CN114054722B - High overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114054722B
CN114054722B CN202111366611.4A CN202111366611A CN114054722B CN 114054722 B CN114054722 B CN 114054722B CN 202111366611 A CN202111366611 A CN 202111366611A CN 114054722 B CN114054722 B CN 114054722B
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aluminum
alloy
aluminum alloy
zinc
seepage
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CN114054722A (en
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王清周
张建军
殷福星
余晖
冀璞光
刘力
牛浩源
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Hebei University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure
    • B22D27/13—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure making use of gas pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • C22C1/081—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming
    • C22C1/082—Casting porous metals into porous preform skeleton without foaming with removal of the preform
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention relates to a high overload resistant zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of firstly forming a prefabricated composite body by an aluminum alloy pipe and NaCl pore-forming agent particles in a seepage mould, then pouring a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt into the preheated seepage mould, enabling the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt to seep into pores of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles under the pressure of filled air, and obtaining the high overload-resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material after completely dissolving the NaCl pore-forming agent particles in water and cutting off foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy at the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe. The composite material obtained by the invention has a series of advantages of good and stable interface connection effect, high load shedding rate, strong damping capacity and energy absorbing capacity, small compression displacement and the like, and has simple process, high production efficiency, outstanding product quality and convenient mass production.

Description

High overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The technical scheme of the invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material with high overload resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rapid development and application of information technology has prompted exploration of high-speed transmission technologies in countries around the world. The precise electronic components and sensitive elements carried by various high-speed emission intelligent instruments can bear instantaneous and high-energy strong impact in the high-speed emission process, and the precise electronic components and sensitive elements are added in the high-overload stateThe speed can reach 10 at the highest 4 g above, and in some special processes (e.g. penetration), the impact acceleration is more likely to be as high as 10 5 g. Under such high acceleration, these precision electronic components and sensitive elements will be subjected to great pressure, so they are highly likely to be destroyed and fail in high overload environments of high-speed emission. At present, the anti-high overload technology has become one of the main bottlenecks for restricting informatization and national defense and military strength development in China.
One of the main methods for improving the high overload resistance of the precision device is to add a load-reducing component (material) to the precision device, and effectively reduce the peak value of the impact acceleration by utilizing the energy storage and energy consumption mechanism of the load-reducing component (material), so as to obviously reduce the influence of the high overload environment on the precision device. The currently commonly used load shedding components (materials) can be largely classified into metal type and rubber type. The rubber material has light weight, large damping and strong buffering effect, but has weaker load capacity, and is easy to age and lose efficacy in a high-low temperature environment; the metals mainly comprise belleville springs and aluminum foam. The disc spring can bear large impact load and has strong shock absorption capacity, but has the defect of large mass and does not meet the requirement of light weight of a high-speed transmitting device. The foam aluminum has a spongy structure, and a long stress platform exists in a stress-strain curve due to the layer-by-layer collapse of cells or the integral distortion and collapse mechanism during compression deformation, so that the foam aluminum can absorb a large amount of impact energy at a stable and constant stress level, and therefore, a precision device is prevented from being damaged in a high overload environment, and the foam aluminum is expected to be widely applied in the field of high-speed emission. However, the compression mechanical properties of the currently commonly used aluminum foam are low, and meanwhile, because aluminum does not have the characteristic of high damping, the overall damping capacity of the aluminum foam is still limited although the cell effect of the aluminum foam is effective for enhancing damping. This results in limited energy absorption and severe vibration of the protected precision device during high-speed transmission, and thus it is still difficult to obtain wide popularization and application in the high-speed transmission field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly forming a prefabricated composite body by an aluminum alloy pipe with a rough-formed inner wall and NaCl pore-forming agent particles in a seepage mould, then pouring a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt into the preheated seepage mould, enabling the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt to seep into pores of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles under the pressure of filled air, and finally obtaining the high overload-resistant foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material after the NaCl pore-forming agent particles are completely dissolved in water and the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy on the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe is cut off. The composite material prepared by the invention has a series of advantages of good and stable interface connection effect, high load shedding rate, strong damping capacity and energy absorbing capacity, small compression displacement and the like, and the related process is simple, the production efficiency is high, the product quality is outstanding, and the mass production is convenient.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high overload resistant zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material comprises an inner core and an outer layer; wherein the inner core is columnar foam zinc alloy, and the outer layer is an aluminum alloy tube.
The foam zinc alloy is preferably foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy; the strength of the aluminum alloy pipe is greater than that of the inner core material, and the aluminum alloy pipe is preferably 6061 aluminum alloy or 7075 aluminum alloy;
the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy pipe is 0.8-0.9 times of the outer diameter;
the average pore diameter of the foam alloy is 0.3 mm-0.9 mm.
The outer diameter of the aluminum alloy pipe is preferably 10-30 mm.
The zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy is a zinc-aluminum alloy with specific components, namely a zinc-based alloy with the aluminum mass percentage of 22 percent.
The preparation method of the high overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours after the temperature is raised to 430-460 ℃, and then screening the NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.9 mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
heating the steel seepage mould to 450-470 ℃ and then preserving heat; the steel seepage die is provided with an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover is provided with an air inlet, and the lower cover is provided with an air outlet; the middle lower part in the steel seepage die is an aluminum alloy pipe which is vertically distributed, and the inside, the upper part, the lower part and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe are compacted NaCl pore-forming agent particles; the height of the aluminum alloy pipe is 30-40% of the depth of the seepage die;
the particle size range of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles is 0.3 mm-0.9 mm; the number of the aluminum alloy pipes in the steel seepage die is 1-30;
the inner wall of the aluminum alloy pipe is subjected to rough forming treatment by polishing for 3-5 min through a steel wire brush.
The thickness of NaCl pore-forming agent particles at the lower part of the aluminum alloy pipe is 5-7% of the depth of the steel seepage die; the thickness of NaCl pore-forming agent particles at the upper part of the aluminum alloy pipe is 4-6% of the depth of the steel seepage mould;
thirdly, seepage casting:
after the steel seepage mould is kept warm for 5-9 min, smelting zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt which is 650-670 ℃ and kept warm for 20-25 min into the seepage mould from the upper part, covering an upper cover of the seepage mould, filling air into the seepage mould from a vent hole of the upper cover, keeping the pressure for 40-60 s after the air pressure in the seepage mould reaches 0.2-0.3 MPa, putting the seepage mould into water at room temperature for cooling after decompression, and taking out the obtained composite from the seepage mould after the mould is cooled to room temperature for standby;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material product:
and (3) removing NaCl pore-forming agent particles from the composite body obtained in the previous step through ultrasonic cleaning, and then cutting to remove the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy at the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe, thereby obtaining the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material, namely the high overload resistant foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material.
The NaCl pore-forming agent particles are commercially available.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention has the following outstanding substantial characteristics:
(1) The invention adopts an air pressure seepage integrated molding casting technology, can realize the integrated molding of the foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy and the aluminum alloy pipe, and has the advantages of convenient material selection, simple process, high bonding quality of the foamed core material and the pipe wall, and the like.
(2) According to the technology, the inner wall of the aluminum alloy pipe is polished and coarsened by a fine strip-shaped steel wire brush in advance before seepage casting, so that zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is filled in a concave area on the coarsened surface in the seepage process, and after the melt is solidified, a foam core and a pipe wall form good mechanical engagement, so that the bonding strength of an interface is further improved, good load transmission between the alloy pipe and the foam can be ensured, and the impact stability, energy absorption, load reduction and vibration reduction effects of the obtained composite material are greatly enhanced. Compared with the prior art disclosed by CN109175374A and the prior art disclosed by Zhu Xiang et al (Zhu Xiang, yin Yao, wang Rui, kang Miao, research on the energy absorption performance of foam aluminum filled thin-wall aluminum alloy multicellular members and unit cell members, engineering mechanics, 2021, 38 (5): 247-256), the air compression and seepage integrated forming technology disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the production efficiency is high, and the hollow tube and the foam are synchronously formed, so that the interface has good connecting effect and high stability, and the good comprehensive performance of the obtained composite material can be ensured.
(3) The technology of the invention immediately carries out quenching treatment on the seepage mould after seepage casting. The ingenious treatment not only can make the foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material be more easy and quick to demould, but also can improve the mechanical and damping properties of the composite material by reducing beta phase of the core foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy to finally make the foamed zinc-aluminum alloy obtain enough stable lamellar eutectoid structure. The method is a method which is not involved in the preparation technology of the foam metal material by the seepage casting technology at present, and the inventive technology provides a new thought for preparing the high-performance foam zinc-aluminum alloy material.
(4) The invention adopts an air-pressure seepage integrated molding casting process, and can simultaneously place a large number of alloy pipes in the die (the size of the seepage die can be adjusted at will), thereby improving the production efficiency of the material to a certain extent. For example, the composite material prepared by the air pressure seepage integrated molding casting process can be directly used after being cut into the required size, while the foam alloy and the filling pipe material are respectively cut in the prior art, so that the required construction period is at least doubled and even longer; in addition, the matching of the foam core and the filling pipe in the size needs to be considered when the prior art is adopted for cutting respectively, if the matching precision is not enough, a foam sample needs to be polished and even cut again, so that the construction period length is increased, and the interface matching degree of the obtained filling pipe composite material is difficult to be comparable with that of the composite material prepared by the air-pressure seepage integrated molding casting process. If the same working efficiency is adopted to prepare the same amount of filling pipe composite materials by the technology and the prior art respectively, the technology conservation of the invention can save at least half of the construction period.
(5) The air pressure seepage integrated molding casting process adopted by the invention has strong adjustability for preparing composite materials with different types and different compression mechanical property parameters, for example, aluminum alloy pipes with different pipe wall thicknesses can be put into one seepage mold, and alloy pipes with different materials can be put into the seepage mold at the same time.
(6) The composite material prepared by the technology not only has obviously improved compression mechanical property due to the existence of the compact aluminum alloy pipe, but also has obviously higher damping capacity than foamed aluminum material (according to the measurement result of an internal consumption meter, the damping capacity (Q -1 Approximately 5-6 times the damping of aluminum foam (Q-1 approximately 0.004-0.006), and this difference expands further with increasing temperature. The composite material prepared by the technology of the invention has excellent load-reducing performance under high overload environment and higher energy-absorbing capacity than foamed aluminum, and can play a better role in damping protected precision devicesSo that the functional characteristics can be fully utilized. In addition, due to the strong energy absorption capability of the composite material, the displacement is smaller while the precise device is successfully protected from being damaged in a high overload environment, which is significant for the application in the high-speed emission field, because the space in the cabin of the high-speed emitter is often limited to meet the light-weight requirement. The technology is from the creative work of the inventor of the invention, and the high energy absorption, high damping, high load shedding rate and low compression displacement are not reported by forming the high damping foam material and the light high-strength thin-wall aluminum alloy tube into the composite material with high energy absorption, high damping, high load shedding rate and low compression displacement.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seepage mold used in the technique of the present invention and macro-and micro-morphology diagrams of the produced product, wherein FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of a seepage mold used in the technique of the present invention; FIG. 1 (b) shows the macroscopic morphology (cut height 10 mm) of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam prepared in example 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 (c) shows the macroscopic morphology (cutting height 10 mm) of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared in example 2 of the present invention; FIG. 1 (d) shows the macroscopic morphology (cutting height 10 mm) of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared in example 3 of the present invention; FIG. 1 (e) is a cross-sectional view (cut height 10 mm) of a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material of foam prepared in example 3 of the present invention; FIG. 1 (f) shows the macroscopic morphology (cut height 10 mm) of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared in examples 4 and 5 of the present invention; FIGS. 1 (g) to (i) are SEM images of core foams of foamed Zn-Al eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in examples 3, 4 and 5, respectively; FIG. 1 (j) shows the macroscopic morphology (cutting height 10 mm) of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared in example 6 of the present invention; FIG. 1 (k) shows the macroscopic morphology (cutting height 10 mm) of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the energy absorption performance of the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy and the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 7 (corresponding to sample numbers 1 to 7 #).
FIG. 3 is a damping-temperature diagram of a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
this example is a comparative example:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5h to remove crystal water and adsorbed water, preventing gas or burst in the seepage casting process, and sieving by a standard sieve to obtain nearly spherical NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle diameter of 0.3mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles pretreated in the first step into a steel seepage mould with the inner diameter of 30mm and the depth of 210mm, wherein the bottom cover is provided with 4 symmetrically distributed round holes with the diameter of 1mm, compacting the surface of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles by using a rod-shaped object with a flat end surface after the NaCl pore-forming agent particles are completely poured, and finally, placing the seepage mould into a crucible resistance furnace, and preserving heat after the temperature is raised to 460 ℃ for later use;
thirdly, seepage casting:
placing a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy bar with the mass ratio of NaCl particles being 1:3.2 into a graphite crucible after the dialysis mold is insulated for 7min, placing the graphite crucible into another crucible resistance furnace, heating to 660 ℃, insulating for 25min after the alloy is melted, uniformly smearing a layer of soft mud which is formed by stirring tap water and clay immediately on the inner edge of an upper cover of the dialysis mold, scraping, taking out the dialysis mold from the crucible resistance furnace after the heat insulation of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is finished, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt into the dialysis mold, covering the upper cover of the dialysis mold, filling air into the dialysis mold from a vent hole of the upper cover by an air compressor, keeping the pressure for 50s after the air pressure in the dialysis mold reaches 0.25MPa, cooling the dialysis mold in water at room temperature after the pressure relief, taking out the obtained complex from the dialysis mold after the mold is cooled to room temperature, and waiting for use;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy product:
and (3) placing the composite body prepared in the three steps into an ultrasonic cleaner to clean for 5.5 hours, changing water every 1 hour during the cleaning process to completely dissolve out NaCl pore-forming agent particles to obtain a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy material, and then placing the obtained foamed material into a vacuum drying oven to dry at 60 ℃ for 3.5 hours to finally obtain the foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy product with the average pore diameter of 0.3 mm.
Example 2:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, heating to 430 ℃ and then preserving heat for 4 hours to remove crystal water and adsorbed water, preventing gas or burst in the seepage casting process, and then sieving through a standard sieve to obtain nearly spherical NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle size of 0.3mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles subjected to the first step into a steel seepage mould with the inner diameter of 30mm and the depth of 210mm, wherein the bottom cover is provided with 4 symmetrically distributed round holes with the diameter of 1mm, stopping pressing the surface of the rod-shaped object with a flat end surface when the NaCl pore-forming agent particles are poured into the steel seepage mould with the height of 10.5mm, pre-compacting the surface of the rod-shaped object, vertically inserting 3 6061 aluminum alloy pipes with the inner wall of 3min, the inner diameter of 8mm and the outer diameter of 10mm and the height of 63mm into the seepage mould through a wire brush, continuously pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles, stopping pouring after the NaCl pore-forming agent particles completely cover the aluminum alloy pipes and exceed 8.4mm, pressing the surface of the rod-shaped object with the flat end surface for compacting, and finally placing the seepage mould into a crucible resistance furnace, and keeping the temperature for later use after the temperature is raised to 450 ℃;
thirdly, seepage casting:
placing a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy bar stock with the mass ratio of NaCl particles being 1:3.2 into a graphite crucible after the dialysis mold is insulated for 5min, placing the graphite crucible into another crucible resistance furnace, heating to 650 ℃, insulating for 25min after the alloy is melted, uniformly smearing a layer of soft mud which is formed by stirring sodium silicate aqueous solution and clay on the inner edge of an upper cover of the dialysis mold in real time, strickling, taking out the dialysis mold from the crucible resistance furnace after the heat insulation of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is finished, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt into the dialysis mold, covering the upper cover of the dialysis mold, filling air into the dialysis mold from a vent hole of the upper cover by an air compressor, keeping the pressure for 60s after the air pressure in the dialysis mold reaches 0.2MPa, cooling the dialysis mold in water at room temperature after the pressure relief, taking out the obtained complex from the dialysis mold after the mold is cooled to room temperature, and standing for standby;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material product:
placing the composite body prepared in the three steps into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 5 hours, changing water every 1 hour during the cleaning to completely dissolve out NaCl pore-forming agent particles, then cutting the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy on the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of a 6061 aluminum alloy pipe by using a precise numerical control wire-cut electric discharge machine to obtain 3 foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials, and then placing the obtained composite materials into a vacuum drying oven for drying at 50 ℃ for 4 hours to finally obtain the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material products, wherein the average pore diameter of the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy is 0.3mm, and the wall thickness of the 6061 aluminum alloy pipe is 1.0mm.
Example 3:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 3.5h to remove crystal water and adsorbed water, preventing gas or burst in the seepage casting process, and sieving by a standard sieve to obtain nearly spherical NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle diameter of 0.3mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles pretreated in the first step into a steel seepage mould with the inner diameter of 30mm and the depth of 210mm, wherein the bottom cover is provided with 4 symmetrically distributed round holes with the diameter of 1mm, stopping when the NaCl pore-forming agent particles are poured into the steel seepage mould with the height of 12mm, pressing the surface of the rod-shaped object with a flat end surface for pre-compaction treatment, vertically inserting 3 6061 aluminum alloy pipes with the inner wall polished by a steel wire brush for 4min, the inner diameter of 9mm and the outer diameter of 10mm and the height of 70mm into the seepage mould, continuously pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles, stopping pouring after the NaCl pore-forming agent particles completely cover the aluminum alloy pipes and exceed 10mm, pressing the surface of the rod-shaped object with a flat end surface for compaction treatment, finally placing the seepage mould into a crucible resistance furnace, and keeping warm for standby after the temperature is raised to 460 ℃;
thirdly, seepage casting:
placing a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy bar stock with the mass ratio of NaCl particles being 1:3.2 into a graphite crucible after the dialysis mold is insulated for 7min, placing the graphite crucible into another crucible resistance furnace, heating to 660 ℃, preserving heat for 25min after the alloy is melted, uniformly smearing a layer of soft mud which is formed by stirring sodium silicate aqueous solution and clay on the inner edge of an upper cover of the dialysis mold in real time, strickling, taking out the dialysis mold from the crucible resistance furnace after the heat preservation of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is finished, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt into the dialysis mold, covering the upper cover of the dialysis mold, filling air into the dialysis mold from a vent hole of the upper cover by an air compressor, preserving pressure for 50s after the air pressure in the dialysis mold reaches 0.25MPa, cooling the dialysis mold in water at room temperature vertically after the pressure is released, taking out the obtained complex from the dialysis mold after the mold is cooled to room temperature, and standing for standby;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material product:
placing the composite body prepared in the three steps into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 5.5 hours, changing water every 1 hour during the cleaning to completely dissolve out NaCl pore-forming agent particles, then cutting the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy on the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of a 6061 aluminum alloy pipe by using a precise numerical control wire-cut machine to obtain 3 foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials, and then placing the obtained composite materials into a vacuum drying oven for drying at 60 ℃ for 3.5 hours to finally obtain the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material product, wherein the average pore diameter of the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy is 0.3mm, and the wall thickness of the 6061 aluminum alloy pipe is 0.5mm.
Example 4:
in this example, the procedure was the same as in example 3 except that the approximately spherical NaCl pore-forming agent particles having a particle diameter of 0.6mm were obtained by sieving with a standard sieve in the first step, and the average pore diameter of the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material product finally obtained in this example was 0.6mm, and the wall thickness of the 6061 aluminum alloy tube was 0.5mm.
Example 5:
in this example, the procedure was the same as in example 3 except that the approximately spherical NaCl pore-forming agent particles having a particle diameter of 0.9mm were obtained by sieving with a standard sieve in the first step, and the average pore diameter of the foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material product finally obtained in this example was 0.9mm, and the wall thickness of the 6061 aluminum alloy tube was 0.5mm.
Example 6:
in this example, the same procedure as in example 3 was followed except that 3 6061 aluminum alloy tubes each having an inner wall polished by a wire brush for 4 minutes, an inner diameter of 8mm, an outer diameter of 10mm, and a height of 70mm were vertically inserted into a percolation mold in the second step, and the final product of the zinc-aluminum alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material according to this example was obtained with an average pore diameter of 0.3mm and a wall thickness of 1mm for the 6061 aluminum alloy tubes.
Example 7:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, heating to 460 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours to remove crystal water and adsorbed water, preventing gas or burst in the seepage casting process, and sieving by a standard sieve to obtain nearly spherical NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle size of 0.3mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles pretreated in the first step into a steel seepage mould with the inner diameter of 30mm and the depth of 210mm, wherein the bottom cover is provided with 4 symmetrically distributed round holes with the diameter of 1mm, stopping pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles when the height of 14.7mm, pressing the surface of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles by a rod-shaped object with a flat end surface for pre-compaction treatment, vertically inserting 3 6061 aluminum alloy pipes with the inner wall polished by a wire brush for 5min, the inner diameter of 9mm, the outer diameter of 10mm and the height of 84mm into the seepage mould, continuously pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles, stopping pouring the NaCl pore-forming agent particles after the NaCl pore-forming agent particles completely cover the aluminum alloy pipes and exceed 12.6mm, pressing the surface of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles by the rod-shaped object with a flat end surface for compaction treatment, finally placing the seepage mould into a crucible resistance furnace, and keeping the temperature after the temperature is raised to 470 ℃ for later use;
thirdly, seepage casting:
placing a zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy bar stock with the mass ratio of NaCl particles being 1:3.2 into a graphite crucible after the dialysis mold is insulated for 9min, placing the graphite crucible into another crucible resistance furnace, heating to 670 ℃, insulating for 20min after the alloy is melted, uniformly smearing a layer of soft mud which is formed by stirring sodium silicate aqueous solution and clay on the inner edge of an upper cover of the dialysis mold in real time, strickling, taking out the dialysis mold from the crucible resistance furnace after the heat preservation of the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt is finished, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt into the dialysis mold, covering the upper cover of the dialysis mold, filling air into the dialysis mold from a vent hole of the upper cover by an air compressor, keeping the pressure for 40s after the air pressure in the dialysis mold reaches 0.3MPa, vertically placing the dialysis mold into water at room temperature, cooling the dialysis mold, taking out the obtained composite from the dialysis mold after the mold is cooled to room temperature, and standing for later use;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material product:
placing the composite body prepared in the three steps into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 6 hours, changing water every 1 hour during the cleaning process to completely dissolve out NaCl pore-forming agent particles, then cutting the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy on the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of a 6061 aluminum alloy pipe by using a precise numerical control wire-cut electric discharge machine to obtain 3 foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials, and then placing the obtained composite materials into a vacuum drying oven for drying at 70 ℃ for 3 hours to finally obtain the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material products, wherein the average pore diameter of the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy is 0.3mm, and the wall thickness of the 6061 aluminum alloy pipe is 0.5mm.
Sample numbers 1 to 7# obtained by the above-mentioned examples 1 to 7, i.e., example numbers correspond to sample numbers.
FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic diagram of a percolation mold employed in the technique of the present invention. The composite material finished product prepared by the technology of the invention is cylindrical (shown in figure 1 (c, d, f, j, k)). FIG. 1 (e) is a cross-sectional view showing the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared in example 3, and it can be seen from the figure that the core foam and the thin-walled aluminum alloy tube exhibit a good mechanical engagement state, and the interface bonding is tight, which ensures smooth transmission of stress therebetween. Fig. 1 (g-i) shows SEM images of core foams of the foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in examples 3-5, and the core of the composite material is an open-cell foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy with uniformly distributed holes, and the hole walls are connected forcefully without obvious seepage casting defects. All of the composites shown in fig. 1 possess the high quality characteristics of the composites described above.
FIG. 2 shows the energy absorption curves of the composite products prepared in examples 1 to 7. As can be seen, the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material has significantly improved energy absorption capacity (up to about 19 MJ/m) 3 ). In addition, the energy absorbing capacity of the composite material can also be increased along with the increase of the wall thickness of the aluminum alloy pipe and the increase of the pore diameter of the foam. The high strength and high energy absorption of the composite material prepared by the technique of the invention can be attributed to the good interface formed between the core foam and the aluminum alloy tube in addition to the synergistic effect of the two。
Fig. 3 shows the damping-temperature profile of the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy, and it can be seen that the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy has an ultra-high damping capacity. The zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy foam composite material prepared by the technology has high damping capacity due to the high damping characteristic of the core foam of the composite material.
Table 1 shows the stress relief performance (measured by a split Hopkinson pressure bar) of the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy and the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 7 (corresponding to sample numbers 1 to 7 #) in the dynamic compression process. As shown in the table, the stress relief rate of all samples reaches more than 89%
Figure BDA0003361058810000081
Therefore, the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the technology has excellent stress relief effect. It can be seen from both fig. 2 and fig. 3 that the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the technology of the invention also has high energy absorption capacity and damping capacity, so that the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the technology of the invention has great application value in the field of high overload resistant military engineering.
In conclusion, the composite material prepared by the technology of the invention overcomes the defects that the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy foam is small in bearable load, easy to collapse and weak in energy absorption capability when being singly used, and the 6061 aluminum alloy thin-wall tube is poor in non-axial bearing capability, difficult to control in the failure process, poor in damping load-reducing capability and the like. The composite material has the outstanding advantages of high bearing capacity, strong energy absorption capacity, strong damping capacity, high load shedding efficiency, high stability, capability of being used in extreme environments, and the like, and is very suitable for protecting precision devices in high overload environments in the high-speed emission process. The composite material not only can be used as a load reducing material to effectively reduce load of a precision device by small compression displacement, but also can prevent the precision device from vibration, so that the functional characteristics of the precision device can be fully exerted.
Table 1 shows the stress relief performance (measured by a split Hopkinson pressure bar) of the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy and the zinc-aluminum foam eutectoid alloy/6061 aluminum alloy composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 7 (corresponding to sample numbers 1 to 7 #) in the dynamic compression process.
TABLE 1
Sequence number Peak input stress/MPa Input stress duration/. Mu.s Peak output stress/MPa Output stress duration/. Mu.s Stress relief rate/%
1# 449 177 19.8 173 95.6
2# 406 164 41.0 155 89.9
3# 437 161 26.6 165 93.9
4# 439 163 28.5 156 93.5
5# 431 161 29.3 160 93.2
6# 413 163 42.9 158 89.6
7# 421 162 25.8 166 93.9
The invention is not a matter of the known technology.

Claims (6)

1. A high overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material is characterized in that the material comprises an inner core and an outer layer; wherein the inner core is columnar foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy, and the outer layer is an aluminum alloy pipe; the strength of the aluminum alloy pipe is greater than that of the inner core material;
the preparation method of the high overload-resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following steps:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours after the temperature is raised to 430-460 ℃, and then screening the NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.9 mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
heating the steel seepage die to 450-470 ℃ and then preserving heat; the steel seepage die is provided with an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover is provided with an air inlet, and the lower cover is provided with an air outlet; the middle lower part in the steel seepage die is an aluminum alloy pipe which is vertically distributed, and the inside, the upper part, the lower part and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe are compacted NaCl pore-forming agent particles; the height of the aluminum alloy pipe is 30-40% of the depth of the seepage die;
the particle size range of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles is 0.3 mm-0.9 mm; the number of the aluminum alloy pipes in the steel seepage die is 1-30;
thirdly, seepage casting:
after the steel seepage mould is kept warm for 5-9 min, smelting zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt which is 650-670 ℃ and kept warm for 20-25 min into the seepage mould from the upper part, covering an upper cover of the seepage mould, filling air into the seepage mould from an air inlet of the upper cover, keeping the pressure for 40-60 s after the air pressure in the seepage mould reaches 0.2-0.3 MPa, putting the seepage mould into water at room temperature for cooling after the pressure is released, and taking out the obtained composite from the seepage mould after the mould is cooled to the room temperature for standby;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material product:
and (3) removing NaCl pore-forming agent particles from the composite body obtained in the previous step through ultrasonic cleaning, and then cutting to remove the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy at the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe, thereby obtaining the foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material, namely the high overload resistant foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material.
2. The high overload resistant zinc aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy tube is made of 6061 aluminum alloy or 7075 aluminum alloy.
3. The high overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy pipe is 0.8-0.9 times of the outer diameter; the outer diameter of the aluminum alloy pipe is 10-30 mm;
the average pore diameter of the foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy is 0.3 mm-0.9 mm.
4. The high overload-resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the preparation method, the thickness of NaCl pore-forming agent particles at the lower part of an aluminum alloy pipe is 5-7% of the depth of a steel seepage die; the thickness of NaCl pore-forming agent particles at the upper part of the aluminum alloy pipe is 4-6% of the depth of the steel seepage die.
5. The high overload-resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the preparation method, the inner wall of the aluminum alloy pipe is subjected to rough treatment of grinding for 3-5 min by a wire brush.
6. The preparation method of the high overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, pretreatment of NaCl pore-forming agent particles:
placing NaCl pore-forming agent particles into a resistance furnace, keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours after the temperature is raised to 430-460 ℃, and then screening the NaCl pore-forming agent particles with the particle size of 0.3-0.9 mm for later use;
secondly, preparing and preheating a seepage die:
heating the steel seepage die to 450-470 ℃ and then preserving heat; the steel seepage die is provided with an upper cover and a lower cover, the upper cover is provided with an air inlet, and the lower cover is provided with an air outlet; the middle lower part in the steel seepage die is an aluminum alloy pipe which is vertically distributed, and the inside, the upper part, the lower part and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe are compacted NaCl pore-forming agent particles; the height of the aluminum alloy pipe is 30-40% of the depth of the seepage die;
the particle size range of the NaCl pore-forming agent particles is 0.3 mm-0.9 mm; the number of the aluminum alloy pipes in the steel seepage die is 1-30;
thirdly, seepage casting:
after the steel seepage mould is kept warm for 5-9 min, smelting zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy, pouring the zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy melt which is 650-670 ℃ and kept warm for 20-25 min into the seepage mould from the upper part, covering an upper cover of the seepage mould, filling air into the seepage mould from an air inlet of the upper cover, keeping the pressure for 40-60 s after the air pressure in the seepage mould reaches 0.2-0.3 MPa, putting the seepage mould into water at room temperature for cooling after the pressure is released, and taking out the obtained composite from the seepage mould after the mould is cooled to the room temperature for standby;
fourthly, preparing a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material product:
removing NaCl pore-forming agent particles from the composite body obtained in the previous step through ultrasonic cleaning, and then cutting to remove foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy at the upper end, the lower end and the periphery of the aluminum alloy pipe to obtain a foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material, namely a high overload resistant foamed zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy/aluminum alloy composite material;
the composition of the material comprises an inner core and an outer layer; wherein the inner core is columnar foam zinc-aluminum eutectoid alloy, and the outer layer is an aluminum alloy pipe; the strength of the aluminum alloy pipe is greater than that of the inner core material.
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