: and (3) carrying out structural surface grouping judgment: the fuzzy matrix multiplication steps are similar to the common matrix multiplication, and the difference is that the multiplication of two terms is not carried out first and then the addition is carried out, but the multiplication is carried out first and then the multiplication is carried out; if C ═ AB, then the elements in C
Figure BSA0000216906500000122
n-level fuzzy relation matrix R is n R continuous multiplication; namely, it is
Figure BSA0000216906500000123
When R isn＝Rn+1＝Rn+2When (5)
There, the fuzzy equivalence matrix t (R) ═ Rn (6)
Taking the definite intercept set level lambda belongs to [0, 1 ]]If r in t (R)ijIf the structural plane i and the structural plane j belong to the same class, the structural plane i and the structural plane j belong to the same class; namely, it is
rij≥λ (7)
2.3: intelligent pole point drawing module
Intelligently drawing a structural plane occurrence polar point diagram according to the clustering result and the structural plane grouping result, wherein the process is as follows;
2.3.1: drawing a polar point diagram by adopting a lower hemisphere equal-angle projection method;
2.3.2: will tend to be alphadAnd angle of inclination betadConverting the represented joint attitude data into structural plane attitude data represented by a joint unit normal vector; let alphanAnd betanThe inclination direction and the inclination angle are respectively the unit normal vector of the structural plane, and the unit normal vector of any structural plane is expressed as X ═ X (X1，x2，x3) At this time, each point on the hemispherical surface corresponds to a joint occurrence form, and the formula is as follows:
X＝(x1，x2，x3) (8)
Figure BSA0000216906500000131
Figure BSA0000216906500000132
αd∈(0，360)，βd∈(0，90) (11)
2.3.3: obtaining structural surface attitude data expressed by unit normal vectors;
2.3.4: based on normal attitude data of the structural plane and according to a longitudinal section schematic diagram of a spatial red-flat projection diagram of the structural plane, the point A' is the red-flat projection of the plane normal; combining with the schematic diagram of the red projection, the coordinate x of A' on the schematic diagram of the red projection is calculatednAnd ynThe formula is as follows:
Figure BSA0000216906500000133
Figure BSA0000216906500000134
2.3.5: solving the coordinate point (x) of the declination projection of all the structural surface normalsn，yn)；
2.3.6: drawing a base circle with the diameter as the unit length, drawing two diameters of vertical and horizontal, and marking E, S, W, N;
2.3.7: the coordinate (x) of the declination plane of all the structural surfaces is measuredn，yn) Plotted on a base circle graph;
2.3.8: intelligently realizing the drawing of a pole point diagram of the structural plane, as shown in figure 2;
2.4: structural surface intelligent statistical analysis module
The method is used for carrying out intelligent statistical analysis on the clustered structural surfaces, and obtaining the mean value and variance of the tendency, the inclination angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces, and the process is as follows:
2.4.1: determining a sample partition interval m;
2.4.2: solving sample range
Figure BSA0000216906500000135
Figure BSA0000216906500000141
2.4.3: calculate each partition interval Mm：
Figure BSA0000216906500000142
2.4.4: determining the probability of the sample falling in each partition interval, and counting the number N of the samples falling in each interval by using a computer circulation languagemCalculating the probability P of the number of samples by combining the total number N of samplesm：
Figure BSA0000216906500000143
2.4.5: solving sample mean
Figure BSA0000216906500000144
Figure BSA0000216906500000145
2.4.6: solving for sample variance S2Wherein S is the standard deviation:
Figure BSA0000216906500000146
2.4.7: according to the probability PmIntelligently drawing the probability distribution forms of the inclination, the dip angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces;
2.5: intelligent data output module
Intelligently outputting classification information of the attitude of the structural plane;
2.6: intelligent drawing module for trend rose diagram
According to the trend rose diagram drawing method, intelligently drawing the structural surface trend rose diagram, and the process is as follows;
2.6.1: converting the measured joint trend data into northeast and northwest directions, sequencing the data in sequence according to the size of the joint trend azimuth angles, grouping the data at intervals of alpha-10 degrees, and naming T for each groupi；
Ti＝{α，α+9°} (19)
α＝10(i-1) (20)
i∈(1，10)∪(27，36) (21)
2.6.2: counting the number of joints in each group
Figure BSA0000216906500000151
And average orientation of each set of joints
Figure BSA0000216906500000152
Figure BSA0000216906500000153
i∈(1，10)∪(27，36) (23)
2.6.3: according to the size of the drawing and the number of each group of joints, selecting a line segment with a certain length to represent a group of joints, and determining the scale L of the line segmentT；
2.6.4: to equal to the scale LTRepresented, most numerous set of joints
Figure BSA0000216906500000154
Length of line segment
Figure BSA0000216906500000155
Making a semicircle by taking the radius, making a north-south line and an east-west line by crossing the circle center, and marking an azimuth angle on the circumference;
Figure BSA0000216906500000156
2.6.5: for each group of joints TiAccording to the average trend
Figure BSA0000216906500000157
Making marks on the semi-circle for the azimuth angle, from the center of the circle to the radius of the mark point on the circumference, according to the number in the group
Figure BSA0000216906500000158
And scale LTSet out a point
Figure BSA0000216906500000159
The point represents the average trend and the number of joints of the group of joints;
Figure BSA00002169065000001510
2.6.6: are connected in sequence
Figure BSA00002169065000001511
And
Figure BSA00002169065000001512
if the certain group of the rational numbers is zero, the connection line returns to the circle center, and then the connection line is led out from the circle center to be connected with the next group;
2.6.7: the joints are intelligently drawn towards a rose diagram, as shown in fig. 3.

Claims (2)

1. A method for rapidly and intelligently drawing a polar point diagram and a trend rose diagram of a rock mass structural plane is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the method is characterized in that the digital photogrammetry of the rock mass structural plane is rapidly obtained, and the process is as follows:
1.1: selecting a rock mass with good surface joint development and no obstacles as a photogrammetric region according to the rock mass range and the spatial position of the observation region, and vertically erecting a marker post on one side of the measurement region for calibrating the distance between any two points on the finally generated three-dimensional image;
1.2: selecting a structural surface which is exposed, has a large area and is smooth on the surface of the rock mass as a calibration point, measuring the inclination and the dip angle by using a compass, and marking the structural surface for orientation reality of an image during post-processing;
1.3: sequentially photographing a rock mass at the left and right positions right in front of the selected region by using a high-resolution camera, wherein the distance D between a lens and the measured rock mass and the distance B between two imaging positions satisfy the relation B of D/8-D/5 when the two times of photographing are carried out;
1.4: after the measurement point data are collected, the marker post is taken back, and the marker post returns to the room for further post-processing operation;
1.5: importing the left and right views obtained by field photogrammetry into a software analysis system, matching the pixel points in the left and right views by adopting methods such as reference calibration, pixel point matching, image deformation correction and the like, and synthesizing a rock surface three-dimensional solid model;
1.6: according to the size of the marker post and the appearance of the calibration point measured by the compass, the orientation, the size and the distance of the three-dimensional solid model are realized;
1.7: identifying and positioning each structural surface based on a realistic entity model, and deriving structural surface data information;
(2) the pole point diagram and the trend rose diagram intelligent drawing system of the rock mass structural plane are researched and developed.
2. The method for rapidly and intelligently drawing the pole point diagram and the oriented rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the development process of the system for intelligently drawing the pole point diagram and the oriented rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane is as follows:
the intelligent drawing system of the polar point diagram and the trend rose diagram of the rock mass structural plane adopts C + + Builder development tool programming and adopts a gradually solved structured software design method, and the intelligent drawing system totally comprises 6 modules which are respectively: the system comprises a data intelligent import module, a fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm intelligent calculation module, a polar diagram intelligent drawing module, a structural surface intelligent statistical analysis module, a data intelligent output module and a trend rose diagram intelligent drawing module;
2.1: intelligent data import module
The system is used for intelligently importing structural surface data obtained by digital photogrammetry into a software system;
2.2: intelligent computing module for fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm
Based on a fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm, the fuzzy equivalent clustering of the structural plane occurrence is intelligently realized, and the process is as follows:
2.2.1: is provided withThe number of measured samples of the structural surface is N, and the ith sample is represented by (x)i1，xi2)，xi1For structural orientation, xi2The structural plane inclination angle is shown as the fuzzy relation matrix R:
Figure FSA0000216906490000021
element r in the matrixijRepresenting the similarity degree between the ith sample and the jth sample for the similarity coefficient between the ith sample and the jth sample; r isijLarger indicates that sample i is more similar to sample j;
2.2.2: calculating a similarity coefficient rij：
Figure FSA0000216906490000022
Wherein i is 1, 2.. N; n ═ 1, 2.. N; c is a calculation parameter (c is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1), and the value of c is properly selected to ensure that r isijIn [0, 1 ]]Disperse from the middle;
2.2.3: solving the closure t (R):
R2＝RR
R4＝R2R2
… (3)
2.2.4: and (3) carrying out structural surface grouping judgment: the fuzzy matrix multiplication steps are similar to the common matrix multiplication, and the difference is that the multiplication of two terms is not carried out first and then the addition is carried out, but the multiplication is carried out first and then the multiplication is carried out; if C ═ AB, then the elements in C
Figure FSA0000216906490000023
n-level fuzzy relation matrix R is n R continuous multiplication; namely, it is
Figure FSA0000216906490000031
When R isn＝Rn+1＝Rn+2When … (5)
There, the fuzzy equivalence matrix t (R) ═ Rn (6)
Taking the definite intercept set level lambda belongs to [0, 1 ]]If r in t (R)ijIf the structural plane i and the structural plane j belong to the same class, the structural plane i and the structural plane j belong to the same class; namely, it is
rij≥λ (7)
2.3: intelligent pole point drawing module
Intelligently drawing a structural plane occurrence polar point diagram according to the clustering result and the structural plane grouping result;
2.3.1: drawing a polar point diagram by adopting a lower hemisphere equal-angle projection method;
2.3.2: will tend to be alphadAnd angle of inclination betadThe represented joint attitude data is converted into structural plane attitude data expressed by normal vector of joint unit, and alpha is setnAnd betanThe inclination direction and the inclination angle are respectively the unit normal vector of the structural plane, and the unit normal vector of any structural plane is expressed as X ═ X (X1，x2，x3) At this time, each point on the hemispherical surface corresponds to a joint occurrence form, and the formula is as follows:
X＝(x1，x2，x3) (8)
Figure FSA0000216906490000032
Figure FSA0000216906490000033
αd∈(0，360)，βd∈(0，90) (11)
2.3.3: obtaining structural surface attitude data expressed by unit normal vectors;
2.3.4: based on normal attitude data of the structural plane and according to a longitudinal section schematic diagram of a spatial red-flat projection diagram of the structural plane, the point A' is the red-flat projection of the plane normal; combining with the schematic diagram of the red projection, the coordinate x of A' on the schematic diagram of the red projection is calculatednAnd ynThe formula is as follows:
Figure FSA0000216906490000041
Figure FSA0000216906490000042
2.3.5: solving the coordinate point (x) of the declination projection of all the structural surface normalsn，yn)；
2.3.6: drawing a base circle with the diameter as the unit length, drawing two diameters of vertical and horizontal, and marking E, S, W, N;
2.3.7: the coordinate (x) of the declination plane of all the structural surfaces is measuredn，yn) Plotted on a base circle graph;
2.3.8: intelligently drawing a pole point diagram of the structural plane;
2.4: structural surface intelligent statistical analysis module
The method is used for carrying out intelligent statistical analysis on the clustered structural surfaces, and obtaining the mean value and variance of the tendency, the inclination angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces, and the process is as follows:
2.4.1: determining a sample partition interval m;
2.4.2: solving sample range
Figure FSA0000216906490000043
Figure FSA0000216906490000044
2.4.3: calculate each partition interval Mm：
Figure FSA0000216906490000045
2.4.4: determining the probability of the sample falling into each partition, and counting the falling into each partition by using computer circulation languageNumber of samples N betweenmCalculating the probability P of the number of samples by combining the total number N of samplesm：
Figure FSA0000216906490000046
2.4.5: solving sample mean
Figure FSA0000216906490000047
Figure FSA0000216906490000048
2.4.6: solving for sample variance S2Wherein S is the standard deviation:
Figure FSA0000216906490000051
2.4.7: according to the probability PmIntelligently drawing the probability distribution forms of the inclination, the dip angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces;
2.5: intelligent data output module
Intelligently outputting classification information of the occurrence of the structural surfaces, including the mean value and the variance of the inclination, the inclination angle, the trace length, the spacing and the fault distance of each group of structural surfaces;
2.6: intelligent drawing module for trend rose diagram
According to the trend rose diagram drawing method, intelligently drawing the structural surface trend rose diagram, and the process is as follows;
2.6.1: converting the measured joint trend data into northeast and northwest directions, sequencing the data in sequence according to the size of the joint trend azimuth angles, grouping the data at intervals of alpha-10 degrees, and naming T for each groupi；
Ti＝{α，α+9°} (19)
α＝10(i-1) (20)
i∈(1，10)∪(27，36) (21)
2.6.2: counting the number of joints in each group
Figure FSA0000216906490000052
And average orientation of each set of joints
Figure FSA0000216906490000053
Figure FSA0000216906490000054
i∈(1，10)∪(27，36) (23)
2.6.3: according to the size of the drawing and the number of each group of joints, selecting a line segment with a certain length to represent a group of joints, and determining the scale L of the line segmentT；
2.6.4: to equal to the scale LTRepresented, most numerous set of joints
Figure FSA0000216906490000055
Length of line segment
Figure FSA0000216906490000056
Making a semicircle by taking the radius, making a north-south line and an east-west line by crossing the circle center, and marking an azimuth angle on the circumference;
Figure FSA0000216906490000057
2.6.5: for each group of joints TiAccording to the average trend
Figure FSA0000216906490000061
Making marks on the semi-circle for the azimuth angle, from the center of the circle to the radius of the mark point on the circumference, according to the number in the group
Figure FSA0000216906490000062
And scale LTSet out a point
Figure FSA0000216906490000063
The point represents the average trend and the number of joints of the group of joints;
Figure FSA0000216906490000064
2.6.6: are connected in sequence
Figure FSA0000216906490000065
And
Figure FSA0000216906490000066
if the certain group of the rational numbers is zero, the connection line returns to the circle center, and then the connection line is led out from the circle center to be connected with the next group;
2.6.7: and intelligently drawing a joint trend rose diagram.
CN202010822754.0A 2020-08-05 2020-08-05 Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane Withdrawn CN114078171A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010822754.0A CN114078171A (en) 2020-08-05 2020-08-05 Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010822754.0A CN114078171A (en) 2020-08-05 2020-08-05 Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114078171A true CN114078171A (en) 2022-02-22

Family

ID=80280988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010822754.0A Withdrawn CN114078171A (en) 2020-08-05 2020-08-05 Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114078171A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109993827B (en) Elevation view identification method for converting building drawing into three-dimensional BIM model
CN109949326B (en) Building contour line extraction method based on knapsack type three-dimensional laser point cloud data
CN111459166A (en) Scene map construction method containing position information of trapped people in post-disaster rescue environment
CN105045950A (en) Three-dimensional laser scan based bridge safety evaluation system
CN108830317B (en) Rapid and fine evaluation method for joint attitude of surface mine slope rock mass based on digital photogrammetry
CN114923433B (en) Method for improving paying-off efficiency and precision of special-shaped structure curtain wall
CN111145157A (en) Road network data automatic quality inspection method based on high-resolution remote sensing image
CN108801221B (en) Quick and fine dereferencing method for surface mine slope rock mass joint scale based on digital photogrammetry
CN114088015A (en) Rapid intelligent generation and sectioning method for rock three-dimensional fracture network model
CN112464513A (en) RQD based on photogrammetry and RQD inversiontOptimal threshold t solving method
CN114078171A (en) Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and trend rose diagram of rock mass structural plane
CN114092582A (en) Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and inclination angle rose diagram of rock mass structural plane
CN114092630A (en) Rapid and intelligent drawing method for polar point diagram and occurrence-like rose flower diagram of rock mass structural plane
CN114088014A (en) Intelligent drawing and sectioning system for three-dimensional fracture network model of rock mass
CN115883812A (en) Multi-sensor cooperative station distribution method based on particle swarm optimization
CN115661446A (en) Pointer instrument indication automatic reading system and method based on deep learning
CN114973017A (en) High-precision positioning method and system for power transmission and transformation equipment integrating remote sensing and GIS technology
CN114092596A (en) Rapid and automatic solving and drawing method for rock RQDt
CN114092584A (en) Intelligent drawing system for polar point diagram and occurrence-shaped rose diagram of rock mass structural plane
CN114092629A (en) Automatic drawing system for polar point diagram and occurrence rose diagram of structural plane
CN114092585A (en) Rapid intelligent solution drawing method for generalized RQD of rock mass
CN114092664A (en) Method for quickly and automatically drawing pole point diagram and occurrence-like rose diagram of structural plane
CN112132403A (en) RQD based on photogrammetry and BQ inversiontOptimal threshold t solving method
CN114092583A (en) Method for quickly and automatically drawing pole point diagram and trend rose diagram of structural surface
CN112132410A (en) Space RQD based on photogrammetry and BQ inversion optimal threshold ttSolving method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
WW01 Invention patent application withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20220222

WW01 Invention patent application withdrawn after publication