CN114070286A - Arbitrary routing radio frequency switch matrix - Google Patents
Arbitrary routing radio frequency switch matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN114070286A CN114070286A CN202111237938.1A CN202111237938A CN114070286A CN 114070286 A CN114070286 A CN 114070286A CN 202111237938 A CN202111237938 A CN 202111237938A CN 114070286 A CN114070286 A CN 114070286A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
- H03K17/62—Switching arrangements with several input- output-terminals, e.g. multiplexers, distributors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention provides an arbitrary routing radio frequency switch matrix, which is formed by N x N2-state switch IP units in a matrix form, wherein each 2-state switch IP unit is provided with four ports, namely an upper port, a lower port, a left port and a right port, the 2-state switch IP units in the matrix form are connected through adjacent ports to form a switch matrix, and the N ports, the upper port, the lower port, the left port and the right port of the switch matrix are used for external connection; the 2-state switch IP unit has two states of 1 state and 0 state, and when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the upper port is communicated with the left port; when the state is 0, the left port is communicated with the right port, and the upper port is communicated with the lower port. The scheme provided by the invention can realize the millimeter-scale radio frequency switch matrix with a planar structure, and can conveniently carry out system packaging integration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave radio frequency, in particular to an arbitrary routing radio frequency switch matrix.
Background
The rf switch matrix is an N-port network, which can distribute input signals to any output ports, and is generally used to control the opening and closing of rf paths, so as to control and change the flow direction of rf signals. In military communication, electronic warfare, signal information and other systems, the radio frequency switch matrix is connected with each radio frequency functional unit, such as an amplifier, a mixer, a filter, a matching network and the like, so that different application requirements can be met by using the same set of radio frequency front end, the development cost of the system is reduced, the development time is shortened, and the development process is simplified. The multifunctional integration of the radio frequency electronic equipment realized on the basis of the technology can obviously improve the comprehensive performance of the equipment, greatly improve the universality of the equipment and greatly improve the cost-effectiveness ratio of the equipment.
At present, most of radio frequency switch matrixes are stereoscopic structures in a case form, and are large in size and weight and inconvenient to miniaturize and integrate. According to different applications, the switches forming the radio frequency switch matrix can be realized based on different modes such as phase change materials, RF MEMS, PIN, FET and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the volume and the weight of the radio frequency switch matrix and facilitate plane integration, the invention provides an extensible random routing radio frequency switch matrix with a plane structure. The size of the radio frequency switch matrix is only millimeter magnitude, and the radio frequency switch matrix can be directly further integrated with a bare chip or a packaged chip.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a random routing radio frequency switch matrix is formed by N x N2-state switch IP units in a matrix form, each 2-state switch IP unit is provided with an upper port, a lower port, a left port and a right port, the 2-state switch IP units in the matrix form are connected through adjacent ports to form a switch matrix, and the upper port, the lower port, the left port and the right port of the switch matrix are all used for being externally connected; the 2-state switch IP unit has two states of 1 state and 0 state, and when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the upper port is communicated with the left port; when the state is 0, the left port is communicated with the right port, and the upper port is communicated with the lower port.
Further, the 2-state switch IP unit is composed of a first single-pole double-throw switch chip and a second single-pole double-throw switch chip, the first single-pole double-throw switch chip has a first input end, a first output end and a second output end, the second single-pole double-throw switch chip has a second input end, a third output end and a fourth output end; the first input end is connected with a left side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, the first output end is connected with a right side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, the second output end is connected with the fourth output end, the second input end is connected with an upper side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, and the third output end is connected with a lower side port of the 2-state switch IP unit.
Furthermore, the switch states of the first single-pole double-throw switch chip and the second single-pole double-throw switch chip are controlled by the same control signal to realize linkage, when the 2-state switch IP unit is in a 0 state, the first input end is contacted with the first output end, and the second input end is contacted with the third moving end; when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the first input end is contacted with the second output end, and the second input end is contacted with the fourth output end.
Furthermore, the N × N2-state switch IP units have a planar structure.
Furthermore, the N x N2-state switch IP units are integrated on the micro-rectangular coaxial composite substrate.
Furthermore, an attenuator and a corresponding decoding circuit are arranged at the output end of the radio frequency switch matrix and used for compensating loss.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the invention integrates the switch chip by adopting a micro-rectangular coaxial composite substrate process, designs the DC-18 GHz 4 multiplied by 4 radio frequency switch matrix, can realize a millimeter-scale planar structure switch matrix, and can conveniently carry out system packaging integration
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a radio frequency switch matrix according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is the 2-state IP topology described in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a micro-rectangular coaxial line model described in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an assembly view of the 2-state IP plane described in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a perspective assembly view of the 2-state IP described in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of loss compensation of the rf switch matrix according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an arbitrary routing radio frequency switch matrix, which is formed by N × N2-state switch IP units in a matrix form, each 2-state switch IP unit has four ports, i.e., an upper port, a lower port, a left port, a right port, and a left port, and the 2-state switch IP units in the matrix form are connected through adjacent ports to form a switch matrix, and N ports, i.e., the upper port, the lower port, the left port, the right port, and the left port, of the switch matrix are used for external connection; the 2-state switch IP unit has two states of 1 state and 0 state, and when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the upper port is communicated with the left port; when the state is 0, the left port is communicated with the right port, and the upper port is communicated with the lower port.
Specifically, the 2-state switch IP unit is composed of a first single-pole double-throw switch chip and a second single-pole double-throw switch chip, the first single-pole double-throw switch chip has a first input end, a first output end and a second output end, and the second single-pole double-throw switch chip has a second input end, a third output end and a fourth output end; the first input end is connected with a left side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, the first output end is connected with a right side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, the second output end is connected with the fourth output end, the second input end is connected with an upper side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, and the third output end is connected with a lower side port of the 2-state switch IP unit.
The switch states of the first single-pole double-throw switch chip and the second single-pole double-throw switch chip are controlled by the same control signal to realize linkage, when the 2-state switch IP unit is in a 0 state, the first input end is contacted with the first output end, and the second input end is contacted with the third output end; when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the first input end is contacted with the second output end, and the second input end is contacted with the fourth output end.
For ease of understanding, the present embodiment is illustrated with a4 × 4 rf switch matrix, and the topology can be easily extended to larger scale switch matrices. As shown in FIG. 1, 16 2-state IP unit circuits of a4 x 4 radio frequency switch matrix working at DC-18 GHz are integrated on a micro-rectangular coaxial composite substrate.
The 4 x 4 radio frequency switch matrix consists of 16 2-state switch IP cores, each in either a "0-state" or a "1-state". If the above-mentioned switches are regarded as matrix A4×4If the element in the matrix is 0 corresponding to "0" state and the element is 1 corresponding to "1" state, the matrix A is obtained4×4There is only one 1 in each row and column of (1), and the remaining elements are all 0. If it is necessary to connect the input nth port and the output mth port, a (n, m) may be set to 1. For example, the connection relationships of fig. 1, a1 to B3, a2 to B4, A3 to B2, and a4 to B3, the corresponding matrix would be:
the topology of each 2-state switch IP cell is shown in fig. 2. The single-pole double-throw switch comprises two single-pole double-throw switch chips, wherein the working frequency band of the single-pole double-throw switch chip is DC-18 GHz, the in-band insertion loss is less than 1.5dB, and the isolation is greater than 50 dB.
When the 2-state switch IP unit is set to be in a 0 state, the two switch chips select a lower port passage, two radio-frequency signal paths pass through the switch only once, a left node and a right node form a passage, an upper node and a lower node form a passage, and the signal loss is about 1.5 dB; and when the 2-state switch IP is in a1 state, both switches select an upper port passage, the passage passes through the two switch chips, the left node and the upper node form a passage, the lower node and the right node are disconnected, and the signal loss is about 3 dB.
The 2-state IP transmission line adopts a micro-rectangular coaxial line structure, and through modeling simulation, as shown in FIG. 3, signals are input from 4 ports and output from 3 ports, the distance between the two ports is 14.55mm, no vertical switching structure exists in the transmission line, and the insertion loss of the transmission lines at 10GHz, 20GHz and 40GHz is 0.075dB/cm, 0.12dB/cm and 0.165dB/cm respectively.
Signals are input from a port 1 and output from a port 2, the distance between the two ports is 16mm, the height of the vertical switching structure is 0.45mm, and the insertion loss at 10GHz, 20GHz and 40GHz is 0.076dB/cm, 0.12dB/cm and 0.167dB/cm respectively.
And meanwhile, the isolation of the structure is calculated, signals are input from 4 ports, and output from 1 port, so that the isolation of the structure at 10GHz, 20GHz and 40GHz is respectively-87.2 dB, -93.1dB and-85 dB. Because the isolation in DC-40GHz is far from-60 dB, the isolation of the crossed coaxial line structure can not be the limit point of the isolation of the whole switch matrix due to the upper layer and the lower layer.
The crosswires in fig. 3 are implemented using slightly rectangular coaxial transmission lines of different layers with signal shielding added in the middle layer. The transmission structure can realize extremely small signal transmission loss and isolation degree far higher than a switch chip, so that the transmission structure cannot be limited by the insertion loss and isolation degree indexes of the whole switch matrix during planar integration.
The plane assembly diagram and the three-dimensional structure of the switch chip are shown in fig. 4 and 5, the manufacturing method of the switch matrix is shown in the figure, 32 single-pole double-throw switch chips are assembled on a micro-rectangular coaxial composite substrate of the manufactured 4 x 4 radio frequency switch matrix, and the control input ends of the chips are led out to a specific position of the substrate in a unified mode. .
Further, as shown in fig. 6, in order to compensate for the path loss, 4.5dB fixed attenuators, 3dB fixed attenuators, 1.5dB fixed attenuators and pass-through circuit chips are respectively mounted on the B1-B4 channels behind the core portion of the 4 × 4 rf switch matrix, and a digital control attenuator and a corresponding decoding circuit with a step of 1.5dB and a total attenuation of 4.5dB are mounted on each channel.
The switch matrix provided by the invention can predict the path loss in advance, so that the loss compensation is carried out in a proper mode, and the consistent insertion loss of signals passing through different paths is ensured.
The losses of the rf switch matrix can be divided into intrinsic losses and losses due to different paths. The concrete description is as follows:
A) inherent insertion loss: due to the inherent structural characteristics of the 4 x 4 switch topological structure, the insertion loss is increased by 1.5dB by adding 1 column of signals from the 1 st column to the 4 th column through 1 '0-state' IP unit, so that the insertion loss is increased by 4.5dB at the output of the first column, the insertion loss is increased by 3dB at the second column, the insertion loss is increased by 1.5dB at the 3 rd column, and the insertion loss is not increased any more at the 4 th column;
B) insertion loss caused by different paths: for each column, the appearance of the "1 state" in different rows also causes inconsistency of insertion loss, when the "1 state" appears in the 1 st row, the insertion loss is minimum, and the insertion loss increases by 1.5dB every time the 1 st row is added. The column vector is thus (1,0,0,0)TWhen the control code is used, the decoder is used for decoding the (1000), and the attenuation of the insertion loss attenuator is thrown to be the control code corresponding to 4.5dB attenuation; the column vector is (0,1,0,0)TAdjusting the attenuation amount to a control code corresponding to 3dB attenuation; when the column vector is (0,0,1,0)TAdjusting the attenuation amount to be the control code corresponding to 1.5dB attenuation; when the column vector is (0,0,0,1)TAnd the attenuation amount is adjusted to be the control code corresponding to 0 dB.
Through the analysis, the insertion loss amount of each path is almost about 12dB no matter what path the signal passes through after attenuation compensation.
When the switch matrix needs to be expanded to NXN, only N needs to be adopted2The 2-state IPs are connected as described above and loss compensation is performed as described above.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed. Those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that insubstantial changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (6)
1. A random routing radio frequency switch matrix is characterized in that the random routing radio frequency switch matrix is formed by N x N2-state switch IP units in a matrix form, each 2-state switch IP unit is provided with four ports, namely an upper port, a lower port, a left port and a right port, the 2-state switch IP units in the matrix form are connected through adjacent ports to form a switch matrix, and the N ports, the upper port, the lower port, the left port and the right port of the switch matrix are used for being externally connected; the 2-state switch IP unit has two states of 1 state and 0 state, and when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the upper port is communicated with the left port; when the state is 0, the left port is communicated with the right port, and the upper port is communicated with the lower port.
2. The any-routed radio frequency switch matrix of claim 1, wherein the 2-state switch IP cell is comprised of a first single-pole double-throw switch chip having a first input, a first output, and a second single-pole double-throw switch chip having a second input, a third output, and a fourth output; the first input end is connected with a left side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, the first output end is connected with a right side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, the second output end is connected with the fourth output end, the second input end is connected with an upper side port of the 2-state switch IP unit, and the third output end is connected with a lower side port of the 2-state switch IP unit.
3. The RF switch matrix according to claim 2, wherein the switch states of the first SPDT chip and the second SPDT chip are controlled by the same control signal to realize linkage, and when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 0 state, the first input terminal is in contact with the first output terminal, and the second input terminal is in contact with the third output terminal; when the 2-state switch IP unit is in the 1 state, the first input end is contacted with the second output end, and the second input end is contacted with the fourth output end.
4. The matrix of any routing rf switches of claim 3, wherein the N x N2-state switch IP cells are planar.
5. The routed rf switch matrix of claim 4, wherein the N x N2-state switch IP units are integrated on a micro-rectangular coaxial composite substrate.
6. The RF switch matrix of claim 5, wherein the RF switch matrix output is provided with an attenuator and corresponding decoding circuit to compensate for loss.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114883301A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Chiplet-based microsystem reconfigurable network topology structure and implementation method |
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