CN114069184A - Millimeter wave filtering power divider with arbitrary power dividing ratio - Google Patents
Millimeter wave filtering power divider with arbitrary power dividing ratio Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio, comprisingN-1 TE101Die and a TE n01Formation of a mode-resonant cavity, TE n01The mode cavity divides energy intonAre divided into equal parts, and then are correspondingly led out from the resonant cavitynThe output ports perform power distribution. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the higher-order mode resonant cavity equally divides energy, can obtain a standardized output window size-external quality factor curve chart only by simulating any one output port, and can complete the design of the filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio by adjusting the window of each output port based on the standardized curve chart, thereby ensuring that the design method of the filter is simple and flexible, shortening the design time of devices and improving the research and development efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication, and relates to a millimeter wave multi-port substrate integrated waveguide filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio.
Background
With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, fifth generation (5G) communication is receiving more and more attention. In order to achieve higher transmission rates, many researchers have recently begun exploring the millimeter wave band. Filters and power dividers are indispensable components in the antenna array feed network. They usually employ a conventional cascade design method, which always occupies a large area and results in high insertion loss. The filtering power divider which integrates two adjacent functional devices (a filter and a power divider) into a circuit and is designed in a fusion mode is a research hotspot in recent years, so that the overall size of the circuit can be reduced, and the cascade loss can be avoided.
Microstrip-line based filtering power dividers typically implement the filtering response by coupling lines or stub-loaded transmission lines instead of quarter-wave transformers. In the millimeter wave band, microstrip designs will suffer considerable losses and deteriorate with increasing frequency. The traditional metal waveguide filtering power divider has low loss, but is heavy in volume and not suitable for being integrated with a planar circuit due to a three-dimensional structure. The substrate integrated waveguide combines the advantages of a planar microstrip transmission line and a low-loss waveguide, and is very suitable for millimeter wave application. Therefore, the filtering power divider based on the substrate integrated waveguide has attracted extensive research interest.
In the past years, a great deal of research on two-way filtering power dividers has been conducted by some reported filtering power dividers. However, a multiple power splitter is one of the basic elements of an antenna array feed network. The specific unequal power distribution ratio of the array can enable the array to obtain better directional performance in a beam forming system. In order to meet the requirement of multipath in future wireless communication systems, there are some reports of multi-port filtering power dividers. The tree topology is widely used, however, since only one output port is led out from each resonator of the last stage, the volume of the circuit is rapidly increased as the number of ports is increased. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the antenna array side lobe, a filter power divider with unequal power ratio is generally required. However, few filtering power dividers based on substrate integrated waveguide can simultaneously provide multi-output and unequal power division ratio, especially in millimeter wave frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a millimeter wave filter power divider with a simple structure and an arbitrary power dividing ratio.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio provided by the invention is characterized in that: cascaded N-1 TEs comprising 1 input port and N output ports101Mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and 1 TEn01A mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, the TEn01The mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity divides energy into N equal parts uniformly along the long side direction, N is the order of the filter, N is the number of output ends, i is 1,2 … N, the input port is arranged at the level 1 TE101Signal input side of a mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonator, the TEn01The mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity outputs energy from n output ports through n coupling windows respectively, and the ratio of external quality factors of the output ports is equal to the ratio of reciprocal powers of the output ports.
The input port is connected with the first-stage TE through the grounded coplanar waveguide101The mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity connection feeds energy into the first stage TE101A mode substrate is integrated with a waveguide resonant cavity.
In addition, the invention also provides a design method of the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 5, calculating the external quality factor of each output port according to the output power distribution ratio of the output port required by the design, and adjusting the TE according to the window size-external quality factor curve chart in the step 4n01And the size of the coupling window of the output port of the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is made to meet the external quality factor of the output port required by design.
The invention provides a single-layer millimeter wave multi-port substrate integrated waveguide filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio and a design method thereof. The filtering power divider consists of N-1 TEs101Die and a TEn01The mode cavity, the last cavity (TE)n01Mode) divides the energy into equal n parts, and then correspondingly leads out n output ports on the resonant cavity for power distribution.
Assuming that the multiport network is lossless, P and Pi(i-1, 2 … n) each represents TE101Input power and TE of mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavityn01The dissipation power output by the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity can obtain P ═ P1+P2+…+PnFor convenience of expression of the following formula, the power division ratio may be set to αiExpressed, defined as follows:
P1:P2:…:Pn＝α1:α2:…:αn (1)
the output power versus input power for each output port may then be expressed as
According to an external quality factor (Q)e) Definition of (1), input QesAnd of each outputQeLiCan be expressed as
Wherein WaAnd ω0Respectively, the average energy storage and the resonance frequency of the resonator used. From this we can get each output QeLi
From equation (5), it can be seen that the power splitting ratio required for the three outputs is only determined by their external QeRatio determination, each output port LiQ of (2)eThe ratio of which is equal to the ratio of the inverse powers of the output ports. Q of n ports since energy is divided into equal n partseThe variation being referenced to Q of one of the output portse. Therefore, the invention simplifies the design method and can easily obtain the filtering power divider with any power division ratio.
The invention skillfully puts TE into contact with101The mode resonant cavity and the higher-order mode resonant cavity are cascaded, and the characteristic that the higher-order mode resonant cavity equally divides energy is utilized, so that a standardized output window size-external quality factor curve graph can be obtained only by simulating any one output port, and the design of the filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio can be completed by adjusting the window of each output port based on the standardized curve graph. Therefore, the method is simple and flexible to realize, the design time of the device is shortened, and the research and development efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings;
fig. 1 is a top view of an N-th order multiport filter power divider of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the three-way substrate integrated waveguide filter power divider of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a three-way substrate integrated waveguide filter power splitter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the output window size-external quality factor of the three-way substrate integrated waveguide filter power divider of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of a three-way substrate integrated waveguide filter power divider for equal power division according to a simulation example of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a phase response diagram of the output of a three-way sbw filter power divider according to an example of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of simulation results of a three-way substrate integrated waveguide filter power divider with unequal power division according to a simulation example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows the planar geometry of an N-th order multiport filter power divider, where S1And Li(i-1, 2 … N) represents input and output (N represents the order and N represents the number of outputs), respectively, and R represents1…RN-1Are all TE101Mode cavity, RNRepresents TEn01A mode cavity. The N-order multiport millimeter wave filtering power divider comprises 1 input port S1And n output ports LiCascaded N-1 TEs101Mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and 1 TEn01The mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity has an input port S1Set in level 1 TE101The signal input side of the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, in the invention, the input port S1By grounding coplanar waveguide to first stage TE101The mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity connection feeds energy into the first stage TE101A mode substrate is integrated with a waveguide resonant cavity. As can be seen in the figure, the last resonator (TE)n01Mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity) to divide the energy into n equal parts uniformly along the long side direction, and then correspondingly leading out n output ports L on the resonant cavityiPerforming power distribution and outputting, each outputPort LiIs equal to the ratio of the inverse powers of the output ports. The coupling coefficient and the external quality factor are among the two most important parameters for constructing the pass band and determining the power distribution. The number of ports and the filter response may be independent of each other, since the energy is divided into equal n, Q of n portseThe variation being referenced to Q of one of the output portseThis provides a simple design method for the overall design of any order and number of loads of the filter power divider resonator. And TEn01The larger the windowing size of the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity at the side of the output port is, the smaller the external quality factor of the output port is, and the higher the obtained energy distribution proportion is.
The design method of the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 5, calculating the external quality factors of the output ports according to the output power distribution ratio of the output ports required by the design,adjusting TE according to the window size-external figure of merit graph in step 4n01Output port L of mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavityiTo meet the design requirements of the output port LiThe external figure of merit of (1).
Fig. 2 and 3 show the solid and planar geometry of a three-way substrate integrated waveguide filter power divider with a predetermined power division ratio (N ═ 2, N ═ 3), respectively, which is composed of two coupled substrate integrated waveguide cavities (resonant cavity 1 and resonant cavity 2). Port 1 represents the input and ports 2,3 and 4 represent the outputs. Excitation of TE in the resonant cavity 1 using a 50-omega microstrip connection grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feed101Mode(s). The filter power divider is designed on a single layer PCB (Rogers RT/Duroid 5880) with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent of 0.0009, and a thickness of 0.508 mm.
The adopted substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities 1 and 2 are respectively designed to be at TE101And TE301Resonates in the mode. The coupling of two adjacent substrate integrated waveguide cavities is achieved by an intermediate coupling window, and when a signal is injected from the input port 1, a predetermined output power ratio can be achieved between the ports 2,3,4 by controlling the Q ratio of the output ports 2,3, 4. The energy generated by the cavity 1 is converted by the TE in the cavity 2301The pattern is divided equally into three parts. All three outputs are at TE301The position where the mode electric field is strongest, therefore, TE is adopted101Die cavity and TE301The scheme of cavity coupling can realize power distribution and filter response simultaneously. From TE301The electric field distribution of the mode can be obtained as TE301The phase in the middle of the mode is opposite to the two sides. The physical dimensions of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity are determined by classical formulas. The unequal power division ratio filter power divider designed herein has the diameter d of the through hole equal to 0.3mm, and the pitch p of the adjacent through holes equal to 0.5 mm.
The invention is verified by designing two examples with predetermined power ratios.
Simulation example one
The simulation example is a three-path substrate integrated waveguide filtering power divider with the power ratio of 1:1:1, the device structure is shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the description is not repeated here.
According to the proposed filter power divider with different coupling window widths WkThe value of K for the lower simulation can be seen as follows WkThe coupling becomes stronger. To satisfy the K value required for calculation, WkA suitable value for this is 2.07 mm. Generally speaking, QeIs reflected by the coupling strength between the resonator and the feed line. When the feed line is located at a position where the electric field of the resonant cavity is strong, the coupling is stronger (i.e., Q)eWould be smaller). At the same time, coupling becomes weaker when the feed slot depth and slot width are smaller (i.e., Q)eWould be larger). From input Q when other parameters are fixedeRelative to L1And W1It can be seen that when L is1Or W1When increasing, QeAnd decreases. In other words, when the coupling strength between the resonant cavity 1 and the feed line increases, Q is increasedeThe value decreases. Q according to output (port 3)eExtraction, where the port 3 is located in the middle of the cavity 2. Q can be seen from the output window size-external figure of merit plot of FIG. 4eIs as follows Wj2Is increased and decreased. Due to TE301The three parts of the mode are equal in energy, so that only one output Q is providedeExtraction is required in this design, where the Q of the output, located in the center of the SIW chamber 2, and the other two outputs (port 2 and port 4) are extractedeThe value can be referenced to port 3QeThe extraction of (1). In the case of equal power division, three output coupling windows (W)2、W3And W4) Are equal. Fig. 5 is a simulation result, which verifies that this simple design method is effective. Fig. 7 is the phase response of the output, illustrating that port 2 and port 4 are in phase, and port 3 is in anti-phase. This also verifies that the design method is independent of the output phase of the filtering power divider.
Simulation example two
To further prove, the second simulation example designs a filtering power divider with a power division ratio of 1:3:1, which is used as a feed network of a filter antenna array to realize low sidelobe. This FPD has the same filter index as the first example above. The following table gives specific dimensions for a 1:3:1 filtering power divider.
| Parameter(s) | W50 | Wk | Wslot | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 |
| Value (mm) | 1.48 | 2.07 | 0.2 | 1.08 | 2.23 | 2.86 | 2.23 |
| Parameter(s) | L1 | d | p | a1 | a2 | b1 | b2 |
| Value (mm) | 16.3 | 4.84 | 4.9 | 18.0 | 5.43 | 4.33 | 0.3 |
To verify the proposed design method, this example simulates two filtered power divider prototypes with a center frequency of 27.2 GHz. The circuit size of the filter power divider is 17.5mm multiplied by 10.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the simulated reflection coefficient (| S) of the three-way filtering power divider with the power distribution ratio preset to 1:3:111|) better than 20dB in the passband, and a three-way insertion loss of about 1.2dB (excluding the loss of 1:3:1 power distribution). It is ideal for S21、S31、S41Respectively-6.99 dB, -2.22dB and-6.99 dB. Simulation results show that the filter power divider centered at 27.2GHz has a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 2.24%. The phase response of the output is shown in fig. 7 and will not be repeated here.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a millimeter wave filtering power divider with arbitrary power ratio which characterized in that: comprises 1 input port (S 1) Andnan output port (L i ) In cascade, ofN-1 TE101Mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and 1 TE n01A mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, the TE n01The mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity can make the energy uniform along the long edge directionIs evenly divided intonThe equal parts are evenly distributed on the surface of the steel plate,Nfor the order of the filter, the filter is,nin order to be able to count the number of output terminals,i=1,2…ninput port (S 1) Set in level 1 TE101Signal input side of a mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonator, the TE n01Mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity passnThe coupling windows respectively transfer energy fromnAn output port (L i ) An output, said output ports: (L i ) Is equal to the ratio of the inverse powers of the output ports.
2. The millimeter wave filtering power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio according to claim 1, wherein: the TE n01The larger the windowing size of the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity at the side of the output port is, the smaller the external quality factor of the output port is, and the higher the obtained energy distribution proportion is.
3. The millimeter wave filtering power divider with an arbitrary power dividing ratio according to claim 1, wherein: the input port (S 1) By grounding coplanar waveguide to first stage TE101The mode-substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity connection feeds energy into the first stage TE101A mode substrate is integrated with a waveguide resonant cavity.
4. The design method of the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, calculating low-pass prototype lumped parameters according to performance indexes required by the pass band of the filtering power divider, calculating external quality factors of input ports according to the low-pass prototype lumped parameters, and determining the order of the filterNCoupling coefficient of adjacent resonators and number of output portsnInitially assume the filter power divider asnA filtering power divider with equal power division;
step 2, establishing a model of the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio as claimed in claim 1 according to the parameters determined in the step 1, and adjusting the size of a coupling window between adjacent resonators to enable the coupling degree between the adjacent resonators to meet the coupling coefficient calculated in the step 1;
step 3, adjusting load on level 1 TE101The width and the depth of the slots on the two sides of the input feeder of the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity meet the external quality factor of the input port calculated in the step 1;
step 4, any output port of the power divider model of the power division filtering in the step 2 is extracted through simulation (L i ) Obtaining external quality factors corresponding to different window sizes to obtain an output window size-external quality factor curve graph;
step 5, calculating the external quality factor of each output port according to the output power distribution ratio of the output port required by the design, and adjusting the TE according to the output window size-external quality factor curve chart in the step 4 n01Output port of mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity (L i ) The coupling window size of (a) so that it meets the output port of the design requirementL i ) The external figure of merit of (1).
5. The design method of the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the TE n01The larger the windowing size of the mode substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity at the side of the output port is, the smaller the external quality factor of the output port is, and the higher the obtained energy distribution proportion is.
6. The design method of the millimeter wave filtering power divider with any power dividing ratio as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the power division ratio of the output port is equal to the ratio of the inverse of the quality factor external to the output port.
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