CN114061731A - Non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone - Google Patents

Non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone Download PDF

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CN114061731A
CN114061731A CN202111132784.XA CN202111132784A CN114061731A CN 114061731 A CN114061731 A CN 114061731A CN 202111132784 A CN202111132784 A CN 202111132784A CN 114061731 A CN114061731 A CN 114061731A
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magnetic
cylinder
compliant
optical fiber
polarization
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陆星
李鹏
柏楠
万双爱
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Beijing Automation Control Equipment Institute BACEI
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/004Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors

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Abstract

The invention provides a non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone which comprises a non-magnetic spherical shell, a special-shaped non-magnetic mass block, six compliant cylinders, six non-magnetic top covers, six non-magnetic screws, six polarization-maintaining optical fibers, three polarization-maintaining 2X 2 couplers and six optical fiber reflectors, wherein the special-shaped non-magnetic mass block, the six compliant cylinders, the six non-magnetic top covers, the six non-magnetic screws, the six polarization-maintaining optical fibers, the three polarization-maintaining 2X 2 couplers and the six optical fiber reflectors are arranged in the non-magnetic spherical shell; the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block comprises a square matrix and six cylinders, the axis of each cylinder is vertical to the surface of the cylinder and penetrates through the center of the surface of the cylinder, two circular bosses coaxial with the cylinder on the surface of the cylinder are arranged on each surface of the cylinder, the first circular bosses are connected with the cylinder, and the second circular bosses are arranged on the outer side of the first circular bosses at intervals; the first end of the compliant cylinder is embedded into an annular groove formed by the two circular bosses, the second end of the compliant cylinder is connected with a non-magnetic top cover, and the outer surface of the compliant cylinder is wound with a polarization maintaining optical fiber. The invention can solve the technical problem that the existing interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone can generate magnetic interference on high-sensitivity magnetic anomaly detection.

Description

Non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser and optical fiber sensing, in particular to a non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone.
Background
The optical fiber vector hydrophone is a device for detecting a vector sound field by using an optical fiber sensing technology, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, light structure, easy formation, severe environment resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. The interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone based on the optical phase detection principle has the highest sensitivity, can realize the measurement of extremely small variation, and is a representative of a high-performance optical fiber sensor.
With the continuous development of underwater target stealth technology, a detection mode based on a single means faces a serious challenge, and the acousto-magnetic composite detection combining multiple physical fields such as sound field characteristics and magnetic field characteristics is generated.
Acousto-magnetic composite detection requires highly sensitive detection of magnetic anomalies as well as highly sensitive detection of acoustic fields. High sensitivity magnetic anomaly detection requires that other detection methods introduce as little magnetic interference as possible, including both magnetostatic and magnetosensitive. This puts nonmagnetic requirements on the interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone.
However, in order to eliminate polarization fading, an interference type fiber vector hydrophone often introduces a faraday rotating mirror with strong magnetism; meanwhile, in order to achieve high sensitivity, the interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone usually adopts metal with high density as a mass block material, which introduces magnetic induction. Therefore, the existing interference-type fiber-optic vector hydrophones can interfere with the detection of highly sensitive magnetic anomalies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone, which can solve the technical problem that the existing interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone can interfere with high-sensitivity magnetic anomaly detection.
The invention provides a non-magnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone which comprises a non-magnetic spherical shell, and a special-shaped non-magnetic mass block, six compliant cylinders, six non-magnetic top covers, six non-magnetic screws, six polarization maintaining optical fibers, three polarization maintaining 2 multiplied by 2 couplers and six optical fiber reflectors which are arranged in the non-magnetic spherical shell;
the non-magnetic spherical shell is provided with a lead port and six first positioning holes;
the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block comprises a square base body and six cylinders arranged on six surfaces of the square base body, the axis of each cylinder is perpendicular to the surface and penetrates through the center of the surface, two circular bosses coaxial with the cylinder on the surface are arranged on each surface of the square base body, the first circular bosses are connected with the cylinders, and the second circular bosses are arranged on the outer sides of the first circular bosses at intervals;
the compliant cylinders are of hollow cylindrical structures, the first end of each compliant cylinder is embedded into an annular groove formed by the two circular bosses on the surface of the compliant cylinder, the second end of each compliant cylinder is connected with one non-magnetic top cover, and the outer surface of each compliant cylinder is wound with one polarization maintaining optical fiber;
the non-magnetic top covers are of a disc structure, a second positioning hole is formed in the center of each non-magnetic top cover, and each second positioning hole is opposite to one first positioning hole;
each non-magnetic screw sequentially penetrates through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, so that the spherical center of the non-magnetic spherical shell is superposed with the geometric center of the cube base body;
a first end and a second end of one side of each polarization-maintaining 2 x 2 coupler are respectively connected with first ends of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers on the two coaxial compliant cylinders, and a third end and a fourth end of the other side of each polarization-maintaining 2 x 2 coupler extend out of the lead ports and are used for interacting with the outside;
each optical fiber reflector is connected with the second end of one polarization maintaining optical fiber.
Preferably, the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Preferably, the side length range of the cube matrix is 30-34 mm; the height range of the cylinder is 10-14mm, and the diameter range is 20-24 mm; the outer diameter range of the first circular boss is 23-24mm, and the height range of the first circular boss is 1-2 mm; the inner diameter range of the second circular boss is 27-28mm, the outer diameter range is 29-30mm, and the height ranges are 1-2 mm.
Preferably, the compliant cylinder has an inner diameter ranging from 21 to 25mm, an outer diameter ranging from 25 to 29mm, and a height ranging from 12 to 16 mm.
Preferably, the compliant cylinder is made of polypropylene.
Preferably, the nonmagnetic top cover is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Preferably, the diameter range of the second positioning hole is 1.5 mm.
Preferably, the non-magnetic screw and the non-magnetic spherical shell are both made of non-metallic materials.
Preferably, the optical fiber reflector is a polarization maintaining optical fiber reflector with an end surface coated with a dielectric film.
Preferably, the polarization-maintaining 2 × 2 coupler is a metal-free packaging structure.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the hydrophone has high sensitivity in a limited size by adopting the special-shaped non-magnetic mass block; polarization fading is eliminated by adopting a full polarization maintaining optical fiber interference scheme, and a Faraday reflector with strong magnetism is not used, so that the problem of magnetic interference of the reflector is avoided; the generation of static magnetism or magnetic induction is prevented by using all the members made of a non-metallic material. The hydrophone eliminates the interference on high-sensitivity magnetic anomaly detection, can meet the requirements of acousto-magnetic composite detection, and is suitable for three-dimensional space acoustic signal perception in acousto-magnetic composite detection.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of a nonmagnetic interferometric fiber optic vector hydrophone provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a nonmagnetic interference type fiber vector hydrophone provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of the shaped nonmagnetic mass of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the non-magnetic shaped mass in fig. 1.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
11. a special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block; 12. a compliant cylinder; 13. a non-magnetic top cover; 14. a non-magnetic screw; 15. a non-magnetic spherical shell; 16. a polarization maintaining optical fiber; 17. a polarization maintaining 2 x 2 coupler; 18. a fiber optic mirror.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the invention provides a nonmagnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone, which comprises a nonmagnetic spherical shell 15, and a special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block 11, six compliant cylinders 12, six nonmagnetic top covers 13, six nonmagnetic screws 14, six polarization-maintaining optical fibers 16, three polarization-maintaining 2 × 2 couplers 17 and six optical fiber reflectors 18 which are arranged in the nonmagnetic spherical shell 15;
the non-magnetic spherical shell 15 is provided with a lead port and six first positioning holes;
the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block 11 comprises a square base body and six cylinders arranged on six surfaces of the square base body, the axis of each cylinder is perpendicular to the surface and penetrates through the center of the surface, two circular bosses coaxial with the cylinder on the surface are arranged on each surface of the square base body, the first circular bosses are connected with the cylinders, and the second circular bosses are arranged on the outer sides of the first circular bosses at intervals;
the compliant cylinders 12 are hollow cylindrical structures, a first end of each compliant cylinder 12 is embedded into an annular groove defined by two circular bosses on the surface of the compliant cylinder, a second end of each compliant cylinder 12 is connected with one non-magnetic top cover 13, and the outer surface of each compliant cylinder 12 is wound with one polarization maintaining optical fiber 16;
the non-magnetic top covers 13 are of a disc structure, a second positioning hole is formed in the center of each non-magnetic top cover 13, and each second positioning hole is opposite to one first positioning hole;
each non-magnetic screw 14 sequentially penetrates through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, so that the spherical center of the non-magnetic spherical shell 15 is superposed with the geometric center of the cube base body;
the first end and the second end of one side of each polarization-maintaining 2 x 2 coupler 17 are respectively connected with the first ends of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers 16 on the two coaxial compliant cylinders 12, and the third end and the fourth end of the other side of each polarization-maintaining 2 x 2 coupler extend out of the lead ports and are used for interacting with the outside;
each of the fiber mirrors 18 is connected to a second end of one of the polarization maintaining fibers 16.
The hydrophone has high sensitivity in a limited size by adopting the special-shaped non-magnetic mass block 11; polarization fading is eliminated by adopting a full polarization maintaining optical fiber interference scheme, and a Faraday reflector with strong magnetism is not used, so that the problem of magnetic interference of the reflector is avoided; the generation of static magnetism or magnetic induction is prevented by using all the members made of a non-metallic material. The hydrophone eliminates the interference on high-sensitivity magnetic anomaly detection, can meet the requirements of acousto-magnetic composite detection, and is suitable for three-dimensional space acoustic signal perception in acousto-magnetic composite detection.
The sensitivity of the vector hydrophone is positively correlated with the mass of the mass block, so under the condition of the same external dimension, the sensitivity of the fiber vector hydrophone can be reduced by using a non-metal material. Therefore, the mass block is arranged to be in a special-shaped structure, the internal space of the mass block is fully utilized, and meanwhile, the compliant cylinder 12 is arranged to be in a hollow cylindrical structure and embedded into the annular groove, so that the sensitivity of the hydrophone in a limited size is improved; meanwhile, the embedded connection mode can avoid using a binder, so that the assembly is more convenient. By adopting the special-shaped non-magnetic mass block structure and the hollow compliant cylinder structure, the internal space of the optical fiber vector hydrophone can be utilized to the maximum extent, the mass of the mass block is effectively increased, and the sensitivity of the optical fiber vector hydrophone is improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block 11 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the density of the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block is high, so that the mass of the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block 11 can be further increased, the sensitivity of the hydrophone is improved, and meanwhile, the production cost is reduced. The compliant cylinder 12 is made of polypropylene, has a high Poisson's ratio and a low Young's modulus, and can further improve the sensitivity of the hydrophone.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the side length of the cubic matrix is in the range of 30-34 mm; the height range of the cylinder is 10-14mm, and the diameter range is 20-24 mm; the outer diameter range of the first circular boss is 23-24mm, and the height range of the first circular boss is 1-2 mm; the inner diameter range of the second circular boss is 27-28mm, the outer diameter range is 29-30mm, and the height ranges are 1-2 mm. The inner diameter range of the compliant cylinder 12 is 21-25mm, the outer diameter range is 25-29mm, and the height range is 12-16 mm.
By the above size setting, the hydrophone has high sensitivity in a limited size.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the non-magnetic top cover 13 is teflon, the materials of the non-magnetic screw 14 and the non-magnetic spherical shell 15 are both non-metal materials, and the polarization maintaining 2 × 2 coupler 17 is a metal-free package structure, so that the optical fiber vector hydrophone is completely made of non-metal materials, and is not made of metal materials, so as to prevent the optical fiber vector hydrophone from generating magnetostatic or magnetic induction.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the diameter range of the second positioning hole is 1.5mm, so as to achieve a better positioning effect.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber reflector 18 is a polarization maintaining optical fiber reflector 18 with a dielectric film coated on an end surface thereof, so as to realize a full polarization maintaining optical fiber interferometer, which does not cause magnetic interference, and solve the problem of strong magnetism caused by using the optical fiber interferometer with a faraday reflector in the prior art.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polarization maintaining fiber 16 has an outer diameter of 165 μm and the number of winding turns on each compliant cylinder 12 is 325 turns for better depolarization and fading.
Furthermore, two ends of each polarization maintaining fiber 16 are glued and fixed on the outer surface of the corresponding compliant cylinder 12, a first end of each polarization maintaining fiber is welded with the polarization maintaining 2 × 2 coupler 17, and a second end of each polarization maintaining fiber is welded with the fiber reflector 18.
Acceleration sensitivity M of optical fiber vector hydrophone under low frequencya(0) As shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0003280936850000081
wherein,
Figure BDA0003280936850000082
Figure BDA0003280936850000083
in the formula, H, R1、R2Respectively the height, inner radius and outer radius of the compliant cylinder, E is the Young's modulus of the compliant cylinder, mu is the Poisson's ratio of the compliant cylinder, mcylIs the mass of a single compliant cylinder; ef、μf、RfAnd n is the Young modulus, Poisson's ratio, section radius and refractive index of the polarization maintaining fiber; n is the winding number of the polarization maintaining optical fiber; lambda [ alpha ]0The wavelength of light transmitted in the polarization maintaining fiber; and m is the mass of the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block.
In addition, the sensitivity of the fiber vector hydrophone changes in consideration of the influence of the photoelastic effect, and an attenuation coefficient, namely the sensitivity M, needs to be introduceda' (0) becomes:
Figure BDA0003280936850000084
in the formula, P11And P12Are all elasto-optical coefficients, wherein P11=0.121,P12=0.270。
It can be seen that the sensitivity of the fiber vector hydrophone is positively correlated to the mass of the mass block, so the mass of the mass block should be large enough to ensure high sensitivity of the fiber vector hydrophone. Therefore, under the condition that the shape of the optical fiber vector hydrophone is not changed, the mass block with the special-shaped structure is adopted, and the volume of the mass block is increased in a limited space inside the optical fiber vector hydrophone, so that the mass of the mass block is increased, and the sensitivity of the optical fiber vector hydrophone is improved.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A nonmagnetic interference type optical fiber vector hydrophone is characterized by comprising a nonmagnetic spherical shell (15), and a special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block (11), six compliant cylinders (12), six nonmagnetic top covers (13), six nonmagnetic screws (14), six polarization maintaining optical fibers (16), three polarization maintaining 2 x 2 couplers (17) and six optical fiber reflectors (18) which are arranged in the nonmagnetic spherical shell (15);
the non-magnetic spherical shell (15) is provided with a lead port and six first positioning holes;
the special-shaped nonmagnetic mass block (11) comprises a cube base body and six cylinders arranged on six surfaces of the cube base body, the axis of each cylinder is perpendicular to the surface of the cube base body and penetrates through the center of the surface of the cube base body, two circular bosses coaxial with the cylinder on the surface of the cube base body are arranged on each surface of the cube base body, the first circular bosses are connected with the cylinders, and the second circular bosses are arranged on the outer sides of the first circular bosses at intervals;
the compliant cylinders (12) are of hollow cylindrical structures, the first end of each compliant cylinder (12) is embedded into an annular groove formed by surrounding of two circular bosses on the surface of the compliant cylinder, the second end of each compliant cylinder (12) is connected with one non-magnetic top cover (13), and the outer surface of each compliant cylinder (12) is wound with one polarization maintaining optical fiber (16);
the non-magnetic top covers (13) are of disc structures, a second positioning hole is formed in the center of each non-magnetic top cover (13), and each second positioning hole is opposite to one first positioning hole;
each non-magnetic screw (14) sequentially penetrates through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, so that the spherical center of the non-magnetic spherical shell (15) is superposed with the geometric center of the cube base body;
a first end and a second end of one side of each polarization-maintaining 2 x 2 coupler (17) are respectively connected with first ends of the polarization-maintaining optical fibers (16) on the two coaxial compliant cylinders (12), and a third end and a fourth end of the other side of each polarization-maintaining 2 x 2 coupler extend out of the lead ports and are used for interacting with the outside;
each fiber mirror (18) is connected to the second end of one of the polarization maintaining fibers (16).
2. The hydrophone according to claim 1, wherein the non-magnetic shaped mass (11) is polytetrafluoroethylene.
3. The hydrophone of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cube-based body has sides in the range of 30-34 mm; the height range of the cylinder is 10-14mm, and the diameter range is 20-24 mm; the outer diameter range of the first circular boss is 23-24mm, and the height range of the first circular boss is 1-2 mm; the inner diameter range of the second circular boss is 27-28mm, the outer diameter range is 29-30mm, and the height ranges are 1-2 mm.
4. The hydrophone of claim 3, wherein the compliant cylinder (12) has an inner diameter in the range of 21-25mm, an outer diameter in the range of 25-29mm and a height in the range of 12-16 mm.
5. The hydrophone according to any of claims 3 or 4, wherein the compliant cylinder (12) is of polypropylene.
6. The hydrophone according to claim 5, wherein the material of the non-magnetic top cover (13) is polytetrafluoroethylene.
7. The hydrophone of claim 6, wherein the second alignment holes have a diameter in the range of 1.5 mm.
8. The hydrophone according to claim 7, wherein the nonmagnetic screw (14) and the nonmagnetic spherical shell (15) are both made of non-metallic materials.
9. The hydrophone of claim 8, wherein the fiber mirror (18) is a polarization maintaining fiber mirror with a dielectric coated end face.
10. The hydrophone of claim 9, wherein the polarization maintaining 2 x 2 coupler (17) is a metal free package.
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