CN114065385A - Method and device for selecting single-gear speed reducer and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for selecting single-gear speed reducer and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, equipment and a storage medium for selecting a single-gear speed reducer, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring basic attribute parameters and power performance target parameters of the electric vehicle to be tested; determining rated power and peak power of a driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic attribute parameters and the power performance target parameters, and selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power; determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest speed of the electric vehicle and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity, and determining the transmission ratio range of the single-gear speed reducer to be selected according to the maximum transmission ratio and the minimum transmission ratio; and carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by using a preset step length, and selecting a target single-gear speed reducer meeting the optimal transmission ratio of the economic performance target from the single-gear speed reducers to be selected. Therefore, the optimization of the economy is realized on the basis of meeting the dynamic property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of single-gear reducers, in particular to a single-gear reducer selecting method, single-gear reducer selecting equipment and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
The pure electric vehicle has received extensive attention because of its zero release, the noise is little, has great energy-concerving and environment-protective potentiality's advantage, and the national policy encourages pure electric vehicle to develop towards low energy consumption. With the popularization of pure electric vehicles, the energy consumption economy is concerned by more and more users. In consideration of the control difficulty and the operation reliability, most power systems of pure electric vehicles adopt single-gear reducers with fixed speed ratios for matching, but the influence of transmission ratio on the vehicle dynamic property is only considered in the model selection matching of the existing single-gear reducers, but the influence of the transmission ratio on the distribution of the efficiency intervals of the driving motors is ignored, and the economic property of the vehicle is influenced by combining with a specific driving working condition.
The existing research does not fully consider the influence of the transmission ratio on the vehicle economy due to the fact that the transmission ratio of the single-gear speed reducer is matched with the model selection of the transmission ratio of the single-gear speed reducer, namely the influence of the transmission ratio, the efficiency of a driving motor and the distribution of driving working conditions on the vehicle economy is jointly considered, and simulation evaluation shows that the difference of the electricity consumption values per hundred kilometers in a working condition endurance test is distributed from 1% to 10% when the transmission ratio is different, so that the influence of the transmission ratio on the vehicle economy cannot be ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a selection method of a single-gear speed reducer, and aims to solve the technical problem of how to better improve the economic performance while ensuring the power performance of an electric vehicle in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method of selecting a single-speed reducer, the method of selecting a single-speed reducer including:
acquiring basic attribute parameters and power performance target parameters of the electric vehicle to be tested;
determining rated power and peak power of a driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic attribute parameters and the power performance target parameters, and selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power;
determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest speed of the electric vehicle and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity, and determining the transmission ratio range of the single-gear speed reducer to be selected according to the maximum transmission ratio and the minimum transmission ratio;
and carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by using a preset step length, and selecting a target single-gear speed reducer meeting the optimal transmission ratio of the economic performance target from the single-gear speed reducers to be selected.
Optionally, the step of determining the rated power of the driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic property parameter and the power performance target parameter comprises:
calculating a power demand P1 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining the highest vehicle speed;
calculating the power demand P2 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 4% of the climbing speed;
calculating a power demand P3 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 12% of the climbing vehicle speed;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3 is taken as the rated power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
Optionally, the step of determining the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic property parameter and the power performance target parameter comprises:
calculating the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and the half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmax；
Calculating the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmax；
According to the basic attribute parameters, the dynamic performance target and the wheel edge peak torque demand TwmaxAnd a wheel rim maximum speed requirement nwmaxDetermining that the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P4 of the driving motor corresponding to 0-50km/h starting acceleration and the electric vehicle meets the driving corresponding to 50-80km/h overtaking accelerationPower demand of the dynamo-electric machine P5;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3, the power demand P4 and the power demand P5 is taken as the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
Optionally, after the step of selecting a driving motor meeting a power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power, the method further comprises:
determining the highest rotating speed n of the selected driving motor according to the characteristic parameters of the driving motor meeting the power performance targetmaxAnd peak torque Tmax。
Optionally, the step of determining a maximum gear ratio corresponding to a maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected maximum speed n of the drive motormaxDetermining a maximum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle0max：
Wherein i01Is a gear ratio greater than the highest vehicle speed in the power performance target parameter.
Optionally, the step of determining a minimum gear ratio corresponding to the maximum hill climbing capability of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected peak torque T of the drive motormaxDetermining a minimum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity of the electric vehicle0min：
Wherein i02The wheel side peak torque requirement corresponding to the start of the electric vehicle in the half slope with the maximum climbing gradient is larger thanFinding TwmaxThe transmission ratio, η, is the driveline efficiency of the electric vehicle under test.
Optionally, after the step of determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to a maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle according to the parameter, the method further includes:
and calculating the adhesion rate of the driving wheel, checking whether the adhesion condition meets the requirements of ascending or accelerating, and selecting the driving motor meeting the adhesion condition.
Optionally, the step of performing an economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target, and the step of selecting an optimal transmission ratio meeting the economic performance target includes:
based on various driving conditions, carrying out economic simulation by using a matrix method, and initially selecting a plurality of transmission ratios meeting economic performance targets;
and selecting the largest transmission ratio from the plurality of transmission ratios which meet the economic performance target as the optimal transmission ratio.
Further, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a selection apparatus of a single reduction gear, including: the selection program of the single-gear speed reducer is used for realizing the steps of the selection method of the single-gear speed reducer when being executed by the processor.
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a selection program of a single reduction gear, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the selection method of a single reduction gear as described above.
According to the selection method, the selection equipment and the computer readable storage medium of the single-gear speed reducer, provided by the embodiment of the invention, basic attribute parameters and power performance target parameters of an electric vehicle to be tested are obtained; determining rated power and peak power of a driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the parameters, and selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power; determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest speed of the electric vehicle and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity according to the parameters, and selecting a transmission ratio range of a single-gear speed reducer according to the maximum transmission ratio and the minimum transmission ratio; and carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by using a preset step length, and selecting the optimal transmission ratio meeting the economic performance target. Therefore, on the premise of meeting the vehicle dynamic property, the single-gear speed reducer which is most beneficial to the vehicle economy is selected, and the driving range of the electric vehicle is increased while the power is ensured. Moreover, the type selection of the single-gear speed reducer is more reasonable, repeated verification caused by unreasonable type selection is reduced, and the whole vehicle development period, the verification cost and the vehicle development cost are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic terminal structure diagram of a hardware operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for selecting a single-speed reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic terminal structure diagram of a hardware operating environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The operation equipment of the embodiment of the invention can be a PC, and can also be a mobile terminal equipment with a display function, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, an electronic book reader, a portable computer and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the operation device may include: a processor 1001, such as a CPU, a network interface 1004, a user interface 1003, a memory 1005, a communication bus 1002. Wherein a communication bus 1002 is used to enable connective communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a Display screen (Display), an input unit such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), and the optional user interface 1003 may also include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface (e.g., WI-FI interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory (e.g., a magnetic disk memory). The memory 1005 may alternatively be a storage device separate from the processor 1001.
Optionally, the operation device may further include a camera, a Radio Frequency (RF) circuit, a sensor, an audio circuit, a WiFi module, and the like. Such as light sensors, motion sensors, and other sensors. In particular, the light sensor may include an ambient light sensor and a proximity sensor. As one of the motion sensors, the gravity acceleration sensor can detect the magnitude of acceleration in each direction (generally, three axes), can detect the magnitude and direction of gravity when the mobile device is stationary, and can be used for applications (such as horizontal and vertical screen switching, related games, magnetometer attitude calibration) for recognizing the attitude of the mobile device, and related functions (such as pedometer and tapping) for vibration recognition; of course, the mobile operation device may also be configured with other sensors such as a gyroscope, a barometer, a hygrometer, a thermometer, an infrared sensor, and the like, which are not described herein again.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the operational equipment configuration shown in FIG. 1 does not constitute a limitation of the operational equipment, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components in combination, or a different arrangement of components.
As shown in fig. 1, a memory 1005, which is a kind of computer storage medium, may include therein an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and a selection program of the single gear reducer.
In the operating device shown in fig. 1, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for connecting to a backend server and performing data communication with the backend server; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for connecting a client (user side) and performing data communication with the client; and the processor 1001 may be configured to invoke a selection procedure for a single-gear retarder stored in the memory 1005 and perform the following operations:
acquiring basic attribute parameters and power performance target parameters of the electric vehicle to be tested;
determining rated power and peak power of a driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic attribute parameters and the power performance target parameters, and selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power;
determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest speed of the electric vehicle and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity, and determining the transmission ratio range of the single-gear speed reducer to be selected according to the maximum transmission ratio and the minimum transmission ratio;
and carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by using a preset step length, and selecting a target single-gear speed reducer meeting the optimal transmission ratio of the economic performance target from the single-gear speed reducers to be selected.
Further, the processor 1001 may call a selection program of the single reduction gear stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
calculating a power demand P1 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining the highest vehicle speed;
calculating the power demand P2 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 4% of the climbing speed;
calculating a power demand P3 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 12% of the climbing vehicle speed;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3 is taken as the rated power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
Further, the processor 1001 may call a selection program of the single reduction gear stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
calculating the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and the half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmax；
Calculating the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmax；
According to the basic attribute parameters, the dynamic performance target and the wheel edge peak torque demand TwmaxAnd a wheel rim maximum speed requirement nwmaxDetermining that the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P4 of the driving motor corresponding to 0-50km/h starting acceleration and the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P5 of the driving motor corresponding to 50-80km/h overtaking acceleration;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3, the power demand P4 and the power demand P5 is taken as the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
Further, the processor 1001 may call a selection program of the single reduction gear stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
determining the highest rotating speed n of the selected driving motor according to the characteristic parameters of the driving motor meeting the power performance targetmaxAnd peak torque Tmax。
Optionally, the step of determining a maximum gear ratio corresponding to a maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected maximum speed n of the drive motormaxDetermining a maximum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle0max：
Wherein i01Is a gear ratio greater than the highest vehicle speed in the power performance target parameter.
Further, the processor 1001 may call a selection program of the single reduction gear stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
according to the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected peak torque T of the drive motormaxDetermining a minimum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity of the electric vehicle0min：
Wherein i02The wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the start of the half slope with the maximum climbing gradient of the electric vehicle is larger thanwmaxThe transmission ratio, η, is the driveline efficiency of the electric vehicle under test.
Further, the processor 1001 may call a selection program of the single reduction gear stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
and calculating the adhesion rate of the driving wheel, checking whether the adhesion condition meets the requirements of ascending or accelerating, and selecting the driving motor meeting the adhesion condition.
Further, the processor 1001 may call a selection program of the single reduction gear stored in the memory 1005, and also perform the following operations:
based on various driving conditions, carrying out economic simulation by using a matrix method, and initially selecting a plurality of transmission ratios meeting economic performance targets;
and selecting the largest transmission ratio from the plurality of transmission ratios which meet the economic performance target as the optimal transmission ratio.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for selecting a single-speed reducer, and in a process of the method for selecting a single-speed reducer according to the present invention, the process includes:
in step S10, basic attribute parameters and target dynamic performance parameters of the electric vehicle to be tested are acquired.
Collecting basic attribute parameters of the electric vehicle under test, including the vehicle service mass M1Mass M of full load2Half mass M3Wind resistance coefficient CdFrontal area A, transmission system efficiency eta, tire rolling radius r and tire rolling resistance coefficient fAnd a rotating mass transfer coefficient δ.
Collecting Power Performance target parameters for the electric vehicle undergoing the test, including maximum vehicle speed VmaxMaximum climbing gradient Gmax4% climbing vehicle speed VG412% climbing vehicle speed VG120-50km/h starting acceleration time t1And 50-80km/h overtaking acceleration time t2And the like. That is, the speed of the electric vehicle is not lower than V when the electric vehicle climbs 4 percent of the slopeG4And the vehicle speed is not lower than V when the vehicle climbs for 12 percentG12The time when the vehicle starts to accelerate for 0-50km/h is not more than t1And the time when the starting acceleration is carried out at 50-80km/h is not more than t2。
And step S20, determining the rated power and the peak power of the driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic attribute parameters and the power performance target parameters, and selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power.
The rated power of the driving motor of the electric vehicle is calculated by maintaining the power corresponding to the highest vehicle speed, maintaining the power corresponding to the 4% climbing vehicle speed and maintaining the power corresponding to the 12% climbing vehicle speed of the electric vehicle.
And calculating to obtain the peak power of the driving motor of the electric vehicle through the wheel side torque corresponding to the maximum climbing slope and half slope starting of the electric vehicle, the wheel side rotating speed corresponding to the highest vehicle speed, the power corresponding to the starting acceleration meeting 0-50km/h and the power corresponding to the overtaking acceleration meeting 50-80 km/h.
The power output of the electric automobile is simulated through the rated power and the peak power of the driving motor of the electric automobile, the power requirement of the electric automobile is met, and therefore the driving motor meeting the power performance target is selected and determined.
And step S30, determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest speed of the electric vehicle and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity, and determining the transmission ratio range of the to-be-selected single-gear speed reducer according to the maximum transmission ratio and the minimum transmission ratio.
In step S20, the determined drive motors that satisfy the power performance target are selected, and further, a filter matching is performed. The electric vehicle has the largest gear ratio when at the highest vehicle speed and the smallest gear ratio when the vehicle is at the maximum climbing capability. A range is defined by the maximum gear ratio and the minimum gear ratio, and of these drive motors that preliminarily satisfy the target, a drive motor whose gear ratio satisfies the step of the defined range is selected.
And step S40, carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by preset step length, and selecting a target single-gear speed reducer meeting the optimal transmission ratio of the economic performance target from the single-gear speed reducers to be selected.
In the advanced driving motors meeting the limited range selected in step S30, that is, in the driving motors meeting the power performance target, the corresponding relationship between the transmission ratio and the energy consumption is tested based on various driving conditions by presetting the step length to 0.1, and the energy consumption of different transmission ratios under various driving conditions is obtained in the matrix, so that the economic simulation is performed, and finally, the optimal transmission ratio meeting the economic performance target is selected.
In the present embodiment, the rated power and the peak power of the drive motor are determined based on the relevant parameters of the electric vehicle under test, and the drive motor that meets the power performance target is selected based on the rated power and the peak power. And determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest vehicle speed and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity according to the relevant parameters to obtain a transmission ratio range. And then, carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by using a preset step length, thereby selecting the optimal transmission ratio meeting the economic performance target. The method for selecting the single-gear speed reducer which meets the dynamic property of the electric vehicle and is optimal in economy is determined by using matrix simulation. Therefore, on the premise of meeting the vehicle dynamic property, the single-gear speed reducer which is most beneficial to the vehicle economy is selected, and the driving range of the electric vehicle is increased while the power is ensured. Moreover, the type selection of the single-gear speed reducer is more reasonable, repeated verification caused by unreasonable type selection is reduced, and the whole vehicle development period, the verification cost and the vehicle development cost are reduced.
Optionally, the step of determining the rated power of the driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic property parameter and the power performance target parameter comprises:
calculating a power demand P1 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining the highest vehicle speed;
calculating the power demand P2 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 4% of the climbing speed;
calculating a power demand P3 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 12% of the climbing vehicle speed;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3 is taken as the rated power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
Calculating a power demand P1 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining the highest vehicle speed:
calculating the power demand P2 of the driving motor corresponding to the maintenance of 4% climbing speed (generally 60km/h) of the electric vehicle:
wherein
Calculating the power demand P3 of the driving motor corresponding to the maintenance of 12% climbing speed (generally 30km/h) of the electric vehicle:
wherein
Taking the power demands P1, P2 and P3The maximum is rated power P of the driving motor of the electric vehiclerate：
Prate＝max[P1,P2,P3]。
Optionally, the step of determining the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic property parameter and the power performance target parameter comprises:
calculating the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and the half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmax；
Calculating the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmax；
According to the basic attribute parameters, the dynamic performance target and the wheel edge peak torque demand TwmaxAnd a wheel rim maximum speed requirement nwmaxDetermining that the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P4 of the driving motor corresponding to 0-50km/h starting acceleration and the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P5 of the driving motor corresponding to 50-80km/h overtaking acceleration;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3, the power demand P4 and the power demand P5 is taken as the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
Calculating the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and the half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmax：
Twmax＝[M2gfcosα+M2gsinα]r
Calculating the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmax：
Determining that the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P4 of a driving motor corresponding to 0-50km/h starting acceleration:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Va1is the instantaneous speed of the vehicle, V is more than or equal to 0a1≤50km/h，
Ft1As a vehicle speed Va1The maximum driving force of the corresponding wheel edge,
Tv1is the wheel edge maximum torque corresponding to the constant power section of the driving motor,
n1≤n≤nwmax
n1simultaneously satisfying peak torque T for corresponding drive motorwmaxAnd a driving power P4The rotational speed of (a) is set,
Vrm1to n corresponding to the rotational speed of the drive motor1The speed of the vehicle is controlled by the speed of the vehicle,
determining that the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P5 of a driving motor corresponding to 50-80km/h overtaking acceleration:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Va2v is not less than 50 and is the instantaneous speed of the vehiclea2≤80km/h，
Ft2As a vehicle speed Va2The maximum driving force of the corresponding wheel edge,
Tv2is the wheel edge maximum torque corresponding to the constant power section of the driving motor,
n2≤n≤nwmax
n2simultaneously satisfying peak torque T for corresponding drive motorwmaxAnd a driving power P5The rotational speed of (a) is set,
Vrm1to correspond to the rotational speed n of the drive motor1The vehicle speed of (a) is set,
taking the maximum of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3, the power demand P4 and the power demand P5 as the peak power P of the driving motor of the electric vehiclemax：
Pmax＝max[P1,P2,P3,P4,P5]。
Optionally, after the step of selecting a driving motor meeting a power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power, the method further comprises:
determining the highest rotating speed n of the selected driving motor according to the characteristic parameters of the driving motor meeting the power performance targetmaxAnd peak torque Tmax。
In accordance with Pmax、PrateThe method comprises the steps of selecting the type of a driving motor parameter according to the requirement, selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target, and determining the highest rotating speed n of the selected driving motor according to the characteristic parameter of the selected driving motormaxAnd peak torque TmaxAnd the maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest vehicle speed of the electric vehicle and the minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity are determined.
Optionally, the step of determining a maximum gear ratio corresponding to a maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected maximum speed n of the drive motormaxDetermining a maximum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle0max：
Wherein i01Is a gear ratio greater than the highest vehicle speed in the power performance target parameter.
Calculating the maximum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed of the vehicle0maxThe maximum speed ratio is selected to satisfy Vi0max≥VmaxIn which V isi0maxIs a transmission ratio of i01Maximum speed of the vehicle, VmaxNamely the highest vehicle speed required by the project. According to the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the calculated maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmax：
The calculation of (c) can yield:
the maximum transmission ratio is thus determined by the following equation:
optionally, the step of determining a minimum gear ratio corresponding to the maximum hill climbing capability of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected peak torque T of the drive motormaxDetermining a minimum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity of the electric vehicle0min：
Wherein i02The wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the start of the half slope with the maximum climbing gradient of the electric vehicle is larger thanwmaxThe transmission ratio, η, is the driveline efficiency of the electric vehicle under test.
Calculating the minimum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity of the vehicle0minThe minimum transmission ratio should be selected to satisfy Ti0max≥TwmaxWherein T isi0maxIs a transmission ratio of i02Maximum moment on wheel edge, TwmaxNamely the peak wheel-edge torque required by the project. Therefore, the method comprises the following steps:
Ti0max＝Tmaxi0η≥Twmax
the minimum gear ratio is then determined according to the following equation:
and finally, selecting a transmission ratio range of the speed reducer:
i0min≤i0≤i0max。
optionally, after the step of determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to a maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle according to the parameter, the method further includes:
and calculating the adhesion rate of the driving wheel, checking whether the adhesion condition meets the requirements of ascending or accelerating, and selecting the driving motor meeting the adhesion condition.
The ratio of the tangential reaction force of the ground caused by the torque acting on the driving wheel to the normal reaction force of the driving wheel, namely, the adhesion rate of the driving wheel is used for judging whether the tire of the driving wheel of the electric vehicle slips or not, and finally, the driving motor which can not cause slip and can meet the adhesion condition of uphill or acceleration requirements is selected. And there are many factors (attachment conditions) that affect the attachment rate of the vehicle, such as the general arrangement of the vehicle (wheel base, height of center of mass, distance from center of mass to front and rear axles, etc.), the shape of the vehicle body, the driving conditions (acceleration, etc.), the actual road gradient, etc. In addition, the vehicle speed also affects the adhesion rate, and since the vehicle speed increases, the air lift force increases, the driving wheel normal reaction force decreases, and the tangential reaction force increases, the adhesion rate increases as the vehicle speed increases. In the embodiment of the invention, the adhesion conditions of the relevant quality parameters of the electric vehicles such as the vehicle service mass M1, the full load mass M2 and the like are focused.
Optionally, the step of performing an economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target, and the step of selecting an optimal transmission ratio meeting the economic performance target includes:
based on various driving conditions, carrying out economic simulation by using a matrix method, and initially selecting a plurality of transmission ratios meeting economic performance targets;
and selecting the largest transmission ratio from the plurality of transmission ratios which meet the economic performance target as the optimal transmission ratio.
The electric vehicle to be tested is subjected to driving tests based on various driving conditions, the electric vehicle to be tested adopts a transmission ratio within a transmission ratio range, and the transmission ratio range is determined according to a maximum transmission ratio and a minimum transmission ratio. Taking a preset step length of 0.1 as an example, driving tests under various driving conditions are carried out once every time the transmission ratio is increased or decreased by 0.1, and the energy consumption of the tested electric vehicle is obtained. In the matrix, the abscissa is used as a transmission ratio, the scale is used as step length of an example of 0.1, the ordinate is energy consumption of the electric vehicle under a certain driving condition, and each time a driving test under a certain driving condition under a certain transmission ratio is carried out, corresponding energy consumption is recorded, so that economic simulation is completed. After the energy consumption of the electric vehicle within the whole transmission ratio range of all the target driving conditions is obtained, a plurality of transmission ratios which meet the economic performance target under all the target driving conditions are initially selected.
After a plurality of transmission ratios which meet the economic performance target under all target driving conditions are initially selected, the largest transmission ratio is selected from the plurality of transmission ratios to serve as the finally selected transmission ratio which meets the dynamic performance target and the economic performance target and has the best dynamic performance so as to finish the selection of the optimal single-gear speed reducer.
In addition, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a selection device of a single-gear speed reducer, where the selection device of the single-gear speed reducer includes: the selection program of the single-gear speed reducer is used for realizing the steps of the selection method of the single-gear speed reducer when being executed by the processor.
Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a selection program of a single-gear reducer is stored, and the selection program of the single-gear reducer, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the selection method of the single-gear reducer as described above.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above and includes instructions for enabling a terminal device (e.g., a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of selecting a single reduction gear, the method comprising:
acquiring basic attribute parameters and power performance target parameters of the electric vehicle to be tested;
determining rated power and peak power of a driving motor of the electric vehicle according to the basic attribute parameters and the power performance target parameters, and selecting the driving motor meeting the power performance target according to the rated power and the peak power;
determining a maximum transmission ratio corresponding to the highest speed of the electric vehicle and a minimum transmission ratio corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity, and determining the transmission ratio range of the single-gear speed reducer to be selected according to the maximum transmission ratio and the minimum transmission ratio;
and carrying out economic simulation on the driving motor meeting the power performance target within the transmission ratio range by using a preset step length, and selecting a target single-gear speed reducer meeting the optimal transmission ratio of the economic performance target from the single-gear speed reducers to be selected.
2. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the power rating of the drive motor of the electric vehicle based on the base attribute parameter and the drivability target parameter comprises:
calculating a power demand P1 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining the highest vehicle speed;
calculating the power demand P2 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 4% of the climbing speed;
calculating a power demand P3 of a driving motor corresponding to the electric vehicle maintaining 12% of the climbing vehicle speed;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3 is taken as the rated power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
3. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 2 wherein the step of determining the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle based on the baseline attribute parameter and the power performance target parameter comprises:
calculating the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and the half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmax；
Calculating the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmax；
According to the basic attribute parameters, the dynamic performance target and the wheel edge peak torque demand TwmaxAnd a wheel rim maximum speed requirement nwmaxDetermining that the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P4 of the driving motor corresponding to 0-50km/h starting acceleration and the electric vehicle meets the power requirement P5 of the driving motor corresponding to 50-80km/h overtaking acceleration;
the maximum one of the power demand P1, the power demand P2 and the power demand P3, the power demand P4 and the power demand P5 is taken as the peak power of the drive motor of the electric vehicle.
4. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 3 further comprising, after said step of selecting a drive motor that meets a power performance target based on said rated power and peak power:
determining the highest rotating speed n of the selected driving motor according to the characteristic parameters of the driving motor meeting the power performance targetmaxAnd peak torque Tmax。
5. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 4 wherein the step of determining a maximum gear ratio corresponding to a highest vehicle speed of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel edge maximum rotating speed requirement n corresponding to the maximum speed of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected maximum speed n of the drive motormaxDetermining a maximum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum vehicle speed of the electric vehicle0max：
Wherein i01Is a gear ratio greater than the highest vehicle speed in the power performance target parameter.
6. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 4 wherein the step of determining a minimum gear ratio corresponding to a maximum gradeability of the electric vehicle comprises:
according to the wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the maximum climbing gradient and half slope starting of the electric vehiclewmaxAnd the selected peak torque T of the drive motormaxDetermining a minimum transmission ratio i corresponding to the maximum climbing capacity of the electric vehicle0min：
Wherein i02The wheel side peak torque demand T corresponding to the start of the half slope with the maximum climbing gradient of the electric vehicle is larger thanwmaxThe transmission ratio, η, is the driveline efficiency of the electric vehicle under test.
7. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 1 further comprising, after the step of determining a maximum gear ratio corresponding to a highest vehicle speed of the electric vehicle:
and calculating the adhesion rate of the driving wheel, checking whether the adhesion condition meets the requirements of ascending or accelerating, and selecting the driving motor meeting the adhesion condition.
8. The method of selecting a single-speed retarder of claim 1 wherein the step of performing an economy simulation of the drive motor meeting the dynamic performance target comprises the step of:
based on various driving conditions, carrying out economic simulation by using a matrix method, and initially selecting a plurality of transmission ratios meeting economic performance targets;
and selecting the largest transmission ratio from the plurality of transmission ratios which meet the economic performance target as the optimal transmission ratio.
9. A selection device of a single-gear reducer, characterized in that it comprises: memory, a processor and a selection program of a single-gear reducer stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the selection program of a single-gear reducer, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method of selecting a single-gear reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon a selection program of a single-gear reducer, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of a method of selecting a single-gear reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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