CN114058824B - Production method for improving hardness uniformity of heat-treated steel rail tread and steel rail obtained by production method - Google Patents

Production method for improving hardness uniformity of heat-treated steel rail tread and steel rail obtained by production method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114058824B
CN114058824B CN202111421342.7A CN202111421342A CN114058824B CN 114058824 B CN114058824 B CN 114058824B CN 202111421342 A CN202111421342 A CN 202111421342A CN 114058824 B CN114058824 B CN 114058824B
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steel rail
tread
heat
heat treatment
production method
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CN114058824A (en
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王瑞敏
周剑华
朱敏
费俊杰
王俊
刘芳鸣
欧阳珉路
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method for improving the hardness uniformity of a heat-treated steel rail tread and a steel rail obtained by the production method, wherein the hardness variation range of the central line of the obtained heat-treated steel rail tread is less than 10HBW, the throughout length uniformity of the heat-treated steel rail tread is greatly improved, the generation of uneven abrasion is avoided, the stability of the contact state of a wheel rail is facilitated, and the safety performance of railway operation is improved. The method is simple and efficient, has strong operability and is easy to popularize and apply.

Description

Production method for improving hardness uniformity of heat-treated steel rail tread and steel rail obtained by production method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy and materials, in particular to a production method for improving hardness uniformity of a heat-treated steel rail tread and a steel rail obtained by the production method.
Background
As railway transportation progresses to high speed, heavy load and high density, rail contact fatigue damage becomes more and more severe. In particular, the steel rail with the curve section is increasingly outstanding, and in the small-radius curve section of the trunk line of the busy railway, the number of common steel rails is more than 2 to 3 years, and the lower steel rail is replaced by 8 to 10 months because of serious injury or limited abrasion, so that the steel rail is frequently replaced, and the exertion of the railway transportation efficiency is seriously influenced. The high-strength heat-treated steel rail can reduce abrasion, improve contact fatigue resistance and is particularly outstanding on a small-radius curve, so that the demand of railway construction for the high-performance heat-treated steel rail is continuously increased.
The China railway head corporation requires that the heat-treated steel rails are adopted for the replacement of the curve sections of the large-repair line, the heat-treated steel rails with corresponding grades are adopted for different curve radiuses of the newly-built line, and the consumption of the heat-treated steel rails is expected to reach 50-60 ten thousand tons/year in the future. The tread hardness of the heat-treated steel rail is a key performance index, the high tread hardness ensures the good wear resistance of the steel rail, the tread hardness requirement of the rail head of the 1080MPa grade steel rail is 320-380 HBW, and the tread hardness requirement of the rail head of the 1180MPa grade steel rail is 340-400 HBW, and the fluctuation range of the hardness on the tread central line of the same steel rail is not more than 30HBW. If the fluctuation range of the hardness of the tread of the steel rail is too large, serious uneven abrasion of the steel rail is easy to occur, the contact state of the wheel rail is further deteriorated, the stress of the contact surface of the wheel rail is more complex and variable, even fatigue cracks are initiated, and the tread of the steel rail is peeled off and blocked.
The patent 'pearlite type heat treated steel rail and its production method' (ZL 200510022444.6) provides a pearlite type heat treated steel rail and its production method, which comprises smelting, casting and rolling, and then accelerated cooling process, and the produced steel rail has good wear resistance. The patent ZLCN201010148333.0 provides a high-carbon high-strength heat-treated steel rail with excellent wear resistance and plasticity, wherein the rail head has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 1330MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 9 percent, the rail head hardness of more than or equal to 380HB and excellent wear resistance and plasticity. The patent "method and apparatus for manufacturing heat-treated steel rail" (CN 106661651 a) provides a method and apparatus for manufacturing heat-treated steel rail in which various alloy elements are added and the hardness and toughness of the head surface layer are excellent. The control of the uniformity of the hardness of the tread of the heat-treated steel rail is not mentioned in the above patent.
Therefore, the invention provides the production method for improving the hardness uniformity of the heat-treated steel rail tread and the obtained steel rail, so that the fluctuation range of the hardness value on the central line of the tread of the same heat-treated steel rail is smaller than 10HBW, the phenomenon of serious uneven abrasion caused by too large fluctuation of the hardness of the tread of the steel rail is avoided to deteriorate the contact state of the wheel rail, and the safety performance of railway operation is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a production method capable of improving the hardness uniformity of the tread of the heat-treated steel rail and the obtained steel rail, so that the hardness value fluctuation of the tread central line of the same high-strength heat-treated steel rail in the length direction is smaller than 10HBW, and the serious uneven abrasion phenomenon caused by the too large hardness fluctuation of the tread of the steel rail is effectively avoided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a production method for improving the hardness uniformity of a heat-treated steel rail tread, which comprises the following steps:
(1) When the billet is heated in a soaking section in the heating furnace, the temperature of the tail part of the billet is controlled to be 30-50 ℃ higher than the temperature of the head part of the billet through the temperature distribution in the heating furnace;
(2) When a billet is normally rolled into a hundred-meter long steel rail and then enters a heat treatment unit for online heat treatment, a sectional cooling method is adopted, the cooling time of the first stage is 120-150 s, and when the long steel rail passes through the heat treatment unit at the middle position point (about fifty meters) in the length direction, the cooling capacity of a heat treatment cooling medium is improved by 10-15%, and the billet enters a second cooling stage;
the production method further comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, bloom continuous casting, casting blank heating, rolling, straightening and the like, and the working procedures are not particularly limited and can be carried out according to the conventional heat treatment steel rail production process method.
As the preferable mode of the technical scheme, the production method for improving the hardness uniformity of the heat-treated steel rail tread provided by the invention further comprises part or all of the following technical characteristics:
as an improvement of the above technical scheme, in the control step (2), the first stage cooling time and the second stage cooling time are both 120-150 s.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the cooling medium for heat treatment includes, but is not limited to, compressed air, water mist or oil mist mixed gas, etc.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the production method, based on the total weight of the steel rail, the chemical components of the steel rail comprise 0.60-0.82% of C, 0.35-0.80% of Si, 0.70-1.25% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.12% of V, 0.10-0.30% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities according to weight percentage.
The steel rail prepared by the production method for improving the uniformity of the hardness of the tread of the heat-treated steel rail, wherein the hardness fluctuation of the same steel rail on the tread central line in the length direction is less than 10HBW, and the steel rail can be applied to passenger and passenger-cargo mixed transportation lines. The method effectively avoids the serious uneven abrasion phenomenon caused by too large fluctuation of the hardness of the tread of the steel rail, and is beneficial to improving the safety performance of railway operation
As the preferable selection of the technical scheme, the steel rail prepared by the production method for improving the hardness uniformity of the heat-treated steel rail tread provided by the invention further comprises part or all of the following technical characteristics:
as an improvement of the technical scheme, the steel rail comprises the following chemical components, by weight, 0.60-0.82% of C, 0.35-0.80% of Si, 0.70-1.25% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.12% of V, 0.10-0.30% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities based on the total weight of the steel rail.
The technical scheme is characterized in that when the steel billet is kept at the soaking section in the heating furnace, the temperature of the tail part of the steel billet is controlled to be 30-50 ℃ higher than the temperature of the head part of the steel billet; when a steel billet is normally rolled into a hundred-meter long steel rail and then enters a heat treatment unit for online heat treatment, a sectional cooling method is adopted, and when the hundred-meter long steel rail passes through the heat treatment unit at the middle position point (about fifty meters) in the length direction, the cooling capacity of a heat treatment medium is improved by 10-15%.
The technical principle of the method is that when a steel billet is normally rolled into a hundred-meter long steel rail after being heated and enters a heat treatment unit for heat treatment through a roller way, the temperature of the head part of the steel rail in the length direction is 50-80 ℃ higher than that of the tail part of the steel rail, the heat treatment is essentially accelerated, the initial cooling temperature is closely related to the performance after heat treatment, and the tread hardness fluctuation range of the steel rail after heat treatment is overlarge due to different initial cooling temperatures. In order to reduce the fluctuation range of the head and tail temperatures of long steel rails, the tail of the steel billet is kept 30-50 ℃ higher than the head of the steel billet in the heating stage, so that the head and tail temperature difference of the steel rail when the long steel rail is rolled into the heat treatment unit is reduced. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the influence of different initial cooling temperatures, the long steel rail is subjected to heat treatment in a sectional cooling mode, and after the midpoint (about fifty meters) of the length direction of the long steel rail passes through a heat treatment unit, the cooling capacity of a second-stage cooling medium is improved by 10-15%, so that the tread hardness of the tail part of the long steel rail is improved, and the fluctuation range of the tread hardness value of the whole steel rail in the length direction is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the production method capable of improving the hardness uniformity of the heat-treated steel rail tread, the hardness variation range on the central line of the obtained heat-treated steel rail tread is smaller than 10HBW, the throughout uniformity of the hardness of the heat-treated steel rail tread is greatly improved, uneven abrasion is avoided, the stability of the contact state of the wheel rail is facilitated, and the safety performance of railway operation is improved. The method is simple and efficient, has strong operability and is easy to popularize and apply.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and appreciated, as well as the other objects, features and advantages of the present invention, as described in detail below in connection with the preferred embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention, which is a part of this specification, illustrates the principles of the invention by way of example, and other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description.
The invention relates to a production method capable of improving the hardness uniformity of a heat-treated steel rail head tread, which comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, bloom continuous casting, casting blank heating, rolling, straightening and the like, and the working procedures are not particularly limited and can be carried out according to a conventional heat-treated steel rail production process method. The technical proposal is characterized in that when a billet is heated in a soaking section in a heating furnace, the temperature of the tail part of the billet is controlled to be 30-50 ℃ higher than the temperature of the head part of the billet through the temperature distribution in the heating furnace; when a steel billet is normally rolled into a hundred-meter long steel rail and then enters a heat treatment unit for online heat treatment, a sectional cooling method is adopted, and when the hundred-meter long steel rail passes through the heat treatment unit at the middle position point (about fifty meters) in the length direction, the cooling capacity of a heat treatment cooling medium is improved by 10-15%.
The production method of the invention can be used for on-line heat treatment of steel rails of any composition, reduces the fluctuation range of tread center line hardness of hundred-meter long steel rails in the length direction, and preferably, the chemical composition of the steel rails comprises 0.60-0.82 wt% of C, 0.35-0.80 wt% of Si, 0.70-1.25 wt% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.12 wt% of V, 0.10-0.30 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.025 wt% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities based on the total weight of the steel rails. For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are set forth to further illustrate the invention.
The control of the smelting chemical composition of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples of the present invention is shown in Table 1, and comparative examples 1 to 2 were conducted in the composition ranges of examples 4 to 5, respectively. According to the embodiment 1-5 of the invention, the temperature distribution in the heating furnace is used for controlling the tail temperature of the steel billet to be 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 41 ℃, 43 and 49 ℃ higher than the head temperature of the steel billet, and when the steel billet is normally rolled into a hundred-meter steel rail and then enters a heat treatment unit to be subjected to on-line heat treatment by compressed air (60 kpa), a sectional cooling method is adopted, and when the hundred-meter steel rail passes through the heat treatment unit at the middle position point (about fifty meters) in the length direction, the pressure of the compressed air in the embodiment 1-5 is respectively increased by 15%, 14.2%, 13%, 12.6% and 10.5%. The comparative examples were carried out according to conventional heat-treated rail production processes.
Table 1 chemical compositions of examples and comparative examples
The hardness test results and the fluctuation conditions of the hardness values of the center lines of the tread of the steel rail of the examples and the comparative examples are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 hardness test results for each of examples and comparative examples of the present invention
The hardness fluctuation of the central line of the tread of the heat-treated steel rail produced by the method does not exceed 10HBW, the fluctuation range of the hardness value is reduced by more than 60%, the uniformity of the hardness of the central line of the tread of the steel rail is greatly improved, and the control effect is good.
The present invention can be realized by the respective raw materials listed in the present invention, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the respective raw materials, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time, etc.), and examples are not listed here.
While the invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but is capable of modification and variation without departing from the spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. The production method for improving the hardness uniformity of the heat-treated steel rail tread is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) When the steel billet is heated in a soaking section in the heating furnace, the temperature of the tail part of the steel billet is controlled to be 30-50 ℃ higher than the temperature of the head part of the steel billet through the temperature distribution in the heating furnace, so that the temperature difference between the head part and the tail part of the steel rail when the steel billet is rolled into a long steel rail and enters a heat treatment unit is reduced;
(2) When a billet is normally rolled into a hundred-meter long steel rail and then enters a heat treatment unit for online heat treatment, a sectional cooling method is adopted, the cooling time in the first stage is 120-150 s, after the long steel rail passes through the heat treatment unit at the middle position point in the length direction, the cooling capacity of a heat treatment cooling medium is improved by 10-15% so as to improve the tread hardness of the tail part of the long steel rail, the billet enters a second cooling stage, the cooling time in the second stage is 120-150 s, and the fluctuation of the hardness value of the same high-strength heat treatment steel rail on the tread central line in the length direction is less than 10HBW;
the production method further comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, bloom continuous casting, casting blank heating, rolling and straightening;
in the production method, based on the total weight of the steel rail, the chemical components of the steel rail comprise 0.60-0.82% of C, 0.35-0.80% of Si, 0.70-1.25% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.12% of V, 0.10-0.30% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities in percentage by weight.
2. The method for improving the uniformity of hardness of a heat treated steel rail tread according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling medium for heat treatment comprises compressed air, water mist or oil mist mixed gas.
3. A steel rail, characterized in that: the steel rail is prepared by the method of any one of the claims 1-2 and can be applied to passenger transportation and passenger-cargo mixed transportation lines.
CN202111421342.7A 2021-11-26 2021-11-26 Production method for improving hardness uniformity of heat-treated steel rail tread and steel rail obtained by production method Active CN114058824B (en)

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