CN114063671A - Constant temperature control device and method for CT data acquisition system - Google Patents
Constant temperature control device and method for CT data acquisition system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114063671A CN114063671A CN202010746863.9A CN202010746863A CN114063671A CN 114063671 A CN114063671 A CN 114063671A CN 202010746863 A CN202010746863 A CN 202010746863A CN 114063671 A CN114063671 A CN 114063671A
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
Abstract
The invention relates to a constant temperature control device and a constant temperature control method for a CT data acquisition system. Compared with the prior art, a plurality of temperature sensors have improved the accuracy of feedback temperature value, and a plurality of heating strips and a plurality of radiator fan have realized the accurate adjustment of temperature, and then have improved inside temperature constancy and the homogeneity of collection box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of CT, in particular to a constant temperature control device and method for a CT data acquisition system.
Background
In the application process of the CT device, the examination data of the patient is obtained through the data acquisition system, and the examination data is processed through a certain reconstruction algorithm, so that the examination image of the patient is obtained.
The CT examination image quality of a patient determines the diagnosis analysis efficiency and the etiology positioning accuracy of the patient's condition, in the practical CT application, because the CT relates to various processing modules, various precision systems are often included, the precision systems can influence the CT image quality by various factors, wherein the data acquisition system is used as a core component for data acquisition, the accuracy of the data acquired by the data acquisition system can directly influence the generated CT image quality, each detector module in the data acquisition system can cause distortion of scanning data due to various interferences and noises, thereby causing image artifacts and seriously influencing the reading of a hospital technician, and the characteristics of the detector module determine that the detector module is very sensitive to the environmental temperature, so the internal temperature of the data acquisition system, as an important interference factor, can influence the accuracy of the data acquired by the data acquisition system, when scanning operation is carried out, the internal temperature of the data acquisition system needs to be kept constant. On the other hand, the service life of the detector is also affected by the ambient temperature and humidity, and the ambient temperature of the detector module is required to be constant even when the CT is in a standby state or a shutdown state. In summary, for the data acquisition system of CT, corresponding measures and devices are required to keep the internal temperature of the data acquisition system constant, so as to improve the image quality of CT scanning and the service life of the detector.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a constant temperature control device and a constant temperature control method for a CT data acquisition system.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a CT data acquisition system thermostatic control device, is including setting up in inside a plurality of temperature sensor, a plurality of heating strip and a plurality of radiator fan of data acquisition box, temperature sensor, heating strip and radiator fan are connected with the temperature control box, the main control equipment is connected to the temperature control box, independent power is connected to the temperature control box.
The plurality of temperature sensors are respectively arranged on different box walls of the collection box, the plurality of heating strips are respectively arranged on different box walls of the collection box, and the plurality of cooling fans are respectively arranged on different box walls of the collection box.
The temperature control box include main processing unit and drive circuit unit, main processing unit includes microprocessor and the power conversion module, Flash module, DDR memory module, timer module, watchdog module, IO module, I2C module and the CAN module of being connected with microprocessor, independent power passes through power conversion module and connects microprocessor, microprocessor passes through the I2C module and is connected with temperature sensor, microprocessor passes through the CAN module and is connected with master control equipment, microprocessor loops through IO module and drive circuit unit and is connected with heating strip and radiator fan respectively.
The microprocessor is an STM32F103C8T6 microprocessor.
The heat radiation fan is connected with the honeycomb waveguide plate.
A dustproof sponge block is arranged between the honeycomb waveguide plate and the cooling fan.
A thermostatic control method using the CT data acquisition system thermostatic control device, the method comprising the steps of:
step S1: the temperature control box acquires temperature data of a plurality of temperature sensors and a constant temperature target of the master control equipment;
step S2: the temperature control box fuses the temperature data of the plurality of temperature sensors;
step S3: and comparing the fusion temperature data with the constant temperature target, if the fusion temperature data is higher than the constant temperature target, starting the cooling fan by the temperature control box, and if the fusion temperature data is lower than the constant temperature target, starting the heating strip by the temperature control box.
The calculation formula for fusing the temperature data of the plurality of temperature sensors is as follows:
wherein, TnIs temperature data of the nth temperature sensor, wnIs the weight of the nth temperature sensor, which is related to the distance of the temperature sensor from the CT data acquisition point.
The temperature control box realizes starting the cooling fan and the heating strips through a fuzzy controller, the input of the fuzzy controller is the deviation and the deviation change rate of fusing temperature data and a constant temperature target, and the output is the regulating variable of the cooling fan rotating speed control duty ratio and the heating strip control duty ratio.
The fuzzy subset of the input and the output is { negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, positive large }, the input fuzzy domain is { -30, -20, -10,0,10,20,30}, and the output fuzzy domain is { -100, -50, -25,0,25,50,100 }.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopt a plurality of temperature sensor, a plurality of heating strip and a plurality of radiator fan, a plurality of temperature sensor have improved the accuracy of feedback temperature value, and a plurality of heating strips and a plurality of radiator fan have realized the accurate adjustment of temperature, and then have improved inside temperature constancy and the homogeneity of collection box.
(2) By adopting a fuzzy control algorithm, the robustness of the constant temperature control system is ensured, the temperature oscillation is reduced, the temperature deviation is reduced, and the temperature constancy and accuracy in the data acquisition box are improved.
(3) The honeycomb waveguide plate is adopted, so that the requirements of ventilation and heat dissipation are met, and the requirements of electromagnetic shielding performance are met.
(4) And an external independent power supply is adopted for supplying power, and constant temperature control is continuously performed under the condition that the main circuit is powered off or in a standby state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat dissipation fan and a honeycomb waveguide plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fuzzy rule view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a conventional PID temperature step response curve;
FIG. 7 is a fuzzy PID temperature step response curve of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1 is a master control device; 2 is a temperature sensor; 3 is a heat radiation fan; 4 is a heating strip; 5 is a collection box; 6 is an independent power supply; 7 is a driving circuit unit; 8 is a microprocessor; 9 is a Flash module; 10 is DDR memory module; 11 is a timer module; 12 is a watchdog module; 13 is an IO module; 14 is an I2C module; 15 is a CAN module; 16 is a honeycomb waveguide plate; and 17 is a power supply conversion module.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
The embodiment provides a thermostatic control device of a CT data acquisition system, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a plurality of temperature sensors 2, a plurality of heating strips 4 and a plurality of cooling fans 3 arranged inside a data acquisition box 5, wherein the temperature sensors 2, the heating strips 4 and the cooling fans 3 are connected with a temperature control box, the temperature control box is connected with a main control device 1, the temperature control box is connected with an independent power supply 6, and the independent power supply 6 is a power supply independent of the thermostatic control device; a plurality of temperature sensor 2 have improved the accuracy of feedback temperature value, and a plurality of heating strips 4 and a plurality of radiator fan 3 have realized the accurate adjustment of temperature, and then have improved inside temperature constancy and the homogeneity of collection box 5.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
The collection box 5 of this embodiment is a rectangular metal box mainly formed by splicing six metal plates, and is internally provided with a corresponding CT data collection module to form a closed darkroom to complete the collection of CT scanning data. The heating strips 4, the temperature sensor 2 and the cooling fan 3 are arranged on the inner sides of the front box wall, the top box wall, the left box wall and the right box wall of the collection box 5, and the front, the top, the left and the right are referred to as the figure 1.
A plurality of temperature sensor 2 set up respectively in the different inner walls of collection box 5, and a plurality of heating strip 4 set up respectively in the different inner walls of collection box 5, and a plurality of radiator fan 3 set up respectively in the different inner walls of collection box 5. Two temperature sensors 2, a heating strip 4 and two radiator fans 3 are respectively installed on the front box wall, the top box wall, the left side box wall and the right side box wall of the embodiment, and the temperature sensors 2, the heating strip 4 and the radiator fans 3 in the collection box 5 are only required to be multiple in nature, and the installation number of the embodiment is not required to be met.
The temperature sensor 2 is connected with the temperature control box through a wiring harness L2 and communicates through an I2C protocol; the heating strips 4 mainly radiate heat through the heating strips 4 when the temperature of a darkroom is too low, so that the ambient temperature is increased; the heat radiation fans 3 are respectively installed at the heat radiation windows, which are formed by opening square holes.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat dissipation fan 3 is connected to the honeycomb waveguide plate 16 at the heat dissipation window, wherein the heat dissipation fan 3 is connected to the temperature control box through a wiring harness L3, and the temperature control box controls the rotation of the heat dissipation fan 3 to ensure the air circulation inside the collection box 5, so as to reduce the temperature of the collection box 5. The collection box 5 needs ventilation and heat dissipation, holes are inevitably formed in the box wall, so that electronic equipment inside the collection box 5 is subjected to external electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic waves are radiated to the outside to cause electromagnetic leakage, and normal work of other equipment is affected. The honeycomb waveguide plate 16 has a skin effect, the wall thickness of a tubular metal structure of the honeycomb waveguide plate 16 can be very small, and the total open area is correspondingly increased; the honeycomb waveguide plate 16 not only meets the requirements of ventilation and heat dissipation, but also meets the requirements of electromagnetic shielding performance.
The model of the temperature sensor 2 is AHT10, the measurement range is-40 to +85 ℃, the temperature precision is plus or minus 0.3 ℃, and the power supply voltage is 3.3V.
The heat dissipation window is square, 70mm long and 70mm wide.
The cooling fan 3 is a direct current fan, a driving circuit supplies power of 12V, the size is 60 x 15mm, and the maximum rotating speed is 5700 revolutions per minute.
The honeycomb waveguide plate 16 was 70 x 15mm in size and the internal honeycomb aperture was 6 mm. The radiator fan 3 and the honeycomb waveguide plate 16 are fixed together by bolts. A dustproof sponge block is placed between the honeycomb waveguide plate 16 and the heat radiation fan 3 for removing dust.
The heating strip 4 is powered by 12V, and the maximum power is 5W. The heating strip 4 is connected to the temperature control box by a wiring harness L4.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature control box includes a power conversion module 17, a main processing unit and a driving circuit unit 7, the main processing unit includes a microprocessor 8 and a Flash module 9 connected with the microprocessor 8, a DDR memory module 10, a timer module 11, a watchdog module 12, an IO module 13, an I2C module 14 and a CAN module 15, the embodiment further includes a serial port communication module, the independent power supply 6 is connected with the microprocessor 8 through the power conversion module 17, the microprocessor 8 is connected with the temperature sensor 2 through the I2C module 14, the microprocessor 8 is connected with the main control device 1 through the CAN module 15, the microprocessor 8 is respectively connected with the heating bar 4 and the cooling fan 3 through the IO module 13 and the driving circuit unit 7 in sequence, and the microprocessor 8 performs debugging information interaction with an external debugging terminal through the serial port communication module. The microprocessor 8 is connected to the other modules in the main processing unit via a local system bus.
The driving circuit unit 7 mainly comprises a MOS transistor, a triode and an optocoupler, and is used for controlling the power supply of the heating strip 4 and the cooling fan 3. The drive circuit unit 7 is prior art.
The microprocessor 8 outputs a PWM control signal enableFan of the cooling fan 3 through the IO module 13 to control the rotation speed of the cooling fan 3; the microprocessor 8 outputs a PWM control signal enableHeater of the heating bar 4 through the IO module 13 to control a power supply voltage of the heating bar 4.
The model of the microprocessor 8 is STM32F103C8T6, and the main frequency is 72M Hz.
The DDR memory module 10 provides memory space for the main processing unit to run system programs and application programs, and the size of the memory space is 16 MB.
The serial port communication module mainly completes the receiving and sending of debugging information, the baud rate is 1152000bps, and RS232 level is used.
The I2C module 14 mainly completes the interaction of I2C data, and the baud rate is 400 Kbps.
The CAN module 15 mainly completes the receiving and sending of CAN messages, supports the CAN protocol 2.0B, has the Baud rate of 1Mbps, and uses differential signals.
The power conversion module 17 converts the voltage of the independent power supply 6 into 3.3V to supply power to the main processing unit.
The watchdog module 12 mainly detects the running state of the main processing unit, and when the main processing unit is abnormal or the program runs off, the watchdog module 12 can reset the main processing unit.
The timer module 11 provides a timer interrupt signal of 50ms period to the main processing unit.
The operating system running on the microprocessor 8 is an embedded FreeRTOS operating system, which is a secure, real-time, reliable embedded operating system with microkernel features. The main processing software running on the main processing unit adopts standard C language and assembly language for software development.
The present embodiment further provides a thermostatic control method for a CT data acquisition system, and a basic control block diagram is shown in fig. 4.
When the system starts, the temperature control box heats according to the set temperature, and at the moment, the cooling fan 3 stops rotating, so that the ambient temperature can quickly reach the target temperature. Once the ambient temperature exceeds the target temperature, the temperature control box controls the heat dissipation fan 3 to rotate for heat dissipation, and controls the voltage applied to the heating strip 4 to slow down the heating and reduce the heat dissipation speed, thereby reducing the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature drops below the target temperature, the temperature control box controls the voltage of the cooling fan 3 and the voltage of the heating strip 4 to re-heat, so that the ambient temperature reaches dynamic balance near the target temperature. The temperature control box mainly receives a constant temperature target of the main control equipment 1, and after the constant temperature target is processed by the temperature control box, the temperature control box controls the cooling fan 3 and the heating strip 4 to control the temperature of the collection box 5 to reach a balance state.
The temperature control box takes the constant temperature target sent by the main control equipment 1 as input control information, takes the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor 2 as a feedback value, and calculates the temperature control error according to the input value and the feedback value until the temperature error meets the control precision requirement.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
101. after the device is started, initializing each module of the temperature control box;
102. the charging control box initializes the I2C, the CAN and the serial port module, sets normal communication parameters, establishes CAN communication with the main control equipment 1, establishes I2C communication with the temperature sensor 2 and is in a standby state;
103. the charging control box communicates with all the temperature sensors 2 through an I2C bus, initializes the temperature sensors 2, sets the acquisition parameters of the temperature sensors 2, calibrates the temperature sensors 2, and enables the temperature sensors 2) to be in a standby state;
104. the temperature control box performs logic operation processing;
105. if a constant temperature target sent by the main control device 1 through the CAN is received, executing step 106; otherwise, executing step 107;
106. updating a constant temperature set value, namely modifying a default constant temperature value into a constant temperature target;
107. sequentially acquiring temperature data of 8 temperature sensors 2 through an I2C bus;
108. the information processing is carried out on the obtained temperature data through the information fusion processing logic of the temperature sensor 2;
109. sending the temperature data of the 8 sensors and the fused temperature data to the main control equipment 1 for displaying;
110. if the difference value between the fusion temperature data and the constant temperature target is not within the allowable error range, executing step 111; otherwise, returning to the step 104;
111. if the fusion temperature data is higher than the constant temperature target, go to step 112; otherwise, returning to the step 113;
112. the temperature control box is processed by a fuzzy controller, outputs an enable Fan signal and controls the rotating speed of the cooling fan 3; then returning to the step 104;
113. if the fusion temperature data is lower than the constant temperature target, go to step 114; otherwise, returning to the step 104;
114. the temperature control box is processed by a fuzzy controller, outputs an enable heater signal and controls the heating strip 4 to supply power; then returning to the step 104;
the fusion principle of the temperature data of the plurality of temperature sensors 2 is as follows:
non-uniform temperature distribution within the collection chamber may result from factors such as air flow, air pressure, heater characteristics, heat transfer characteristics, etc. The actual temperature data at different locations may not be consistent with the deviation from the constant temperature target. Resulting in inconsistent temperatures at various locations within the interior.
A plurality of temperature sensors 2 are employed, and the temperature sensors 2 are arranged in accordance with the temperature distribution characteristics. And the temperature data of a plurality of temperature sensors 2 are fused, so that the temperature error caused by the arrangement of the temperature sensors 2 is reduced.
Installation setting requirements of the temperature sensor 2:
1. the temperature sensor 2 is as close as possible to the CT data acquisition module.
2. The number of the temperature sensors 2 is as large as possible, and errors caused by installation positions are made up.
Suppose there are K temperature sensors, TnReal-time temperature data for the nth temperature sensor, wnThe temperature distribution weight for the nth temperature sensor (which can be determined from actual experimental testing and thermal design simulation, as a function of how far the temperature sensor is from the CT data acquisition point).
The fuzzy controller principle is as follows:
the constant temperature control device of the CT data acquisition system is a multi-input multi-output complex system, the temperature control system has the characteristics of difficult modeling, strong coupling, nonlinearity, multivariable, large hysteresis, time-varying property and the like, and generally, in order to enable traditional control algorithms such as pole allocation and PID (proportion integration differentiation) to show excellent control characteristics in the temperature control system, the model parameters and the temperature response of the known device are required to have ideal performance. However, in practical applications, it is difficult to meet these requirements.
There are also a number of uncertainties with thermostatic control devices: 1) physical properties of materials, heat dissipation properties, air pressure, air flow, information fusion of sensors and other factors, and 2) temperature time lag and sensor errors. Therefore, when controlling the temperature, the control algorithm must be robust against these uncertainties.
In fact, due to the above uncertainty, it is difficult for the conventional control method to obtain a good control effect. When the method is used, the control experience of a person on a certain event is firstly converted into a fuzzy rule base, input signals and feedback signals are quantized and fuzzified, then fuzzy reasoning is carried out on input fuzzy information by using fuzzy rules in a fuzzy set to obtain the number of fuzzy controllers, and the fuzzy controllers are defuzzified and converted and then applied to an actuator of a controlled object, so that a control task is realized.
The control experience is as follows:
if the fusion temperature data is higher than the constant temperature target, the heating strip is closed to supply power, the cooling fan rotates to cool, and the larger the temperature difference value is, the larger the rotation voltage of the cooling fan is controlled to be;
if the fusion temperature data is lower than the constant temperature target, the cooling fan is turned off, the power supply voltage of the heating strip is increased, and the heating voltage of the heating strip is controlled to be larger if the temperature difference is larger.
According to the above experience, the fuzzy control rule is designed according to the following steps:
1) determining observed and controlled quantities
Defining the temperature of the constant temperature target as T0And selecting the PWM duty ratio corresponding to the voltage difference, and taking the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec of the fusion temperature data T to the constant temperature target as observed quantities.
2) Fuzzification of input and output quantities
The deviation e is divided into five fuzzy sets: negative Big (NB), Negative Small (NS), zero (O), Positive Small (PS) and Positive Big (PB), and the ambiguity domains of the deviation e and the deviation change rate ec are all { -30, -20, -10,0,10,20,30 }.
The control quantity R is the regulating quantity of the control duty ratio of the rotating speed of the cooling fan and the regulating quantity of the control duty ratio of the heating strips. It is divided into five fuzzy sets: negative large (NB), Negative Small (NS), Zero (ZO), Positive Small (PS) and positive large (PB). And the variation range of R is divided into 7 grades: { -100, -50, -25,0,25,50,100}.
3) Establishing fuzzy rules, and describing the fuzzy rule table in table 1.
TABLE 1 fuzzy rule Table
| e\R\ec | NB | NM | NS | ZO | PS | PM | PB |
| NB | NB | NB | NB | NM | NM | NM | NM |
| NM | NB | NM | NM | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| NS | NM | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| ZO | PS | PS | ZO | ZO | ZO | NS | NS |
| PS | PS | PS | PS | PS | PS | PS | PM |
| PM | PS | PS | PS | PS | PM | PM | PB |
| PB | PM | PM | PM | PM | PB | PB | PB |
The deviation e and the deviation change rate ec of the fused temperature data from the constant temperature target are calculated as follows:
e＝T–T0
ec＝Δe/Δt
t is fusion temperature data, T0For a constant temperature target, the transfer function is as follows:
Ktamplification factor, TrIs a time constant.
As can be seen from comparison between FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the PID temperature step response curve of the present embodiment is smoother after the fuzzy control is added.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a CT data acquisition system thermostatic control device, its characterized in that, including setting up in a plurality of temperature sensor (2), a plurality of heating strip (4) and a plurality of radiator fan (3) of data acquisition case (5) inside, temperature sensor (2), heating strip (4) and radiator fan (3) are connected with the temperature control box, main control unit (1) is connected to the temperature control box, independent power source (6) is connected to the temperature control box.
2. The thermostatic control device for CT data acquisition system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said temperature sensors (2) are respectively disposed on different walls of the acquisition box (5), a plurality of said heating strips (4) are respectively disposed on different walls of the acquisition box (5), and a plurality of said cooling fans (3) are respectively disposed on different walls of the acquisition box (5).
3. The CT data acquisition system thermostatic control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature control box comprises a main processing unit and a driving circuit unit (7), the main processing unit comprises a microprocessor (8) and a power conversion module (17), a Flash module (9), a DDR memory module (10), a timer module (11), a watchdog module (12), an IO module (13), an I2C module (14) and a CAN module (15) which are connected with the microprocessor (8), the independent power supply (6) is connected with the microprocessor (8) through the power conversion module (17), the microprocessor (8) is connected with the temperature sensor (2) through the I2C module (14), the microprocessor (8) is connected with the main control device (1) through the CAN module (15), and the microprocessor (8) is respectively connected with the heating bar (4) and the cooling fan (3) through the IO module (13) and the driving circuit unit (7) in sequence.
4. A CT data acquisition system thermostat control device according to claim 3, characterized in that the microprocessor (8) is an STM32F103C8T6 microprocessor.
5. The thermostatic control device for CT data acquisition system according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation fan (3) is connected to the cellular waveguide plate (16).
6. The thermostatic control device for CT data acquisition system according to claim 5, wherein a dustproof sponge block is arranged between the honeycomb waveguide plate (16) and the heat dissipation fan (3).
7. A method of thermostatically controlling a CT data acquisition system using a thermostatically controlling device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: the temperature control box acquires temperature data of a plurality of temperature sensors and a constant temperature target of the master control equipment;
step S2: the temperature control box fuses the temperature data of the plurality of temperature sensors;
step S3: and comparing the fusion temperature data with the constant temperature target, if the fusion temperature data is higher than the constant temperature target, starting the cooling fan by the temperature control box, and if the fusion temperature data is lower than the constant temperature target, starting the heating strip by the temperature control box.
8. The thermostatic control method for a CT data acquisition system according to claim 7, wherein the calculation formula for fusing the temperature data of the plurality of temperature sensors is:
wherein, TnIs temperature data of the nth temperature sensor, wnIs the weight of the nth temperature sensor, which is related to the distance of the temperature sensor from the CT data acquisition point.
9. The thermostatic control method for the CT data acquisition system according to claim 7, wherein the temperature control box starts the heat radiation fan and the heating bars through a fuzzy controller, the input of the fuzzy controller is the deviation and the deviation change rate of the fused temperature data and the constant temperature target, and the output of the fuzzy controller is the regulating quantity of the heat radiation fan rotating speed control duty ratio and the heating bar control duty ratio.
10. The CT data acquisition system thermostat control method of claim 9, wherein the fuzzy subset of inputs and outputs is { negative large, negative medium, negative small, zero, positive small, positive medium, positive large }, the ambiguity field of the inputs is { -30, -20, -10,0,10,20,30}, and the ambiguity field of the outputs is { -100, -50, -25,0,25,50,100 }.
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