CN114061905A - Device and method for generating laser absorption wave by combined laser - Google Patents
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Abstract
A device and a method for generating laser absorption waves by combined laser belong to the technical field of laser. The invention aims to provide a device and a method for generating laser absorption waves by combined laser, which can prolong the maintaining time of laser absorption wave fracture by increasing the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave so as to increase the maintaining time of the impact force of the laser absorption wave. The method is characterized in that a continuous green laser and a second focusing lens are additionally arranged at a corresponding sample target point, and the emission target points of the continuous green laser and the second focusing lens are the same as the emission points of a first laser and a first focusing lens; the front ends of the first laser and the continuous green laser are respectively provided with a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are both connected with an oscilloscope, the first laser and the continuous green laser are both connected with a delay generating device, and the delay generating device is connected with a high-speed camera. The invention provides an effective way for accelerating laser absorption waves so as to prolong the propagation time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser.
Background
With the rapid development of the related technology in the aerospace field, space debris is increased gradually, the space debris has huge destructive power due to the fact that the relative speed of the debris is high, if the space debris collides with a satellite, a manned spacecraft or an international space station in operation, the life of equipment and even astronauts can be endangered, and huge potential safety hazards are brought to the aerospace industry. Laser propulsion technology can be used to clear space debris from the track. The laser propulsion technology utilizes high-power laser to irradiate target fragments to generate laser absorption waves so as to obtain propulsion, and space fragments complete track conversion so as to avoid collision.
At present, as shown in fig. 1, a method for generating a comparatively common laser absorption wave includes 101 being a laser, 102 being a focusing lens with a focal length of 100mm, 103 being a 532nm continuous green laser, 104 being a 10-fold beam expander, 105 being a sample, 106 being a focusing lens with a focal length of 50mm, 107 being a filter attenuation plate, and 108 being a high-speed camera. In the known single pulse laser, there are the following disadvantages in the method of generating a laser absorption wave; when the single laser is long-pulse laser, the long-pulse laser mainly generates plasma in a heat transfer mode to generate laser absorption waves, and the propagation speed of the laser absorption waves is relatively low, so that the impact force generated by the laser absorption waves is small. When a single laser is short pulse laser, the short pulse laser mainly generates plasma in a non-heating mode to generate laser absorption waves, and the laser absorption waves have relatively high speed but short maintenance time, so that the maintenance time of impact force generated by the laser absorption waves is short. At present, the problems of small impact strength, short duration and the like generated by laser absorption waves due to limited laser parameter adjustment of the existing single laser cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for generating laser absorption waves by using combined laser, which are based on the original single pulse laser, and are provided with a laser light path to form the combined pulse laser to promote the acceleration of the laser absorption waves, so that the maintaining time of the laser absorption waves is prolonged by increasing the propagation speed of the laser absorption waves, and the maintaining time of the impact force of the laser absorption waves is prolonged.
The method is characterized in that a continuous green laser and a second focusing lens are additionally arranged at a corresponding sample target point, and the emission target points of the continuous green laser and the second focusing lens are the same as the emission points of a first laser and a first focusing lens; the front ends of the first laser and the continuous green laser are respectively provided with a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are both connected with an oscilloscope, the first laser and the continuous green laser are both connected with a delay generating device, and the delay generating device is connected with a high-speed camera.
The working process of the device of the invention is as follows:
s1, before the first laser emits laser, transmitting a digital trigger signal to the delay generating device through an IO trigger line, starting timing by the delay generating device, transmitting the digital trigger signal to the high-speed camera and the second laser through the IO trigger line respectively under the condition that the set delay is achieved, starting working after the high-speed camera and the second laser receive the trigger signal, and triggering the time sequence;
s2, when the first photoelectric detector detects that the first laser emits laser, the first photoelectric detector converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmits the electrical signal to the oscilloscope, when the second photoelectric detector detects that the second laser emits laser, the second photoelectric detector also converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and transmits the electrical signal to the oscilloscope, and the pulse delay of the first laser and the second laser can be obtained through the rising edges of the two electrical signals of the oscilloscope, so that the pulse delay measured by the oscilloscope is 0.8ms and 1.4 ms;
s3, enabling the laser emitted by the first laser to pass through a first focusing lens, and focusing the laser to a mm magnitude by the focusing lens, so that the laser emitted by the first laser is irradiated on a sample to generate laser plasma;
s4, enabling the laser emitted by the second laser to pass through a second focusing lens, and focusing the laser to a mm magnitude by the focusing lens, so that the laser emitted by the second laser is irradiated on the sample;
s5, the first laser, the first focusing lens and the sample form a first path of laser output light path, the second laser, the second focusing lens and the sample form a second path of laser output light path, and the included angle between the first path of laser output light path and the second path of laser output light path is not more than 5 degrees.
The method for absorbing the wave comprises the following steps:
(1) the millisecond laser emits a square wave signal to the delay generating device 3ms before emitting laser, the delay generating device enters a timing mode, and a trigger signal is emitted to the high-speed camera;
(2) when the timing of the delay generating device reaches the triggering time of the high-speed camera, the high-speed camera starts to work, and then the millisecond laser emits laser to irradiate the monocrystalline silicon and starts to generate laser plasma;
(3) when the timing of the delay generating device reaches the triggering time of the nanosecond laser, the nanosecond laser emits laser and the millisecond laser irradiate on the same point of the monocrystalline silicon, and laser absorption waves begin to be generated;
(4) a 532nm green laser is expanded by a 10-time beam expander and then vertically enters a plasma expansion area in front of a target, the generation of laser absorption waves causes the change of air flow density, so that the change of the refractive index is caused, a bright area and a shadow area are formed, the size of the image area of a high-speed camera is reduced by a focusing lens, and the evolution process of the laser absorption waves generated in the process of irradiating the surface of a combined laser sample is recorded by the high frame frequency of the high-speed camera;
(5) obtaining the propagation form of the laser absorption wave through pictures acquired by a high-speed camera, calculating the propagation distance of the laser absorption wave through a scale, and calculating the propagation speed according to the propagation distance under different time sequences by a formula
The calculation can be carried out, wherein,
and
is the propagation distance of laser absorption wave under different time sequences; t is the timing difference of the two propagation distances.
The invention realizes the increase of the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave through a reasonable combination mode, thereby increasing the propagation time of the laser absorption wave. The present invention uses a combination laser to generate a laser absorption wave to achieve an increase in the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave. By combining the laser absorption wave detection system generated by laser, the propagation form and distance of the laser absorption wave can be obtained, the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave is further calculated, the laser condition parameters of the laser absorption wave acceleration phenomenon are obtained, and an effective way is provided for laser absorption wave acceleration, so that the propagation time is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art method of laser generating a laser absorption wave;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for combining laser light to generate a laser absorption wave according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of combining lasers to produce a laser absorption wave;
fig. 4 is a timing diagram of the triggering of the device for generating a laser absorption wave in combination with a laser.
Detailed Description
The invention solves the technical problem caused by single laser parameter in the method for generating laser absorption wave by single pulse laser, and provides a method and a system for generating laser absorption wave by combined laser.
The invention comprises the following steps: the device comprises a first laser, a second laser, a first focusing lens, a second focusing lens, a sample, a photoelectric detector, a time delay generating device, an oscilloscope, a 532nm continuous green laser, a laser beam expander, a focusing lens, a light filtering attenuation sheet, a high-speed camera, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector.
Before the first laser emits laser, transmitting a digital trigger signal to the delay generating device through an IO trigger line, starting timing by the delay generating device, and transmitting the digital trigger signal to the high-speed camera and the second laser through the IO trigger line under the condition that the set delay is achieved; the trigger signal is a square wave signal.
When the first photoelectric detector detects that the first laser emits laser, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope, when the second photoelectric detector detects that the second laser emits laser, the optical signal is also converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope, the pulse delay of the first laser and the pulse delay of the second laser can be obtained through the rising edges of the two electrical signals of the oscilloscope, and the pulse delay device is arranged according to the pulse delay measured by the oscilloscope.
The laser light emitted by the first laser passes through a first focusing lens, and the focusing lens focuses the laser light to a mm magnitude, so that the laser light emitted by the first laser is irradiated on the sample.
The laser light emitted by the second laser passes through a second focusing lens, and the focusing lens focuses the laser light to a mm magnitude, so that the laser light emitted by the second laser is irradiated on the sample.
The first laser, the first focusing lens and the sample form a first laser output light path, the second laser, the second focusing lens and the sample form a second laser output light path, and the included angle between the first laser output light path and the second laser output light path is not more than 5 degrees.
The 532nm continuous green laser, the laser beam expander, the focusing lens, the filtering attenuation sheet and the high-speed camera are perpendicular to a first laser path for outputting laser; the laser beam expander is arranged on one side of the sample and the 532nm continuous green laser close to the continuous green laser; the focusing lens and the filter attenuation sheet are sequentially arranged on the sample and one side of the high-speed camera close to the high-speed camera.
A 532nm green laser is expanded by a 10-time beam expander and then vertically enters a plasma expansion area in front of a target, and the generation of laser absorption waves causes the change of air flow density, so that the change of the refractive index is caused, and a bright area and a shadow area are formed; the focusing lens reduces the plasma expansion area to the size of the imaging area of the high-speed camera; the attenuation optical filter avoids the phenomenon of light saturation of the high-speed camera;
when the time delay generating device transmits the trigger signal to the high-speed camera, the high-speed camera records the evolution process of the laser absorption wave generated in the process of irradiating the surface of the combined laser sample through high frame frequency.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for generating a laser absorption wave by a combined laser is provided, which is applied to the system as described above, and comprises:
irradiating the combined laser at the same point of the sample, wherein the included angle between the first light path and the second light path is not more than 5 degrees;
the first laser emits laser, the laser passes through the first focusing lens and is focused on the surface of a sample to generate laser plasma; after the set pulse delay, the laser emitted by the second laser passes through the second focusing lens and is focused on the plasma generated by the first laser;
the laser plasma generated by the first laser provides initial electrons for the laser absorption wave generated by the second laser, so that the laser absorption wave generated by the second laser generates an acceleration phenomenon.
The invention adds a laser, a delay generator, a photodetector and an oscilloscope, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system device for generating laser absorption waves by a combined laser according to an embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the system comprises: the device comprises a first laser 1, a first focusing lens 2, a sample 3, a second laser 4, a second focusing lens 5, a 532nm continuous green laser 6, a beam expander 7, a third focusing lens 8, a filter attenuator 9, a high-speed camera 10, a delay generating device 11, a first photoelectric detector 12, a second photoelectric detector 13 and an oscilloscope 14.
Before the first laser 1 emits laser, a digital trigger signal is transmitted to the delay generating device 11 through the IO trigger line, the delay generating device 11 starts timing, and when the delay is set, the digital trigger signal is transmitted to the high-speed camera 10 and the second laser 4 through the IO trigger line, respectively, and the high-speed camera 10 and the second laser 4 start working after receiving the trigger signal, and the trigger timing sequence is as shown in fig. 3.
When the first photoelectric detector 12 detects that the first laser 1 emits laser light, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope 14, when the second photoelectric detector 13 detects that the second laser 4 emits laser light, the optical signal is also converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope 14, pulse delay of the first laser 1 and the second laser 4 can be obtained through rising edges of the two electrical signals of the oscilloscope, and the pulse delay measured by the oscilloscope 14 is 0.8ms and 1.4 ms.
The first laser 1 emits laser light and passes through the first focusing lens 2, and the focusing lens 2 focuses the laser light to mm magnitude, so that the laser light emitted by the first laser 1 is irradiated on the sample 3 to generate laser plasma.
The laser light emitted by the second laser 4 passes through a second focusing lens 5, which focuses the laser light to the mm scale, so that the laser light emitted by the second laser 4 is irradiated on the sample 3.
In this embodiment, the focal lengths of the first focusing lens 2 and the second focusing lens 5 are both 100mm, the first laser 1 is a 1064nm millisecond laser, the second laser 4 is a 1064nm nanosecond laser, and the sample 3 is single crystal silicon.
The first laser 1, the first focusing lens 2 and the sample 3 form a first laser output light path, the second laser 4, the second focusing lens 5 and the sample 3 form a second laser output light path, and the included angle between the first laser output light path and the second laser output light path is not more than 5 degrees.
The 532nm continuous green laser 6, the laser beam expander 7, the focusing lens 8, the filter attenuation sheet 9 and the high-speed camera 10 are perpendicular to a first laser path for outputting laser; the laser beam expander 7 is arranged between the sample 3 and the 532nm continuous green laser 6 and close to one side of the continuous green laser 6; a focusing lens 8 and a filter attenuator 9 are disposed in this order on the sample 3 and the high-speed camera 10 side near the high-speed camera 10.
Wherein the beam expansion multiple of the laser beam expander 7 is 10 times, and the focal length of the focusing lens 8 is 50 mm;
a 532nm green laser 6 is expanded by a laser expander 7 and then vertically enters a plasma expansion area in front of a target, and the generation of laser absorption waves causes the change of air flow density, so that the change of the refractive index is caused, and a bright area and a shadow area are formed; the focusing lens reduces the plasma expansion area to the size of the imaging area of the high-speed camera; the attenuation optical filter avoids the phenomenon of light saturation of the high-speed camera.
When the delay generating device 11 transmits the trigger signal to the high-speed camera 10, the high-speed camera 10 records the evolution process of the laser absorption wave generated in the process of irradiating the surface of the combined laser sample 3 through the high frame frequency.
In this embodiment, the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser are not limited at all, but the pulse width is preferably selected from a combination of a long pulse laser and a short pulse laser, that is, the first laser is selected to be a millisecond laser, and the second laser is selected to be a nanosecond laser; the delay generating device is used for controlling the delay between the combined lasers, so that the purpose of increasing the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave is achieved; the delay generating device can also trigger the high-speed camera before the combined laser emits the laser, so that the high frame frequency of the delay generating device records the complete evolution process of the laser absorption wave generated by the combined laser; in order to accurately control the combined laser delay, the invention uses a photoelectric detector and an oscilloscope to monitor the laser delay in real time. The invention uses a light filter and an attenuation sheet to be placed in front of a high-speed camera lens in the direction finding to filter stray light, thereby preventing the light saturation phenomenon when the laser generates plasma.
Experiments show that the method for generating the laser absorption wave by combining the lasers can realize the increase of the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave, so that the propagation time of the laser absorption wave is prolonged.
The invention provides a method for generating laser absorption waves by combined laser, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the millisecond laser emits a square wave signal to the delay generating device 3ms before emitting laser, the delay generating device enters a timing mode, and a trigger signal is emitted to the high-speed camera.
(2) When the time of the delay generating device reaches the trigger time of the high-speed camera, the high-speed camera starts to work, and then the millisecond laser emits laser to irradiate the monocrystalline silicon and starts to generate laser plasma.
(3) When the timing of the delay generating device reaches the triggering time of the nanosecond laser, the nanosecond laser emits laser and the millisecond laser irradiate on the same point of the monocrystalline silicon, and laser absorption waves begin to be generated.
(4) A532 nm green laser is expanded by a 10-time beam expander and then vertically enters a plasma expansion area in front of a target, the generation of laser absorption waves causes the change of air flow density, so that the change of the refractive index is caused, a bright area and a shadow area are formed, the size of the image area of a high-speed camera is reduced by a focusing lens, and the evolution process of the laser absorption waves generated in the process of irradiating the surface of a combined laser sample is recorded by the high frame frequency of the high-speed camera.
(5) Obtaining the propagation form of the laser absorption wave through pictures acquired by a high-speed camera, calculating the propagation distance of the laser absorption wave through a scale, and calculating the propagation speed according to the propagation distance under different time sequences by a formula
The calculation can be carried out, wherein,
and
is the propagation distance of laser absorption wave under different time sequences; t is the timing difference of the two propagation distances.
As shown in Table 5, the pulse delay was 0.8ms and the millisecond laser fluence was 226.13J/cm2Nanosecond laser energy density of 12J/cm2Under the condition, the pulse delay is 2.4ms, and the millisecond laser energy density is 301J/cm2Nanosecond laser energy density of 12J/cm2Under the condition, the laser absorption wave generated by the combined laser has an obvious acceleration phenomenon, namely the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave generated by the combined laser is approximately equal to 1.09 times of the propagation speed of the laser absorption wave generated by the nanosecond single-pulse laser. In experiments, the combination laser of millisecond pulse laser and nanosecond pulse laser is used, and when the millisecond laser only forms a layer of thin plasma in front of a target material and a laser absorption wave propagation medium is the plasma, the laser absorption wave can generate an acceleration phenomenon.
TABLE 5 speed-increasing Table for laser absorption wave generated by combination of lasers
Claims (3)
1. A device for generating laser absorption waves by combined laser is characterized in that: a continuous green laser (6) and a second focusing lens (5) are additionally arranged at a target point corresponding to the sample (3), and emission target points of the continuous green laser (6) and the second focusing lens (5) are the same as emission points of the first laser (1) and the first focusing lens (2); a first photoelectric detector (12) and a second photoelectric detector (13) are respectively installed at the front ends of a first laser (1) and a continuous green laser (6), the first photoelectric detector (12) and the second photoelectric detector (13) are both connected with an oscilloscope (14), the first laser (1) and the continuous green laser (6) are both connected with a delay generating device (11), and the delay generating device (11) is connected with a high-speed camera (10).
2. The apparatus for generating a laser absorption wave by combining lasers according to claim 1, wherein: the working process of the device is as follows:
s1, before the first laser (1) emits laser, a digital trigger signal is transmitted to the delay generating device (11) through an IO trigger line, the delay generating device (11) starts timing, the digital trigger signal is transmitted to the high-speed camera (10) and the second laser (4) through the IO trigger line respectively under the condition that the set delay is achieved, the high-speed camera (10) and the second laser (4) start to work after receiving the trigger signal, and the time sequence is triggered;
s2, when the first photoelectric detector (12) detects that the first laser (1) emits laser light, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope (14), when the second photoelectric detector (13) detects that the second laser (4) emits laser light, the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to the oscilloscope (14), pulse delay of the first laser (1) and the second laser (4) can be obtained through rising edges of the two electrical signals of the oscilloscope, and the pulse delay measured by the oscilloscope (14) is 0.8ms and 1.4 ms;
s3, enabling the laser emitted by the first laser (1) to pass through the first focusing lens (2), and focusing the laser to a mm magnitude by the focusing lens (2), so that the laser emitted by the first laser (1) is irradiated on the sample (3) to generate laser plasma;
s4, enabling the laser emitted by the second laser (4) to pass through a second focusing lens (5), and focusing the laser to a mm magnitude by the focusing lens, so that the laser emitted by the second laser (4) is irradiated on the sample (3);
s5, the first laser (1), the first focusing lens (2) and the sample (3) form a first laser output light path, the second laser (4), the second focusing lens (5) and the sample (3) form a second laser output light path, and the included angle between the first laser output light path and the second laser output light path is not more than 5 degrees.
3. A method of absorbing waves in a device according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the millisecond laser emits a square wave signal to the delay generating device 3ms before emitting laser, the delay generating device enters a timing mode, and a trigger signal is emitted to the high-speed camera;
(2) when the timing of the delay generating device reaches the triggering time of the high-speed camera, the high-speed camera starts to work, and then the millisecond laser emits laser to irradiate the monocrystalline silicon and starts to generate laser plasma;
(3) when the timing of the delay generating device reaches the triggering time of the nanosecond laser, the nanosecond laser emits laser and the millisecond laser irradiate on the same point of the monocrystalline silicon, and laser absorption waves begin to be generated;
(4) a 532nm green laser is expanded by a 10-time beam expander and then vertically enters a plasma expansion area in front of a target, the generation of laser absorption waves causes the change of air flow density, so that the change of the refractive index is caused, a bright area and a shadow area are formed, the size of the image area of a high-speed camera is reduced by a focusing lens, and the evolution process of the laser absorption waves generated in the process of irradiating the surface of a combined laser sample is recorded by the high frame frequency of the high-speed camera;
(5) obtaining the propagation form of the laser absorption wave through pictures acquired by a high-speed camera, calculating the propagation distance of the laser absorption wave through a scale, and calculating the propagation speed according to the propagation distance under different time sequences by a formula
The calculation can be carried out, wherein,
and
is the propagation distance of laser absorption wave under different time sequences; t is the timing difference of the two propagation distances.
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