CN114069882B - Self-powered low-voltage power supply system of high-voltage power cable and control method thereof - Google Patents
Self-powered low-voltage power supply system of high-voltage power cable and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114069882B CN114069882B CN202111352667.4A CN202111352667A CN114069882B CN 114069882 B CN114069882 B CN 114069882B CN 202111352667 A CN202111352667 A CN 202111352667A CN 114069882 B CN114069882 B CN 114069882B
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-powered low-voltage power supply system of a high-voltage power cable, which comprises an energy capturing unit, a power processing unit, a super capacitor and a power conversion unit. The invention utilizes the power cable to acquire energy and constructs a self-powered low-voltage power supply through a reasonable system structure and a control method, and provides a dynamic power factor correction solution, namely a power factor correction of a non-sinusoidal waveform and a dynamic regulation control scheme of a target output voltage, thereby reducing harmonic waves and improving the system performance; or dynamic impedance matching may be employed to increase power output capability. The invention can provide low-cost and high-reliability self-powered power supply for various electronic equipment along the line of the power cable, such as bird repeller, video monitoring, wireless communication equipment and the like, thereby improving the reliability and flexibility of the power system and reducing the monitoring and operation cost of the power system; the invention has simple structure, adopts innovative technical proposal, has low cost and has wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power supply technology and power correction, in particular to a self-powered low-voltage power supply system of a high-voltage power cable and a control method thereof.
Background
In order to improve the safety and reliability of the power system, a bird repellent device is required to be additionally arranged on the power cable to avoid short circuit, and monitoring equipment is additionally arranged to monitor the surrounding environment of the power cable. The access of these devices may improve the monitoring capability and informatization level of the power system, while these devices require low voltage power. The power cable has high voltage but no low voltage power supply, so that electronic equipment such as bird repeller, video monitoring, freezing monitoring, wireless communication equipment and the like can not be accessed near the line, and the addition of related functions forms a brake.
In order to obtain higher power or efficiency of the load, a low-voltage power supply needs to be added into a power processing unit, for example, a power factor correction or impedance matching technical means is adopted, and the magnetic element has a magnetic saturation problem, so that the waveform of the output voltage of the magnetic element is distorted, and when the magnetic element is used as a current stage, a later-stage circuit of the magnetic element is more complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that a high-voltage power cable acquires a self-powered low-voltage power supply along a line, the first aim of the invention is to provide a self-powered low-voltage power supply system of the high-voltage power cable, which realizes the isolation and the capture of electric energy by using the power cable and adopts a corresponding control method to construct the self-powered low-voltage power supply to supply power for related electronic equipment.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a control method of a self-powered low-voltage power supply system of a high-voltage power cable.
The first object of the present invention is achieved by:
a self-powered low-voltage power system of a high-voltage power cable is characterized in that: the power conversion device comprises an energy capturing unit, a power processing unit, a super capacitor and a power conversion unit, wherein the output end of the energy capturing unit is connected with the input end of the power processing unit, the output end of the power processing unit is connected with the input ends of the super capacitor and the power conversion unit, the input end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the output end of the power conversion unit is connected with a load.
The energy capturing unit is used for capturing energy, a current transformer CT is used as an electricity taking device, the current transformer CT is directly arranged on one phase of power cable of the three-phase power cable, and when current i flows in the phase of power cable, the current transformer CT is used for capturing energy and supplying power to the dynamic power factor correction unit; since the current i in the phase power cable is not controllable, the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT As a function of the current i in the phase power cable.
Due to the change of the current i of the phase power cableLarge, thus the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT The change of (a) is also large, and if the target output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit is set to be constant, the duty ratio d of the power device is easily small, the harmonic component is large, and the loss is increased.
The power processing unit is a dynamic power factor correction unit or an impedance matching unit.
The dynamic PFC unit can perform the functions of non-sinusoidal PFC and target output voltage dynamic control, i.e. regardless of the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Whether or not it is sinusoidal, the output current i of the energy capturing unit CT Waveform strictly tracks output voltage u CT Waveform, and make the waveforms and phases consistent, and target output voltage U of dynamic power factor correction unit R According to the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT And the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor is dynamically adjusted. The dynamic power factor correction unit can complete the Power Factor Correction (PFC) function and the charging function of the super capacitor, and the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor complete the power supply task to the power conversion unit.
The impedance matching unit does not perform power factor correction, realizes dynamic impedance matching by a dynamic power adjustment scheme, completes the function of charging the super capacitor, completes the task of supplying power to the power conversion unit together with the super capacitor, and dynamically adjusts the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor.
The super capacitor realizes energy storage and release through charging of the power processing unit and system power control.
The power conversion unit converts the input direct current of the power processing unit or the super capacitor into alternating current/direct current voltage output required by an actual electronic load.
When the output of the power conversion unit is direct current, the power conversion unit selects a direct-direct (DC-DC) conversion topology circuit, and when the output direct current voltage of the power conversion unit and the change of the direct current bus voltage U are large, the power conversion unit selects a buck-boost topology; when the output of the power conversion unit is alternating current, the power conversion unit selects a DC-AC inversion topological circuit, and a general topological circuit can be selected, so that the DC-DC direct-direct conversion topological circuit can be used for DC-AC inversion. When the power conversion unit selects the universal topology circuit, the flexibility and the universality are improved.
System energy and power flow direction: when the current i exists in the power cable, the energy capturing unit captures energy and supplies power to the power processing unit, the power processing unit supplies power to the super capacitor and the power conversion unit, and the voltage of the super capacitor is the same as the output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit; when the current i is not in the power cable, the super capacitor supplies power to the power conversion unit completely, and when the current i is in the power cable but the power supplied by the power processing unit is insufficient, the power processing unit and the super capacitor supply power to the power conversion unit together. The suppression power processing unit provides instantaneous high-power response speed, so that the power processing unit does not provide instantaneous high power, steady-state power of the power processing unit is not suppressed, only overcurrent protection is added, the instantaneous high power is provided by the super capacitor, and the super capacitor is directly connected with the direct current bus and does not limit the power providing capability of the super capacitor.
The invention adopts self-powered technology to capture energy and has energy storage capacity, and provides a dynamic power factor correction control method, namely non-sinusoidal waveform power factor correction and target output voltage dynamic control.
The second object of the present invention is achieved by:
a control method of a self-powered low-voltage power system of a high-voltage power cable is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the control algorithm of the dynamic power factor correction unit is as follows: regardless of the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Whether or not it is sinusoidal, the output current i of the energy capturing unit CT Waveform strictly tracks output voltage u CT The waveform enables the waveform and the phase to be consistent; target output voltage U of dynamic power factor correction unit R According to the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT And the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor is dynamically adjusted, namely: u (U) R ＝f(u CT U), the specific algorithm is as follows:
wherein U is the current DC bus/super capacitor voltage, U R For the target output voltage, U CT Is u CT Is a magnitude of (a); u (U) UC Rated value of super capacitor; k (K) 1 、K 2 Is a preset constant according to the actual working condition, and K 1 <K 2 ；R UC Is the internal resistance of the super capacitor; i 1 、I 2 Are all set current values and I 1 <I 2 ；
1) When the power cable current i is small, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Is also small, its output voltage U CT The amplitude is smaller, U CT <K 1 Control the target output voltage U R =u, not charging the supercapacitor; at this time, the output current I due to the dynamic PFC unit B It is very small that the light-emitting diode is,
2) When the power cable current i is large, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also large, its output voltage U CT The amplitude is also high, K 1 <U CT <K 2 Control the target output voltage U R ＝U+I 1 *R UC Charging the super capacitor;
3) When the power cable current i is large, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also large, its output voltage U CT Amplitude is also high, U CT <K 2 Control the target output voltage U R ＝U+I 2 *R UC Charging the super capacitor with a large current;
4) When U is more than or equal to U UC And when the voltage of the super capacitor is larger than or equal to the rated voltage of the super capacitor, the overvoltage protection is implemented, and the dynamic power factor correction unit is closed to avoid the overcharge of the super capacitor.
Or, a control method of a self-powered low-voltage power supply system of a high-voltage power cable is characterized by comprising the following steps: impedance matching unit control algorithmThe control aim of the method is to obtain the maximum power, so that the impedance matching unit tracks the maximum output power p of the energy capturing unit when different currents i CT_max The impedance at the time of the manufacture,
R CTO a dynamic response output impedance for the energy capture unit;
R CTO_P =f (i) and p CT ＝p CT_max ，p CT Output power of energy capturing unit at current i, p CT_max Maximum output power, maximum power impedance R, of the energy capture unit at current i CTO_P An output impedance at maximum output power of the energy capturing unit;
R in dynamically responding to an input impedance for an impedance matching unit;
the impedance matching unit control algorithm is used for controlling the input impedance R of the impedance matching unit in ＝R CTO_P I.e. R in =f (i) and p CT ＝p CT_max And the input power of the impedance matching unit is p CT_max ；
The impedance matching unit realizes dynamic impedance matching by a dynamic power adjustment scheme, adopts a dynamic optimizing algorithm, and is due to u CT The larger p CT_max The larger the initial value of p is set, the larger.
By adopting a dynamic bus voltage scheme, the super capacitor has three basic functions: 1) Energy storage and release; 2) The output filter capacitor C of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor form a capacitor+super capacitor (C+UC) composite filter capacitor structure to provide instantaneous high power; 3) The output impedance of the dynamic power factor correction unit is reduced, and the cascade stability of the system is enhanced.
The circuit topology of the power processing unit consists of a power switch S1, a power switch S2, a power switch S3, a power switch S4, a power switch S5, an inductor L and a capacitor C, and u CT For input ofOne end A of the power switches S1 and S3 is connected with u CT One end C of the inductor L is connected with the other end C of the power switch S1, one end C of the power switch S2 and one end C of the power switch S5 are connected with one end E of the capacitor C, the other end E of the power switch S5 is connected with one end B of the power switch S2 and one end B of the power switch S4 are connected with u CT The other end D of the power switch S3, the other end D of the power switch S4, the other end D of the inductor L and the other end D of the capacitor C are connected in parallel with the subsequent unit, and direct current U is output;
the power processing unit circuit has two kinds of working conditions, namely working condition 1: u (u) CT Positive, condition 2: u (u) CT Negative;
the working condition 1 is as follows: u (u) CT In order to be positive, T epsilon (0, dT), the on time is dT, T is the period time, the power switches S3 and S2 are turned on, the others are turned off, and the current flows through u CT (A)→S3→L→S2→u CT (B) Inductance L is from u CT Obtaining energy and storing the energy; u (u) CT In order to be positive, T epsilon (dT, T), the on time is (1-D) T, the power switch S5 is turned on, other power switches are turned off, current flows through L (D), S5, C, L (D), and the inductor L releases energy;
the working condition 2: u (u) CT When negative, T epsilon (0, dT), the on time is dT, T is the period time, the power switches S1 and S4 are turned on, the others are turned off, and the current flows through u CT (B)→S4→L→S1→u CT (A) Inductance L is from u CT Obtaining energy and storing the energy; u (u) CT When negative, T epsilon (dT, T), the on time is (1-D) T, the power switch S5 is turned on, the other power switches are turned off, the current flows through L (D), S5, C, L (D), and the inductor L releases energy.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention utilizes the power cable to acquire energy and constructs a self-powered low-voltage power supply through a reasonable system structure and a control method, and provides a dynamic power factor correction solution, namely a power factor correction of a non-sinusoidal waveform and a dynamic regulation control scheme of a target output voltage, thereby reducing harmonic waves and improving the system performance; or dynamic impedance matching may be employed to increase power output capability.
The invention can provide low-cost and high-reliability self-powered power supply for various electronic equipment along the line of the power cable, such as bird repeller, video monitoring, wireless communication equipment and the like, thereby improving the reliability and flexibility of the power system and reducing the monitoring and operation cost of the power system; the invention has simple structure, adopts innovative technical proposal, has low cost and has wide market application prospect.
The invention can be used for the overhead line system of a railway system or other similar application occasions besides the high-voltage power cable of the power system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an energy capture unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a system scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a DC bus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology of the power handling unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a power handling unit operating mode 1: a positive working schematic diagram, wherein: a is inductance L from u CT A schematic diagram of obtaining energy and storing the energy, b is a schematic diagram of releasing the energy by the inductor L;
FIG. 8 is a power handling unit operating mode 2: a negative working schematic diagram, wherein: a is inductance L from u CT A schematic diagram of obtaining energy and storing the energy, b is a schematic diagram of releasing the energy by the inductor L;
fig. 9 is a main circuit diagram of a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) based power processing unit.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the energy capturing unit of the present invention.
The energy acquisition unit is used for capturing energy and is formed by connecting an energy acquisition subunit and an overvoltage protection subunit in series, wherein: the energy harvesting subunit completes energy harvestingThe overvoltage protection subunit performs overvoltage protection. The energy acquisition subunit is composed of a current transformer CT, wherein the primary side of the current transformer CT is an electric overhead line, and the secondary side of the current transformer CT is an output; the overvoltage protection subunit is composed of a piezoresistor R 1 -R 3 Safety capacitor C 1 -C 3 With a bidirectional transient voltage suppression diode TVS, wherein C 1 、C 2 Is Y capacitance, C 3 Is X capacitance.
The energy acquisition subunit of the invention acquires energy by using the power cable, and generates a magnetic field phi when a current i flows in the power cable:
in the formula (1), N P The current transformer has the primary side with turns, i being equivalent magnetic length, S being equivalent sectional area and mu being magnetic permeability.
The secondary side of the current transformer CT will generate an AC output voltage u CT ：
In the formula (2), N S Is the number of turns on the secondary side of the current transformer.
Therefore, when a current i flows in the power cable, the secondary side of the current transformer CT generates an alternating current output voltage u CT ，i CT The current is the output current of the CT secondary side of the current transformer. Output voltage u of CT secondary side of current transformer CT As the current i increases, the magnetic saturation problem is noted during design. If the current i is smaller, the number of turns N of the primary side of the current transformer CT can be properly increased P To increase u CT The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the N cannot be increased in practical application P The number of turns N of the secondary side of the current transformer CT is needed S Appropriately enlarged.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a system scheme of the present invention.
The self-powered low-voltage power supply system of the high-voltage power cable comprises an energy capturing unit, a power processing unit, a super capacitor and a power conversion unit, wherein the output end of the energy capturing unit is connected with the input end of the power processing unit, the output end of the power processing unit is connected with the input end of the super capacitor and the input end of the power conversion unit, the input end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the output end of the power conversion unit is connected with a load.
Example 1:
fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The self-powered low-voltage power supply system of the high-voltage power cable of embodiment 1 comprises an energy capturing unit, a dynamic power factor correction unit, a super capacitor and a power conversion unit. The output end of the energy capturing unit is connected with the input end of the dynamic power factor correction unit, the output end of the dynamic power factor correction unit is connected with the input end of the super capacitor and the input end of the power conversion unit, the input end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the output end of the power conversion unit is connected with a load. The output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit in embodiment 1, the voltage of the super capacitor and the voltage of the dc bus are the same, and are all U and dynamically changed with the capacity change of the super capacitor.
The energy capturing unit takes a current transformer CT as an electricity taking device, is directly arranged on one phase of power cables of the three-phase power cables, and carries out energy capturing and supplies power to the dynamic power factor correction unit when current i flows in the phase of power cables; since the current i in the phase power cable is not controllable, the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT As the current i in the phase power cable changes.
The dynamic PFC unit performs a PFC function, i.e. irrespective of the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Whether or not it is sinusoidal, the output current i of the energy capturing unit CT Waveform strictly tracks output voltage u CT Waveform, make the waveform and phase of the two identical, and the target output voltage U of the unit R According to energy capture unitsOutput voltage u CT And the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor is dynamically adjusted. The dynamic power factor correction unit completes a Power Factor Correction (PFC) function and a charging function of the super capacitor, and the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor complete a power supply task to the power conversion unit.
The U is R Is the target output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit and is dynamic, U R The expected voltage at the next moment of the DC bus voltage U is also obtained by controlling the charging current I of the super capacitor in actual control 1 To realize the method.
The super capacitor is reasonably controlled by a system to realize energy storage and release; the super capacitor is an energy storage device and can be regarded as a part of a filter capacitor of the dynamic power factor correction unit, so that the output impedance of the dynamic power factor correction unit can be greatly reduced, and the stability of the system is improved.
The power conversion unit converts the input direct current of the dynamic power factor correction unit or the super capacitor into alternating current/direct current voltage output required by the electronic load. When the output of the power conversion unit is direct current, the power conversion unit selects a direct-direct conversion topological circuit, and when the voltage U of a direct current bus is changed greatly, the power conversion unit selects a step-up and step-down direct-direct conversion topology; when the output of the power conversion unit is alternating current, the power conversion unit selects a DC-AC inversion topological circuit or other proper topological circuits according to actual needs.
Energy and power flow: in this embodiment 1, when there is a current i in one phase of the three-phase power cables, the energy capturing unit performs energy capturing, and the power processing unit supplies power to the super capacitor and the power conversion unit, where the voltage of the super capacitor is the same as the output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit; when no current i exists in one phase of the three-phase power cables, the super capacitor supplies power to the power conversion unit completely, and when the current i exists in one phase of the power cables, but the power provided by the dynamic power factor correction unit is insufficient, the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor supply power to the power conversion unit together. The dynamic power factor correction unit is restrained from providing instantaneous high-power response speed, so that the dynamic power factor correction unit does not provide instantaneous high power, steady-state power of the dynamic power factor correction unit is not restrained, overcurrent protection is only added, the instantaneous high power is provided by the super capacitor, and the super capacitor is directly connected with the direct-current bus and does not limit the power providing capability of the super capacitor.
In embodiment 1, when the variation range of the current i flowing through the one-phase power cable is large, the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT The variation range is large, e.g. the target output voltage U of the dynamic PFC unit R Setting the power device as a constant is easy to cause that the duty ratio d of the power device of the dynamic power factor correction unit is too small and the harmonic component is too large and the loss is increased, so that a target output voltage dynamic control scheme of the dynamic power factor correction unit is adopted, and the control algorithm of the dynamic power factor correction unit is as follows:
in embodiment 1, unlike the conventional sine wave power factor correction scheme, the dynamic power factor correction unit completes the power factor correction function, i.e., regardless of the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Whether or not it is sinusoidal, the output current i of the energy capturing unit CT Waveform strictly tracks output voltage u CT The waveform enables the waveform and the phase to be consistent; target output voltage U of dynamic power factor correction unit R According to the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT And the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor is dynamically adjusted, namely: u (U) R ＝f(u CT U), the specific algorithm is as follows:
in the formula (3), U is the current time t 1 Direct current busbar/super capacitor voltage of (U) R For the target output voltage of the dynamic PFC unit, i.e. the desired next time t 2 Voltage of DC bus/super capacitor, U CT Is u CT Is a magnitude of (a); u (U) UC Rated value of super capacitor; k (K) 1 、K 2 Is based onPreset constant of actual working condition, and K 1 <K 2 ；R UC Is the internal resistance of the super capacitor; i 1 、I 2 Are all set current values and I 1 <I 2 。
1) When the power cable current i is small, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also small, the energy capturing unit outputs a voltage U CT The amplitude is smaller, U CT <K 1 Control command dynamic power factor correction unit target output voltage U R =u, without charging the supercapacitor. At this time, the output current I due to the dynamic PFC unit B Is very small;
2) When the power cable current i is large, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also large, the energy capturing unit outputs a voltage U CT The amplitude is also high, K 1 <U CT <K 2 Control command dynamic power factor correction unit target output voltage U R ＝U+I 1 *R UC And charging the super capacitor.
3) When the power cable current i is large, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also large, the energy capturing unit outputs a voltage U CT Amplitude is also high, U CT <K 2 Control command dynamic power factor correction unit target output voltage U R ＝U+I 2 *R UC The super capacitor is charged with a large current.
4) When U is more than or equal to U UC When the voltage of the super capacitor is larger than or equal to the rated voltage U of the super capacitor UC And when the super capacitor is in a super capacitor over-charge state, the dynamic power factor correction unit is turned off to avoid the over-charge of the super capacitor.
In embodiment 1, a dynamic bus voltage scheme is adopted, i.e. the voltage U of the DC bus/super capacitor will slowly rise during charging, and the target output voltage U R And also rises.
In this example 1, I 1 、I 2 The current values are set, and the actual control is recommended to be realized by adopting a constant current control scheme for the super capacitor. For convenience of description (3) adopts I 1 、I 2 Two current examples, in practical applicationCan use a single current I 1 Or a plurality of currents I of different magnitudes 1 、I 2 、I 3 ……。
In this embodiment 1, the dynamic power factor correction unit performs a function of charging the super capacitor in addition to a Power Factor Correction (PFC) function.
The embodiment 1 provides a novel buck-Boost rectification topology for a dynamic power factor correction unit, and can also simply adopt a bridge rectification and Boost power factor correction circuit and a Bridgeless power factor correction circuit (Bridgeless PFC) mode with better efficiency, and for the latter two traditional schemes, the professional technicians can design the two traditional schemes without giving specific designs.
Example 2:
fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The structure of embodiment 2 is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, except that: the power processing unit is an impedance matching unit.
The energy capturing unit has magnetic saturation characteristics, and outputs a voltage u when the equivalent load of the energy capturing unit is overlarge CT And drops rapidly, resulting in a decrease in the energy capture unit output power. In order to obtain the maximum power, the impedance matching unit is used for completing the charging of the super capacitor, and the input impedance of the impedance matching unit tracks the output impedance of the energy capturing unit to implement impedance matching. The saturation characteristic energy capturing unit of the magnetic element is a dynamic resistor, and when the load changes due to the fact that the current i in the power cable is unchanged, the output impedance of the energy capturing unit changes; when the current i changes and the load does not change, the output impedance of the energy capturing unit also changes. Therefore, the impedance matching needs to be dynamically tracked, i.e. the later stage unit of the energy capturing unit is dynamically impedance controlled.
The control objective of the control algorithm of the impedance matching unit is to obtain the maximum power, so that the impedance matching unit tracks the maximum output power p of the energy capturing unit when different currents i CT_max The impedance at that time, thus simplifying the impedance matching control algorithm.
R CTO Is the dynamic response output impedance of the energy capturing unit.
R CTO_P =f (i) and p CT ＝p CT_max ，p CT Output power of energy capturing unit at current i, p CT_max Maximum output power, maximum power impedance R, of the energy capture unit at current i CTO_P Is the output impedance at the maximum output power of the energy capturing unit.
R in The impedance matching unit is dynamically responsive to the input impedance.
The impedance matching unit control algorithm is used for controlling the input impedance R of the impedance matching unit in ＝R CTO_P I.e. R in =f (i) and p CT ＝p CT_max And the input power of the impedance matching unit is p CT_max 。
The purpose of obtaining the maximum power is not to enable the energy capturing unit to output the maximum power, but to rapidly charge the super capacitor, so that the charging time is shortened. The algorithm of the impedance matching unit can be realized by adopting the output power detection scheme of the unit, namely the detection of I B 、U BUS And calculates p=i B gU BUS Is of a size of (a) and (b).
The impedance matching unit realizes dynamic impedance matching by a dynamic power adjustment scheme, adopts a dynamic optimizing algorithm, and is due to u CT The larger p CT_max The larger the initial value of p is set, the larger. The bus voltage adopts a dynamic bus voltage scheme.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dc bus of the present invention.
The embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention both adopt dynamic bus voltage scheme, i.e. the DC bus/super capacitor voltage U will slowly rise during charging, while the target output voltage U R And also rises.
In embodiments 1 and 2, the supercapacitor UC and the output filter capacitor C of the power processing unit form a capacitor+supercapacitor (c+uc) composite filter capacitor structure, and the power processing unit is a dynamic power factor correction unit for embodiment 1 and an impedance matching unit for embodiment 2.
The output filter capacitor C of the recommended power processing unit selects a metal film capacitor with smaller internal resistance; the capacitor C+super capacitor (C+UC) structure can be regarded as a composite filter capacitor structure of the power processing unit, so that the direct current bus has stronger energy buffering capacity, and the power conversion unit is mainly provided by the super capacitor when needing instantaneous high power; meanwhile, the output impedance of the power processing unit is reduced, and the cascade stability of the power processing unit and the whole system is enhanced.
In the embodiments 1 and 2, the charge management SOC of the super capacitor is relatively simple by controlling the super capacitor voltage U BUS Its charge management can be achieved.
Further, in embodiments 1 and 2, the super capacitor has three basic functions by adopting a dynamic bus voltage scheme: 1) Energy storage and release; 2) The output filter capacitor C of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor form a capacitor+super capacitor (C+UC) composite filter capacitor structure to provide instantaneous high power; 3) The output impedance of the dynamic power factor correction unit is reduced, and the cascade stability of the system is enhanced.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit topology of the power handling unit of the present invention.
The power processing unit corresponds to the embodiment 1 being a dynamic power factor correction unit, and corresponds to the embodiment 2 being an impedance matching unit.
When the output of the power conversion unit is direct current, the power conversion unit selects a direct-direct (DC-DC) conversion topology circuit, and when the output direct current voltage of the power conversion unit and the change of the direct current bus voltage U are large, the power conversion unit selects a buck-boost topology; when the output of the power conversion unit is alternating current, the power conversion unit selects a DC-AC inversion topological circuit, and a general topological circuit can be selected, so that the DC-DC direct-direct conversion topological circuit can be used for DC-AC inversion.
The power processing units described in embodiments 1 and 2 all employ boostStep-down rectification topology, i.e. identical circuit topology and different control targets, the power processing unit has the function of charging the energy storage unit, and the output voltage u of the energy acquisition unit CT The voltage of the energy storage unit is also a variable quantity along with the change of the current i of the power cable, so that the embodiment adopts a voltage-increasing and voltage-decreasing topology with stronger energy for coping with the voltage change and can obtain the output voltage u of the unit according to the energy CT The magnitude of the voltage U and the magnitude of the energy storage unit are flexibly adjusted.
The circuit topology of the power processing unit consists of a power switch S1, a power switch S2, a power switch S3, a power switch S4, a power switch S5, an inductor L and a capacitor C, and u CT For input end, one end A of the power switches S1, S3 is connected with u CT One end C of the inductor L is connected with the other end C of the power switch S1, one end C of the power switch S2 and one end C of the power switch S5 are connected with one end E of the capacitor C, the other end E of the power switch S5 is connected with one end B of the power switch S2 and one end B of the power switch S4 are connected with u CT The other end D of the power switch S3, the other end D of the power switch S4, the other end D of the inductor L and the other end D of the capacitor C are connected in parallel with the subsequent unit, and the capacitor C outputs direct current U.
The power processing units described in embodiments 1 and 2 have two types of working conditions, working condition 1: u (u) CT Positive, condition 2: u (u) CT Is negative.
FIG. 7 is a power handling unit operating mode 1: u (u) CT Is a positive working principle diagram.
The working condition 1 of the power processing unit of the system in this embodiment is: u (u) CT The working principle is positive:
the working condition 1 is as follows: in FIG. 7- (a), u CT In order to be positive, T epsilon (0, dT), the on time is dT, T is the period time, the power switches S3 and S2 are turned on, the others are turned off, and the current flows through u CT (A)→S3→L→S2→u CT (B) Inductance L is from u CT Obtaining energy and storing the energy;
in FIG. 7- (b), u CT In order to be positive, T epsilon (dT, T), the on time is (1-D) T, the power switch S5 is turned on, the other power switches are turned off, the current flows through L (D), S5, C, L (D), and the inductor L releases energy。
FIG. 8 is a power handling unit operating mode 2: u (u) CT Is a negative working principle diagram.
The working condition 2 of the power processing unit in this embodiment is as follows: u (u) CT The working principle is negative:
the working condition 2: in FIG. 8- (a), u CT When negative, T epsilon (0, dT), the on time is dT, T is the period time, the power switches S1 and S4 are turned on, the others are turned off, and the current flows through u CT (B)→S4→L→S1→u CT (A) Inductance L is from u CT Obtaining energy and storing the energy;
in FIG. 8- (b), u CT When negative, T epsilon (dT, T), the on time is (1-D) T, the power switch S5 is turned on, the other power switches are turned off, the current flows through L (C) →S5→C→L (D), and the inductor L releases energy.
Working conditions 1 and 2 are summarized in the following table:
| u CT | t | conduction power switch | Inductance L |
| + | (0,dT) | S3、S2 | Charging method |
| + | (dT,T) | S5 | Discharge of electric power |
| - | (0,dT) | S1、S4 | Charging method |
| - | (dT,T) | S5 | Discharge of electric power |
According to the principle of inductive volt-second balance, no matter u CT Both positive and negative have u CT gdt =ug (1-dT), i.e.When d>Boosting at 0.5; d, d<0.5, reducing the pressure; d=0.5, u=u CT 。
The power processing unit of this embodiment, no matter u CT Positive and negative, both positive and negative outputsRealizing the output of the lifting voltage. When input u CT The output of the step-down is larger, input u CT And if the voltage is smaller, the voltage is boosted and output.
Fig. 9 is a main circuit diagram of a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) based power processing unit.
The present embodiments 1, 2 provide one viable but not exclusive circuit of a power handling unit main circuit topology.
Each of the power switches S1-S4 is a bidirectional power electronic switch, preferably formed by two metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) of the same type being connected in series in opposite directions, each body diode being turned off when turned on; the power switch S5 is preferably a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and is operated in reverse conduction. A metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) has low forward and reverse conduction internal resistance and thus lower on-voltage, and has an effective advantage over other power devices.
The power switches S1-S5 may also be formed by other power devices, such as Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), silicon carbide (SiC), or gallium nitride (GaN) devices, which may be designed by the skilled person without further description. Silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN) devices are currently more expensive, but the device performance is better than silicon devices.
The invention is generally applicable to high voltage power cables, but can also be applied to applications where only a single low voltage power cable has insulation protection and cannot be damaged, although the single low voltage power cable has a double-wire power cable.
Claims (3)
1. A self-powered low voltage power system for a high voltage power cable, characterized by: the power conversion device comprises an energy capturing unit, a power processing unit, a super capacitor and a power conversion unit, wherein the output end of the energy capturing unit is connected with the input end of the power processing unit, the output end of the power processing unit is connected with the input ends of the super capacitor and the power conversion unit, the input end of the super capacitor is connected with the output end of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the input end of the power conversion unit, and the output end of the power conversion unit is connected with a load;
the energy capturing unit is used for capturing energy, a current transformer CT is used as an electricity taking device, the current transformer CT is directly arranged on one phase of power cable of the three-phase power cable, and when current i flows in the phase of power cable, the current transformer CT is used for capturing energy and supplying power to the dynamic power factor correction unit; since the current i in the phase power cable is not controllable, the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT As a function of the current i in the phase power cable;
the power processing unit is a dynamic power factor correction unit or an impedance matching unit;
the dynamic PFC unit can perform the function of dynamically controlling the PFC and the target output voltage, namely the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Whether or not it is sinusoidal, the output current i of the energy capturing unit CT Waveform strict tracking output powerPressing u CT Waveform, and make the waveform and phase of the two identical, and target output voltage U of dynamic power factor correction unit R According to the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Dynamically adjusting the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor; the dynamic power factor correction unit can complete the PFC function and the charging function of the super capacitor, and the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor complete the power supply task to the power conversion unit;
the impedance matching unit does not perform power factor correction, realizes dynamic impedance matching by a dynamic power adjustment scheme, completes the charging function of the super capacitor, completes the power supply task of the power conversion unit together with the super capacitor, and dynamically adjusts the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor;
the super capacitor realizes energy storage and release through the charging of the power processing unit and the system power control;
the power conversion unit converts the input direct current of the power processing unit or the super capacitor into alternating current/direct current voltage output required by an actual electronic load;
the control algorithm of the dynamic power factor correction unit is as follows: regardless of the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT Whether or not it is sinusoidal, the output current i of the energy capturing unit CT Waveform strictly tracks output voltage u CT Waveforms, so that the waveforms and phases are consistent; target output voltage U of dynamic power factor correction unit R According to the output voltage u of the energy capturing unit CT And the voltage U of the direct current bus/super capacitor is dynamically adjusted, namely: u (U) R ＝f(u CT U), the specific algorithm is as follows:
wherein U is the current DC bus/super capacitor voltage, U R U is the target output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit CT Is u CT Is a magnitude of (a); u (U) UC Rated value of super capacitor; k (K) 1 、K 2 Is a preset constant according to the actual working condition, and K 1 <K 2 ；R UC Is the internal resistance of the super capacitor; i 1 、I 2 Are all set current values and I 1 <I 2 ；
1) When the power cable current i is small, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Is also small, its output voltage amplitude U CT Smaller U CT <K 1 Control the target output voltage U R =u, not charging the supercapacitor; at this time, the output current I due to the dynamic PFC unit B Is very small;
2) When the power cable current i is large, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also large, its output voltage amplitude U CT Also high, K 1 <U CT <K 2 Control the target output voltage U R ＝U+I 1 *R UC Charging the super capacitor;
3) When the power cable current i is large, the power P captured by the energy capturing unit H Also large, its output voltage amplitude U CT Also high, U CT <K 2 Control the target output voltage U R ＝U+I 2 *R UC Charging the super capacitor with a large current;
4) When U is more than or equal to U UC When the voltage of the super capacitor is larger than or equal to the rated voltage of the super capacitor, overvoltage protection is implemented, and the dynamic power factor correction unit is closed to avoid overcharge of the super capacitor;
wherein the control objective of the impedance matching unit control algorithm is to obtain the maximum power, so that the impedance matching unit tracks the maximum output power p of the energy capturing unit when different currents i CT_max The impedance at the time of the manufacture,
R CTO a dynamic response output impedance for the energy capture unit;
R CTO_P =f (i) and p CT ＝p CT_max ，p CT Output power of energy capturing unit at power cable current i, p CT_max Maximum output power, maximum power impedance R, of the energy capture unit at current i CTO_P An output impedance at maximum output power of the energy capturing unit;
R in dynamically responding to an input impedance for an impedance matching unit;
the impedance matching unit control algorithm is used for controlling the input impedance R of the impedance matching unit in ＝R CTO_P I.e. R in =f (i) and p CT ＝p CT_max And the input power of the impedance matching unit is p CT_max ；
The impedance matching unit realizes dynamic impedance matching by a dynamic power adjustment scheme, adopts a dynamic optimizing algorithm, and is due to u CT The larger p CT_max The larger the initial value of p is set, the larger;
the super capacitor has three basic functions: 1) Energy storage and release; 2) The output filter capacitor C of the dynamic power factor correction unit and the super capacitor form a composite filter capacitor structure of the capacitor and the super capacitor, and instantaneous high power is provided; 3) The output impedance of the dynamic power factor correction unit is reduced, and the cascade stability of the system is enhanced.
2. The self-powered low voltage power supply system of a high voltage power cable of claim 1, wherein: when the current i exists in the power cable, the energy capturing unit captures energy and supplies power to the power processing unit, the power processing unit supplies power to the super capacitor and the power conversion unit, and the voltage of the super capacitor is the same as the output voltage of the dynamic power factor correction unit; when the current i is not present in the power cable, the super capacitor completely supplies power to the power conversion unit, and when the current i is present in the power cable but the power provided by the power processing unit is insufficient, the power processing unit and the super capacitor supply power to the power conversion unit together; the suppression power processing unit provides instantaneous high-power response speed, so that the power processing unit does not provide instantaneous high power, steady-state power of the power processing unit is not suppressed, only overcurrent protection is added, the instantaneous high power is provided by the super capacitor, and the super capacitor is directly connected with the direct current bus and does not limit the power providing capability of the super capacitor.
3. The self-powered low voltage power supply system of a high voltage power cable of claim 1, wherein: the circuit topology of the power processing unit consists of a power switch S1, a power switch S2, a power switch S3, a power switch S4, a power switch S5, an inductor L and a capacitor C, and u CT For the input end, one end A of the power switch S1 and one end A of the power switch S3 are connected with u CT One end C of the inductor L is connected with the other end C of the power switch S1, one end C of the power switch S2 is connected with one end C of the power switch S5, one end E of the capacitor C is connected with the other end E of the power switch S5, and one end B of the power switch S2 is connected with one end B of the power switch S4 CT The other end D of the power switch S3, the other end D of the power switch S4, the other end D of the inductor L and the other end D of the capacitor C are connected in parallel with the subsequent unit, and direct current U is output;
the power processing unit circuit has two kinds of working conditions, namely working condition 1: u (u) CT Positive, condition 2: u (u) CT Negative; the working condition 1 is as follows: u (u) CT In order to be positive, T epsilon (0, dT), the conduction time is dT, T is the period time, the power switch S3 and the power switch S2 are turned on, the others are turned off, and the current flows through u CT (A)→S3→L→S2→u CT (B) Inductance L is from u CT Obtaining energy and storing the energy; u (u) CT In order to be positive, T epsilon (dT, T), the on time is (1-D) T, the power switch S5 is turned on, other power switches are turned off, current flows through L (D), S5, C, L (D), and the inductor L releases energy;
the working condition 2: u (u) CT When negative, T epsilon (0, dT), the on time is dT, T is the period time, the power switch S1 and the power switch S4 are turned on, the others are turned off, and the current flows through u CT (B)→S4→L→S1→u CT (A) Inductance L is from u CT Obtaining energy and storing the energy; u (u) CT When negative, T is (dT, T), the conduction time is (1-d) T, and the work isThe rate switch S5 is turned on, the other power switches are turned off, current flows through L (D), S5, C, L (D), and the inductor L releases energy.
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| CN110557027A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Maximum efficiency tracking DC-DC converter applied to inductive power transmission system and control method thereof |
| KR20210058083A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Wireless power transmitter and controlling method thereof |
| CN112366964A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 上海交通大学 | Wireless power transmission two-stage AC-DC conversion circuit and impedance adjusting method thereof |
| CN112821573A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | 中铁电气化局集团有限公司 | Device for supplying power to railway cable acquisition and transmission unit |
| CN113629891A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-09 | 西南交通大学 | Efficiency optimization method for dynamic wireless power supply system of electric automobile |
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