CN114070066B - Synchronous rectification BUCK circuit and control method thereof - Google Patents
Synchronous rectification BUCK circuit and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114070066B CN114070066B CN202111528849.2A CN202111528849A CN114070066B CN 114070066 B CN114070066 B CN 114070066B CN 202111528849 A CN202111528849 A CN 202111528849A CN 114070066 B CN114070066 B CN 114070066B
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The synchronous rectification BUCK circuit comprises a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with a comparator, the output end of the controller is connected with a main power unit, the input end of the comparator is connected with a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit collects parameter information of the main power unit, and the threshold setting unit is internally provided with threshold ranges of different operation parameters. According to the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit, the synchronous rectifier current signal is collected, the threshold value setting unit sets the threshold value according to specific requirements, the comparator compares the current signal with the threshold value, the synchronous rectifier is powered off when the current of the synchronous rectifier is smaller than or equal to the threshold value, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and the comparator are added, the relation between synchronous rectifier control and output current is decoupled, the control algorithm is greatly simplified, the synchronous rectifier can still work in a DCM mode, and light load efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of basic control circuits, in particular to a synchronous rectification BUCK circuit.
Background
The BUCK circuit is a BUCK conversion circuit, and is composed of a main power part and a controller, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the main power part comprises a MOS tube Q1, a diode D1, an output inductor L1 and an output capacitor C1, the controller part collects relevant information of the circuit, such as output voltage V O or output current I O, on and off time of the MOS tube Q1 is calculated and drives the MOS tube Q1 to work, according to whether current of the output inductor L1 is continuous or not, the working mode of the BUCK circuit can be divided into a CCM mode under heavy load, a CRM mode and a DCM mode under light load, a waveform diagram of inductance currents of the three modes is shown in fig. 2, the CCM mode is a current continuous mode, inductance current is always greater than 0A, the CRM mode is a current critical mode, the inductance current immediately rises after the inductance current drops to 0A, the DCM mode is a current discontinuous mode, and the inductance current drops to 0A and delays and rises.
In order to improve efficiency, the diode D1 is generally replaced by a Synchronous Rectifier (SR), as shown in fig. 3, the diode D1 is replaced by a MOS transistor Q2, so as to obtain a synchronous rectification BUCK circuit, in general, in DCM mode, the synchronous rectifier is not enabled, the freewheeling is completed by its own diode, in CCM mode, the synchronous rectifier is enabled, therefore, the CRM mode is a boundary for synchronous rectifier control, and the calculation formula of the output current in the CRM mode is: Where V in is the input voltage, V o is the output voltage, F is the switching frequency, and L is the inductance.
As can be seen from the above, in the conventional synchronous rectification BUCK circuit, CRM points corresponding to different output voltages are different, i.e. control points of synchronous rectifiers of different output voltages are different, the control method is complex, and furthermore, the synchronous rectifiers are enabled only in CCM mode, so that only heavy load efficiency can be improved, but not light load efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a synchronous rectification BUCK circuit capable of improving light load efficiency and a rectification control method.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme:
the synchronous rectification BUCK circuit comprises a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with a comparator, the output end of the controller is connected with a main power unit, the input end of the comparator is connected with a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit is used for collecting parameter information of the main power unit, and the threshold setting unit is internally provided with threshold ranges of different operation parameters;
The main power unit comprises a MOS tube Q1, a synchronous rectifier, an output inductor L1 and an output capacitor C1, wherein the controller is connected with a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and the synchronous rectifier, a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with an input voltage V in, a source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with one end of the output inductor L1, the other end of the output inductor L1 is connected with an output voltage V o, one end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with the controller, the other end of the synchronous rectifier is grounded, one end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with a transmission branch of the MOS tube Q1 and the output inductor L1, the output capacitor C1 is connected between the output voltage V o and the ground, and a collection point of the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit is arranged on a branch between the output inductor L1 and the output voltage V o;
the comparator compares the parameter information acquired by the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit with a threshold range set in the threshold setting unit, and transmits a comparison result to the controller, and the controller controls the MOS tube Q1 and the synchronous rectifier to be turned on or turned off according to the comparison result.
Preferably, the synchronous rectifier is a MOS transistor Q2, a gate of the MOS transistor Q2 is connected to the controller, a source is grounded, and a drain is connected to a transmission branch of the MOS transistor Q1 and the output inductor L1.
Preferably, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit includes a current sampling chip, the current sampling chip is connected in series with the output inductor L1, one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the output inductor L1, one end is connected with the output voltage V o, and one end is connected with the input end of the comparator.
Preferably, the current sampling chip is a hall sampling chip.
Preferably, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit comprises a current transformer CT and a rectifying circuit D2, the current transformer CT is connected in series with the drain electrode of the MOS transistor Q2, and the rectifying circuit D2 is connected with the current transformer CT and the comparator.
Preferably, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit includes a resistor RES, the resistor RES is connected in series with the source electrode of the MOS transistor Q2, and the resistor RES is connected to the comparator.
Preferably, the threshold setting unit in the above embodiment may use a dc power supply.
Preferably, the controller may be combined with the threshold setting unit and the comparator, and the threshold setting unit and the comparator may be integrated into the controller to be a controller having a comparison function.
A control method of a synchronous rectification BUCK circuit comprises the following steps:
S1, presetting time thresholds TQ1 and T-TQ1 in a controller, collecting output voltage V o by a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit, and driving a MOS tube Q1 to be started by the controller;
S2, the controller judges whether the on time of the MOS tube Q1 reaches TQ1, if not, the MOS tube Q1 is continuously started, and if so, the controller drives the MOS tube Q1 to be turned off and drives the synchronous rectifier to be turned on;
S3, the controller judges whether the on time of the synchronous rectifier reaches T-TQ1, if not, the fourth step is carried out, and if so, the fifth step is carried out;
s4, acquiring data parameters of a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit by a comparator, if the current of the synchronous rectifier is smaller than or equal to the internal threshold of the threshold setting unit, transmitting a signal to a controller, if the current of the synchronous rectifier is larger than the threshold, not acting, judging whether the signal of the comparator is received by the controller, if not, returning to the third step, and if so, performing the fifth step;
s5, the controller drives the synchronous rectifier to be turned off, and the first step is returned.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
The synchronous rectification BUCK circuit comprises a BUCK main power unit, a controller, a comparator, a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit, wherein the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit collects current signals of a synchronous rectifier, the threshold setting unit sets a threshold according to specific requirements, the comparator compares the current signals with the threshold, when the synchronous rectification BUCK circuit works in a DCM mode or a CRM mode, the synchronous rectifier is powered off when the current of the synchronous rectifier is smaller than or equal to the threshold, the synchronous rectifier is powered off, the relationship between synchronous rectifier control and output current is decoupled through the added synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and the comparator, a control algorithm is greatly simplified, the synchronous rectifier can still work in the DCM mode, and light load efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a conventional basic BUCK circuit;
FIG. 2 is a graph of inductor current waveforms in three different modes of operation of a prior art BUCK circuit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a synchronous rectification BUCK circuit in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous rectification circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a control method of the synchronous rectification BUCK circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of the structural composition of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a structural view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 10 is another constituent of the circuit diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
The existing BUCK circuit adopts a diode D1, and a controller only controls the action of the MOS tube Q1, so that the control mode can not meet the requirement of light load efficiency.
As shown in fig. 4 and fig. 6, the synchronous rectification BUCK circuit of the present invention includes a controller, which is only a controller for processing a driving signal of data, and only can meet related requirements, for example, a single chip microcomputer of STM series is not limited to a type or model of controller and a control chip, an input end of the controller is connected with a comparator, an output end of the controller is connected with a main power unit, an input end of the comparator is connected with a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit collects parameter information of the main power unit, a threshold range of different operation parameters is set in the threshold setting unit, and a proper threshold is set by sampling signals of a current falling portion of an inductor, that is, by a current signal of the synchronous rectifier, the threshold is determined according to practical situations.
The main power unit comprises a MOS tube Q1, a synchronous rectifier, an output inductor L1 and an output capacitor C1, wherein a controller is connected with a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and the synchronous rectifier, a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with an input voltage V in, a source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with one end of the output inductor L1, the other end of the output inductor L1 is connected with an output voltage V o, one end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with the controller, the other end of the synchronous rectifier is grounded, one end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with a transmission branch circuit of the MOS tube Q1 and the output inductor L1, the output capacitor C1 is connected between the output voltage V o and the ground, and a collection point of a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit is arranged on a branch circuit between the output inductor L1 and the output voltage V o.
The comparator samples parameters acquired by the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit the information is compared with a threshold range set in the threshold setting unit, and transmitting the comparison result to a controller, wherein the controller controls the on or off of the MOS tube Q1 and the synchronous rectifier according to the comparison result.
The synchronous rectifier can be a MOS tube Q2, a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with the controller, a source electrode is grounded, a drain electrode is connected with a transmission branch of the MOS tube Q1 and the output inductor L1, and the current sampling chip can be a Hall sampling chip.
Various embodiments will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 7, a schematic circuit composition diagram of the first embodiment is as follows:
The synchronous rectifier current sampling unit comprises a current sampling chip, wherein the current sampling chip is connected with the output inductor L1 in series, one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the output inductor L1, one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the output voltage V o, and one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the input end of the comparator.
As shown in fig. 8, a schematic circuit composition diagram of the second embodiment is shown:
the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit comprises a current transformer CT and a rectifying circuit D2, wherein the current transformer CT is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q2 in series, and the rectifying circuit D2 is connected with the current transformer CT and the comparator.
As shown in fig. 9, a schematic circuit composition diagram of the third embodiment is as follows:
The synchronous rectifier current sampling unit comprises a resistor RES, the resistor RES is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 in series, and the resistor RES is connected with the comparator.
The threshold setting unit in the above three embodiments may use a dc power supply.
As shown in fig. 10, in the derivative structure of the BUCK circuit of the third embodiment, the controller is combined with the threshold setting unit and the comparator, and the threshold setting unit and the comparator are integrated into the controller to form the controller having the comparison function, and similarly, the controllers in the BUCK circuits of the first and second embodiments may be combined and updated to form the controller having the functions integrated into the controller.
In specific implementation, the control method of the synchronous rectification BUCK circuit, as shown in FIG. 5, comprises the following steps:
S1, presetting time thresholds TQ1 and T-TQ1 in a controller, collecting output voltage V o by a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit, and driving a MOS tube Q1 to be started by the controller;
S2, the controller judges whether the on time of the MOS tube Q1 reaches TQ1, if not, the MOS tube Q1 is continuously started, and if so, the controller drives the MOS tube Q1 to be turned off and drives the synchronous rectifier to be turned on;
S3, the controller judges whether the on time of the synchronous rectifier reaches T-TQ1, if not, the fourth step is carried out, and if so, the fifth step is carried out;
s4, acquiring data parameters of a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit by a comparator, if the current of the synchronous rectifier is smaller than or equal to the internal threshold of the threshold setting unit, transmitting a signal to a controller, if the current of the synchronous rectifier is larger than the threshold, not acting, judging whether the signal of the comparator is received by the controller, if not, returning to the third step, and if so, performing the fifth step;
s5, the controller drives the synchronous rectifier to be turned off, and the first step is returned.
The synchronous rectification BUCK circuit comprises BUCK main power, a controller, a comparator, a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit, wherein the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit collects current signals of a synchronous rectifier, the threshold setting unit sets a threshold according to specific requirements, the comparator compares the current signals with the threshold, when the synchronous rectification BUCK circuit works in a DCM mode or a CRM mode, the synchronous rectifier current is smaller than or equal to the threshold, the synchronous rectifier is driven to be closed, the relationship between synchronous rectifier control and output current is decoupled through the added synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and the comparator, a control algorithm is greatly simplified, the synchronous rectifier can still work in the DCM mode, and light load efficiency is improved.
It should be emphasized that the examples described herein are illustrative rather than limiting, and therefore the invention is not limited to the examples described in the detailed description, but rather falls within the scope of the invention as defined by other embodiments derived from the technical solutions of the invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A synchronous rectification BUCK circuit is characterized in that: the synchronous rectifier current sampling device comprises a controller, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with a comparator, the output end of the controller is connected with a main power unit, the input end of the comparator is connected with a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit, the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit collects parameter information of the main power unit, and the threshold setting unit is internally provided with threshold ranges of different operation parameters;
The main power unit comprises a MOS tube Q1, a synchronous rectifier, an output inductor L1 and an output capacitor C1, wherein the controller is connected with a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and the synchronous rectifier, a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with an input voltage Vin, a source electrode of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with one end of the output inductor L1, the other end of the output inductor L1 is connected with an output voltage Vo, one end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with the controller, one end of the synchronous rectifier is grounded, one end of the synchronous rectifier is connected with a transmission branch of the MOS tube Q1 and the output inductor L1, the output capacitor C1 is connected between the output voltage Vo and the ground, and a collection point of the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit is arranged on a branch between the output inductor L1 and the output voltage Vo;
The synchronous rectifier is an MOS tube Q2, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with the controller, the source electrode is grounded, and the drain electrode is connected with the MOS tube Q1 and the transmission branch of the output inductor L1;
The synchronous rectifier current sampling unit comprises a current sampling chip, the current sampling chip is connected with the output inductor L1 in series, one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the output inductor L1, one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the output voltage Vo, and one end of the current sampling chip is connected with the input end of the comparator;
The synchronous rectifier current sampling unit further comprises a current transformer CT and a rectifying circuit D2, the current transformer CT is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube Q2 in series, and the rectifying circuit D2 is connected with the current transformer CT and the comparator;
The synchronous rectifier current sampling unit further comprises a resistor RES, the resistor RES is connected with the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 in series, and the resistor RES is connected with the comparator;
the comparator compares the parameter information acquired by the synchronous rectifier current sampling unit with a threshold range set in the threshold setting unit, and transmits a comparison result to the controller, and the controller controls the MOS tube Q1 and the synchronous rectifier to be turned on or turned off according to the comparison result.
2. The synchronous rectification BUCK circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the current sampling chip is a Hall sampling chip.
3. The synchronous rectification BUCK circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the threshold setting unit adopts a direct current power supply.
4. The synchronous rectification BUCK circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the controller is combined with the threshold setting unit and the comparator, and the threshold setting unit and the comparator are integrated in the controller.
5. A control method of a synchronous rectification BUCK circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, presetting time thresholds TQ1 and T-TQ1 in a controller, collecting output voltage Vo by a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit, and driving an MOS tube Q1 to be started by the controller;
S2, the controller judges whether the on time of the MOS tube Q1 reaches TQ1, if not, the MOS tube Q1 is continuously started, and if so, the controller drives the MOS tube Q1 to be turned off and drives the synchronous rectifier to be turned on;
S3, the controller judges whether the on time of the synchronous rectifier reaches T-TQ1, if not, the fourth step is carried out, and if so, the fifth step is carried out;
s4, acquiring data parameters of a synchronous rectifier current sampling unit and a threshold setting unit by a comparator, if the current of the synchronous rectifier is smaller than or equal to the internal threshold of the threshold setting unit, transmitting a signal to a controller, if the current of the synchronous rectifier is larger than the threshold, not acting, judging whether the signal of the comparator is received by the controller, if not, returning to the third step, and if so, performing the fifth step;
s5, the controller drives the synchronous rectifier to be turned off, and the first step is returned.
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CN112865541A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-28 | 成都启臣微电子股份有限公司 | Synchronous rectification controller, synchronous rectification system and synchronous rectification control method |
CN216599427U (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-05-24 | 杭州铂科电子有限公司 | Synchronous rectification BUCK circuit |
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CN102723856B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-06-25 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | Synchronous rectifier control circuit and switch power supply employing same |
CN109713921B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-07-06 | 西安矽力杰半导体技术有限公司 | Synchronous rectification control circuit, control method and switching circuit |
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CN216599427U (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-05-24 | 杭州铂科电子有限公司 | Synchronous rectification BUCK circuit |
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