CN114058988B - Heat treatment method for homogenizing crystal grain size of nickel-based powder superalloy in forging state - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for homogenizing crystal grain size of nickel-based powder superalloy in forging state Download PDFInfo
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- CN114058988B CN114058988B CN202111339654.3A CN202111339654A CN114058988B CN 114058988 B CN114058988 B CN 114058988B CN 202111339654 A CN202111339654 A CN 202111339654A CN 114058988 B CN114058988 B CN 114058988B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment method for homogenizing the grain size of a nickel-based powder superalloy in a forging state, which comprises the following steps: step S1, heating a forged nickel-based powder high-temperature alloy to 550-650 ℃, and then carrying out heat preservation; s2, continuously heating to the initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase along with the furnace, and then slowly heating to the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase of the nickel-based powder superalloy at the heating rate of 0.1-1 ℃/min; and S3, rapidly heating to the gamma' phase over-solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy at a heating rate of more than 10 ℃/min, and rapidly cooling after keeping the temperature for a period of time. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the internal stress formed by forging is partially released, the uneven distribution of the internal stress of the alloy is improved, the abnormal growth of the grain size caused by the rapid dissolution of the gamma' phase into the matrix due to the rapid temperature rise is avoided, and the uniformity of the grain size is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment and nickel-based superalloy, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method for homogenizing the grain size of a forged powder superalloy.
Background
The nickel-based powder superalloy is widely used for preparing aeroengine turbine disks due to excellent high-temperature performance, and in recent years, the development of the nickel-based powder superalloy in China is rapid, and a preparation process route which is commonly used for preparing the powder superalloy turbine disks is formed: hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) + Hot Extrusion (HEX) + forging (IF) + heat treatment process (HT). In the service process of the turbine disk, the hub is stressed greatly, the rim is subjected to high temperature, and therefore the hub of the high-temperature alloy turbine disk is required to have high strength and fatigue performance, and the rim has excellent creep performance, namely a fine crystal structure is obtained at the hub, and a coarse crystal structure is obtained at the rim.
In order to obtain a coarse-grained structure of the wheel rim, the wheel rim needs to be subjected to solid solution treatment, wherein after the turbine disc is subjected to hot extrusion and forging, different internal stresses and gamma 'size distribution of the wheel rim are different, so that abnormal growth of grains or uneven growth of grains are easily caused due to release of alloy internal stresses and different gamma' dissolving temperatures and durations of different sizes in subsequent solid solution heat treatment, and further the mechanical property of the wheel rim is unfavorable. Therefore, the uniformity of grain size controlled while obtaining a coarse grain structure of the alloy after solution treatment is the key to improving the comprehensive performance of the rim of the turbine disk.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses a heat treatment method for homogenizing the grain size of a nickel-based powder superalloy in a forging state, which homogenizes the grain size of the alloy through a solid solution heat treatment process.
In contrast, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a heat treatment method for homogenizing the grain size of a nickel-based powder superalloy in a forged state, comprising:
step S1, heating a forged nickel-based powder high-temperature alloy to 550-650 ℃, and then carrying out heat preservation;
s2, continuously heating to the initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase along with the furnace, and then slowly heating to the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase of the nickel-based powder high-temperature alloy at the heating rate of 0.1-1 ℃/min;
and S3, rapidly heating to the gamma' phase excessive solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy at a heating rate of more than 10 ℃/min, and rapidly cooling after keeping the temperature for a period of time.
In the prior art, when a general nickel-based powder high-temperature alloy is subjected to solid solution heat treatment after being forged, the temperature is raised to be above the complete solid solution temperature at a constant rate in a general temperature raising process, and the probability of abnormal growth of crystal grains is further greatly improved. The technical scheme is characterized in that the temperature rise rate in the range from the initial solution temperature to the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma ' phase is improved, the temperature rise rate is slowly increased by 0.1-1 ℃/min, the residual stress can be released by slowly increasing the temperature at high temperature, the fine gamma ' phase in the crystal is dissolved, the size of the large-block gamma ' phase at the crystal boundary is reduced, the crystal boundary still has a pinning effect, the growth of the crystal grains is hindered, the gamma ' phase at the crystal boundary is completely dissolved in a matrix after the temperature is increased to be higher than the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma ' phase by adopting the slow temperature rise mode, and the deformation residual stress is greatly released, so the risk of abnormal growth of the crystal grains is greatly reduced, the uniformity of the size of the crystal grains is improved, and the uniformity of the size of the crystal grains can be improved at the excessive solid solution temperature.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the heating rate is 5-20 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 3-8 h.
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, the temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy in a forging state is raised to 600-650 ℃, and then heat preservation is carried out.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the temperature is continuously raised along with the furnace until the temperature rise rate of the initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase is 5-20 ℃/min, and the temperature rise rate of the temperature is 0.15-0.8 ℃/min when the temperature is raised until the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase of the nickel-based powder superalloy is reached. Further preferably, the heating rate of heating to the gamma' phase complete solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy is 0.2-0.5 ℃/min.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S3, the gamma 'phase over-solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy exceeds the gamma' phase complete solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy by 30-40 ℃.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S3, the heating rate of heating to the gamma' phase over-solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy is 10-20 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the cooling method in step S3 is to take out the alloy after heat preservation and then perform air cooling or air cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the heat preservation at the medium and low temperature stage is increased, the internal stress formed by forging is partially released, and the uneven distribution of the internal stress of the alloy is improved. Secondly, the alloy is slowly heated from the initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase to the complete solution temperature, so that the uneven distribution of internal stress is further improved, the abnormal growth of the grain size caused by the rapid dissolution of the gamma' phase into the matrix due to the rapid heating is avoided, and the uniformity of the grain size is ensured. In addition, the alloy is rapidly cooled after heat preservation at the excessive solid solution temperature, so that the supersaturation state of the alloy is maintained while crystal grains are coarsened and grown, the preparation is carried out for subsequent aging, and the alloy has better strength and creep property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic representation of a wrought nickel-base powder superalloy according to example 1 of the present invention after solution heat treatment.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic representation of a wrought nickel-base powder superalloy of example 2 of the present invention after solution heat treatment.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic representation of the as-forged nickel-base powder superalloy of example 3 of the present invention after solution heat treatment.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic representation of a wrought nickel-base powder superalloy according to a comparative example of the present invention after solution heat treatment.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below. The following are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, i.e., all equivalent variations made by the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Example 1
A heat treatment method for homogenizing the grain size of a forged nickel-based powder superalloy for a turbine disc specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Heat preservation at medium and low temperature
The nickel-based powder superalloy in a forged state is placed in a muffle furnace, then the temperature is raised to 600 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 6 hours.
(2) Temperature rise at initial solution temperature of gamma' phase
The initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase and the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase of the as-forged nickel-base powder superalloy of the present example were 702 ℃ and 1157 ℃. The alloy after being kept at the medium and low temperature is continuously heated to 702 ℃ (gamma prime phase initial solid solution temperature) at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then the temperature is slowly heated to 1157 ℃ (gamma prime phase complete solid solution temperature) at the speed of 0.3 ℃/min.
(3) Thermal insulation at gamma' phase complete solution temperature
And continuously heating the alloy heated to 1157 ℃ to 1190 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 1 h, and then cooling in air.
Example 2
(1) Heat preservation at medium and low temperature
The nickel-based powder superalloy in a forged state is placed in a muffle furnace, then the temperature is raised to 650 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours.
(2) Temperature rise at initial solution temperature of gamma' phase
The as-forged nickel-base powder superalloy of this example had an initial γ 'phase solution temperature of 702 deg.C and a complete γ' phase solution temperature of 1157 deg.C.
The alloy after heat preservation at the medium and low temperature is continuously heated to 702 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and then the temperature is slowly heated to 1157 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min.
(3) Thermal insulation at gamma' phase complete solution temperature
And (3) continuously heating the alloy heated to 1157 ℃ to 1185 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 1.5 h, and then cooling in air.
Example 3
(1) Heat preservation at medium and low temperature
The nickel-based powder superalloy in a forged state is placed in a muffle furnace, then the temperature is raised to 550 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8 hours.
(2) Temperature rise at initial solution temperature of gamma' phase
The initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase and the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase of the as-forged nickel-base powder superalloy of the present example were 702 ℃ and 1157 ℃.
The alloy after heat preservation at the medium and low temperature is continuously heated to 702 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min, and then the temperature is slowly heated to 1157 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min.
(3) Thermal insulation at gamma' phase complete solution temperature
And continuously heating the alloy heated to 1157 ℃ to 1190 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 1 h, and then cooling in air.
The metallographic schematic diagram of the forged nickel-based powder superalloy of examples 1 to 3 after solid solution heat treatment is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and it can be seen from comparison in the drawings that after the forged nickel-based powder superalloy of examples 1 to 3 is treated by the technical scheme of the present invention, it can be found that after the alloy is subjected to heat treatment by the system designed by the present invention, abnormal large grains are not generated, and the uniformity of the grain size is good.
In the processing method of the embodiment, the heat preservation is performed at the middle and low temperature stage, partial internal stress formed by forging is released, the temperature is slowly raised in the range from the initial solution temperature of the gamma ' phase to the complete solution temperature of the gamma ' phase, the distribution of the gamma ' phase is regulated, partial fine gamma ' phase is dissolved, the size of the massive gamma ' phase is reduced, the internal stress of the alloy is further released, the condition that the grain size is not uniform due to the lack of the pinning effect of the gamma ' phase and the non-uniform force distribution when the gamma ' phase is rapidly dissolved after the temperature is rapidly raised to the maximum temperature is avoided, the heat preservation is performed at the maximum temperature, the supersaturated state of the alloy is maintained while the grain is grown, the preparation for subsequent aging is performed, and the alloy has better strength and creep property.
Comparative example
To further highlight the advantages of the present invention, a comparative example is now provided to illustrate, the forged nickel-based powder superalloy is placed in a muffle furnace, then heated to 1190 ℃ along with the furnace at a rate of 10 ℃/min, and then air-cooled after heat preservation for 1 h, and then air-cooled. As shown in fig. 4, it was found that, after the alloy was heat-treated by the conventional one-step temperature raising scheme, the grain size was extremely coarse in part and the uniformity of the grain size was poor.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The heat treatment method for homogenizing the grain size of the nickel-based powder superalloy in a forging state is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it includes:
step S1, heating the forged nickel-based powder high-temperature alloy to 550-650 ℃, and then preserving heat for 3-8 hours;
s2, continuously heating to the initial solution temperature of the gamma 'phase along with the furnace, and then slowly heating to the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase of the nickel-based powder superalloy at the heating rate of 0.1-1 ℃/min; in the step S2, the temperature is continuously increased along with the furnace until the temperature of the gamma' phase initial solution is increased to 5-20 ℃/min;
s3, rapidly heating to the gamma' phase excessive solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy at a heating rate of more than 10 ℃/min, and rapidly cooling after keeping the temperature for a period of time; the gamma 'phase over-solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy exceeds the gamma' phase complete solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy by 30-40 ℃.
2. The heat treatment process for the homogenization of as-forged nickel-base powder superalloy grain size as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the heating rate is 5-20 ℃/min.
3. The heat treatment process for homogenizing the grain size of nickel-base powder superalloys in the as-forged state of claim 2 wherein: in the step S1, the temperature of the nickel-based powder high-temperature alloy in a forging state is raised to 600-650 ℃, and then heat preservation is carried out.
4. The heat treatment process for homogenizing the grain size of nickel-base powder superalloys in the as-forged state of claim 3 wherein: in the step S3, the heating rate of heating to the gamma' phase over-solid solution temperature of the nickel-based powder superalloy is 10-20 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
5. The heat treatment process for homogenizing the grain size of nickel-base powder superalloys in the as-forged state of claim 3 wherein: and the cooling mode in the step S3 is to take out the heat-preserved alloy and then carry out air cooling or air cooling.
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| EP2778241B1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2017-08-30 | National Institute for Materials Science | Heat-resistant nickel-based superalloy |
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| CN107385369A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-11-24 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | A kind of method of GH4698 disks forging crystallite dimension control and mechanical property regulation |
| CN108048769A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-05-18 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of method for improving powder metallurgy superalloy grain size distribution uniformity |
| CN108149174A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-12 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | A kind of heat treatment method for improving GH4698 forging performances |
| CN113025932B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-12-10 | 台州学院 | Preparation method of fine-grain and uniform-precipitation-phase GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy |
| CN113122750A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-16 | 陕西宝锐金属有限公司 | Heat treatment process of nickel-based high-temperature alloy |
| CN113564504B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-02-11 | 北京科技大学 | Heat treatment process for carrying out rapid aging on large-size GH4738 alloy forging |
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