CN114054937A - Friction stir welding method and strengthening process of tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method and strengthening process of tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114054937A CN114054937A CN202210024438.8A CN202210024438A CN114054937A CN 114054937 A CN114054937 A CN 114054937A CN 202210024438 A CN202210024438 A CN 202210024438A CN 114054937 A CN114054937 A CN 114054937A
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- tungsten
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- shielding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses a friction stir welding method of a tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, installing an integrated tungsten steel stirring head; assembling and fixing the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates to obtain a component to be welded, and setting pressure, rotation speed and advancing speed; thirdly, stirring, rubbing and welding to obtain the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material; the strengthening process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material at 540 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, then quenching at room temperature, then keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 8h, and cooling in air to obtain the reinforced tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material. The friction stir welding method avoids the generation of intermetallic compounds and the generation of a large number of holes in a welding pool area, improves the mechanical property of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, and realizes the high-efficiency welding between tungsten-boron-aluminum plates; the strengthening process of the invention obviously improves the tensile strength performance of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a friction stir welding method and a strengthening process of a tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material.
Background
The boron carbide and tungsten reinforced aluminum-based shielding material, namely the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, is an advanced composite shielding material which has neutron absorption performance and can shield rays. However, boron carbide and tungsten react at high temperature to produce intermetallic compounds, and a large number of holes are generated in a welding pool area to seriously affect the tensile property of the welded material, so that the conventional high-temperature welding methods such as brazing, laser welding, electron beam welding and the like cannot meet the requirement of the welded material on the mechanical property.
Friction stir welding is a welding method for effectively connecting the same or different materials by using the plastic flow behavior of the materials at low temperature. Compared with conventional fusion welding, the welding process has lower heat productivity, can effectively weld the second reinforced composite material, and avoids the reinforcing phase from generating serious reaction with the matrix at high temperature, thereby improving the welding reliability of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding method for a tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The friction stir welding method avoids the reaction of boron carbide and tungsten at high temperature to generate intermetallic compounds and a large number of holes generated in a welding pool area, thereby avoiding the adverse effect on the tensile property of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, improving the mechanical property of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material and realizing the high-efficiency welding between tungsten-boron-aluminum plates.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, installing an integrated tungsten steel stirring head in friction stir welding equipment;
assembling and fixing the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates, forming a to-be-welded area between the opposite end faces of the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates to obtain a to-be-welded assembly, and then setting the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the to-be-welded assembly, and the rotating speed and the advancing speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head;
and step three, starting the stirring friction welding equipment, enabling the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to rotate, inserting the integrated tungsten steel stirring head into a region to be welded in the component to be welded, and continuously moving the integrated tungsten steel stirring head forwards to perform stirring friction welding to obtain the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is characterized in that in the step one, the integrated tungsten steel stirring head is an integrated part among a clamping end, a stirring pin and a shaft, and concentric heat dissipation circular rings are arranged among the shafts.
The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is characterized in that in the second step, the rotation speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head is 800 r/min-1200 r/min, and the advancing speed is 60 r/min-120 r/min.
The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is characterized in that a pressure sensor is arranged at the lower part of the component to be welded in the step two, and the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the component to be welded is 10 MPa-30 MPa.
In addition, the invention also discloses a process for strengthening the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared by the method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, heating the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material along with a furnace at 540 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 min;
step two, quenching the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material subjected to heat preservation in the step one at room temperature;
and step three, heating the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material quenched at room temperature in the step two along with a furnace at 180 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, and cooling by air cooling to obtain the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional laser welding, vacuum electron beam welding and brazing, the invention firstly proposes that the friction stir welding method is adopted to weld two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates to prepare the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, and utilizes the characteristic of lower material temperature in the friction stir welding process to avoid the reaction of boron carbide and tungsten at high temperature to generate intermetallic compounds and simultaneously avoid a large number of holes in a welding pool area, thereby avoiding the adverse effect on the tensile property of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, improving the mechanical property of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material and realizing the efficient welding between the tungsten-boron-aluminum plates.
2. The invention adopts the integrated tungsten steel stirring head which is made of tungsten steel containing tungsten elements, thereby reducing element pollution caused by the stirring head in the welding process and ensuring the quality purity and performance of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
3. The integrated tungsten steel stirring head is an integrated part among the clamping end, the stirring needle and the shaft, is favorable for accurately controlling the speed of the stirring head, is convenient to install and simple in preparation process, and is favorable for heat dissipation in the welding process and reduces the accumulation of friction heat between the shaft and a component to be welded by arranging the concentric heat dissipation rings between the shafts.
4. According to the invention, the pressure sensor is arranged at the lower part of the component to be welded, so that the pressure between the shaft of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the component to be welded is detected in real time, the control of the welding process is realized, the welding indentation caused by overlarge pressure is avoided, and the quality of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is ensured.
5. According to the invention, the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is subjected to strengthening treatment by sequentially preserving heat at 540 ℃ for 20min, quenching at room temperature and preserving heat at 180 ℃ for 8h, and cooling in air, so that the tensile strength performance of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is remarkably improved.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the friction stir welding principle of the present invention.
FIG. 2a is a diagram of an integrated tungsten steel stirring head of the present invention.
FIG. 2b is a plan view between shafts of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head of the present invention.
Fig. 3a is a diagram of a tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3b is a drawing of tensile properties of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material and the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4a is a diagram of a tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4b is a drawing of tensile properties of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material and the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a metallographic representation of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 6a is a diagram of a tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6b is a metallographic representation of the W-B-Al composite shielding material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6c is an enlarged view of the structure of the welding region in the W-B-Al composite shielding material prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7a is a diagram of a tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7b is a metallographic representation of the W-B-Al composite shielding material prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 7c is an enlarged view of the structure of the welding region in the W-B-Al composite shielding material prepared in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the principle of friction stir welding of the present invention is: the method comprises the steps of oppositely placing, assembling and fixing end faces of a plate 1 and a plate 2, namely two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates, to form a to-be-welded area and obtain a to-be-welded assembly, arranging a pressure sensor at the lower part of the to-be-welded assembly, rotating a stirring head, inserting the stirring head into the to-be-welded area in the to-be-welded assembly, and continuously moving the stirring head forwards along the length direction of the to-be-welded area to perform friction stir welding.
Example 1
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, installing an integrated tungsten steel stirring head in friction stir welding equipment; the integrated tungsten steel stirring head is an integrated part among a clamping end, a stirring pin and a shaft, and concentric heat dissipation circular rings are arranged among the shafts, as shown in fig. 2a and 2 b;
step two, assembling and fixing the two tungsten boron aluminum plates, forming a to-be-welded area between the opposite end faces of the two tungsten boron aluminum plates to obtain a to-be-welded assembly, arranging a pressure sensor at the lower part of the to-be-welded assembly, then setting the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the to-be-welded assembly to be 10MPa, and setting the rotation speed and the advancing speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to be 800r/min and 60 r/min;
thirdly, starting friction stir welding equipment to enable the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to rotate and be inserted into a to-be-welded area in the to-be-welded assembly, and continuously moving forwards to perform friction stir welding to obtain the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material;
and step four, furnace heating the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material at 540 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, then quenching at room temperature, furnace heating at 180 ℃ and preserving heat for 8h, and cooling in air to obtain the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
Fig. 3a is a diagram of a real object of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 3a, the surface of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is smooth and flat, and the welding quality is good.
Fig. 3b is a drawing of the tensile properties of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum and the reinforced composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum prepared in this embodiment, and it can be seen from fig. 3b that the tensile strength of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum is 210MPa, while the tensile strength of the reinforced composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum reaches 368MPa, and the tensile strength after reinforcement is increased by 75.2%, which indicates that the reinforcing process of the present invention significantly improves the tensile strength property of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum.
Example 2
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, installing an integrated tungsten steel stirring head in friction stir welding equipment; the integrated tungsten steel stirring head is an integrated part among a clamping end, a stirring pin and a shaft, and concentric heat dissipation circular rings are arranged among the shafts, as shown in fig. 2a and 2 b;
assembling and fixing the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates, forming a to-be-welded area between the opposite end faces of the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates to obtain a to-be-welded assembly, arranging a pressure sensor at the lower part of the to-be-welded assembly, setting the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the to-be-welded assembly to be 30MP, and setting the rotation speed and the traveling speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to be 1200r/min and 120 r/min;
thirdly, starting friction stir welding equipment to enable the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to rotate and be inserted into a to-be-welded area in the to-be-welded assembly, and continuously moving forwards to perform friction stir welding to obtain the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material;
and step four, furnace heating the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material at 540 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, then quenching at room temperature, furnace heating at 180 ℃ and preserving heat for 8h, and cooling in air to obtain the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
Fig. 4a is a diagram of a real object of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 4a, the surface of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is smooth and flat, and the welding quality is good.
Fig. 4b is a drawing of the tensile properties of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum and the reinforced composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum prepared in this embodiment, and it can be seen from fig. 4b that the tensile strength of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum is 192MPa, the tensile strength of the reinforced composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum is 361MPa, and the tensile strength after reinforcement is increased by 88%, which indicates that the reinforcing process of the present invention significantly improves the tensile strength property of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum.
Example 3
The method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, installing an integrated tungsten steel stirring head in friction stir welding equipment; the integrated tungsten steel stirring head is an integrated part among a clamping end, a stirring pin and a shaft, and concentric heat dissipation circular rings are arranged among the shafts, as shown in fig. 2a and 2 b;
assembling and fixing the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates, forming a to-be-welded area between the opposite end faces of the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates to obtain a to-be-welded assembly, arranging a pressure sensor at the lower part of the to-be-welded assembly, setting the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the to-be-welded assembly to be 15MPa, and setting the rotation speed and the traveling speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to be 1000r/min and 90 r/min;
thirdly, starting friction stir welding equipment to enable the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to rotate and be inserted into a to-be-welded area in the to-be-welded assembly, and continuously moving forwards to perform friction stir welding to obtain the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material;
and step four, furnace heating the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material at 540 ℃ and preserving heat for 20min, then quenching at room temperature, furnace heating at 180 ℃ and preserving heat for 8h, and cooling in air to obtain the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
Fig. 5 is a metallographic representation of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 5, compared with the parent metal region, the weld nugget region and the heat affected zone in the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum still maintain the original structure of the parent metal, which indicates that the friction stir welding method adopted in the present invention prevents boron carbide and tungsten from reacting at high temperature to generate intermetallic compounds, thereby being beneficial to ensuring the mechanical properties of the composite shielding material of tungsten, boron and aluminum.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is prepared by performing laser welding on two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates.
Fig. 6a is a physical diagram of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in the comparative example, and as can be seen from fig. 6a, the weld seam area of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material is obviously protruded.
Fig. 6b is a metallographic representation of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in the comparative example, and it can be seen from fig. 6b that a large number of voids appear in the welding area of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
Fig. 6c is an enlarged view of the structure of the welding region in the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in the present comparative example, and it can be known from the results of the combined energy spectrum detection of fig. 6c that W and Al in the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material react to generate a large amount of interstitial compounds, i.e., tungsten-aluminum intermetallic compounds, which causes the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared by welding to have no mechanical properties.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is prepared by performing vacuum electron beam welding on two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates.
Fig. 7a is a physical diagram of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in the comparative example, and as can be seen from fig. 7a, the surface of the weld seam of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material is uniform and consistent, and the side surface of the weld seam is represented by a typical tapered weld seam.
Fig. 7b is a metallographic representation of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared in the comparative example, and it can be seen from fig. 7b that there are no obvious voids in the welding area of the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material, but a large number of voids still exist in the heat affected zone.
Fig. 7c is an enlarged view of the structure of the welding region in the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material prepared in the present comparative example, and it can be known from the results of the combined energy spectrum detection of fig. 7c that a weld pool region in the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material undergoes a severe W and Al reaction to generate a large amount of interstitial compounds, i.e., tungsten-aluminum intermetallic compounds, which cause welding failure, and the prepared tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material has no mechanical properties.
Comparing examples 1-3 with comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that compared with conventional laser welding and vacuum electron beam welding, the friction stir welding method is adopted to prepare the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material, so that intermetallic compounds generated by reaction of boron carbide and tungsten at high temperature are avoided, and a large number of holes are avoided in a welding pool area, thereby avoiding adverse effects on tensile properties of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material and improving mechanical properties of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, installing an integrated tungsten steel stirring head in friction stir welding equipment;
assembling and fixing the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates, forming a to-be-welded area between the opposite end faces of the two tungsten-boron-aluminum plates to obtain a to-be-welded assembly, and then setting the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the to-be-welded assembly, and the rotating speed and the advancing speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head;
and step three, starting the stirring friction welding equipment, enabling the integrated tungsten steel stirring head to rotate, inserting the integrated tungsten steel stirring head into a region to be welded in the component to be welded, and continuously moving the integrated tungsten steel stirring head forwards to perform stirring friction welding to obtain the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
2. The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the integrated tungsten steel stirring head is an integrated part among a clamping end, a stirring pin and a shaft, and concentric heat dissipation rings are arranged among the shafts.
3. The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the integrated tungsten steel stirring head in the second step is 800r/min to 1200r/min, and the advancing speed is 60r/min to 120 r/min.
4. The friction stir welding method of the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material according to claim 1, wherein a pressure sensor is arranged at the lower part of the component to be welded in the second step, and the pressure between the integrated tungsten steel stirring head and the component to be welded is 10 MPa-30 MPa.
5. A process for strengthening a tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
step one, heating the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material along with a furnace at 540 ℃ and preserving heat for 20 min;
step two, quenching the tungsten-boron-aluminum composite shielding material subjected to heat preservation in the step one at room temperature;
and step three, heating the tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material quenched at room temperature in the step two along with a furnace at 180 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, and cooling by air cooling to obtain the reinforced tungsten boron aluminum composite shielding material.
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