CN114054532A - Method for improving utilization rate of nickel-based alloy bar material manufactured by extrusion - Google Patents
Method for improving utilization rate of nickel-based alloy bar material manufactured by extrusion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114054532A CN114054532A CN202110250871.9A CN202110250871A CN114054532A CN 114054532 A CN114054532 A CN 114054532A CN 202110250871 A CN202110250871 A CN 202110250871A CN 114054532 A CN114054532 A CN 114054532A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the utilization rate of a material for extruding and manufacturing a nickel-based alloy bar, belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy hot processing, and solves the problems of uneven deformation and low material utilization rate of a large-diameter nickel-based alloy extruded bar in the prior art. The method comprises the steps of arranging a cylindrical gasket at the head of a cylindrical forging stock to be extruded, and arranging a circular gasket at the tail of the cylindrical forging stock to be extruded. The method realizes the stable manufacturing of the large-diameter nickel-based alloy bar with uniform extrusion deformation and improved material utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, in particular to a method for improving the utilization rate of a nickel-based alloy bar material manufactured by extrusion.
Background
The nickel-based alloy is a high-temperature alloy taking a gamma phase containing more than 30 percent of nickel as a matrix, the aging type nickel-based alloy takes a gamma 'phase with a face-centered cubic structure and a gamma' phase with a body-centered cubic structure as precipitation strengthening phases, has excellent high strength, oxidation resistance, toughness and ductility, good welding performance and good machining performance at the temperature of more than 600 ℃, and has extremely wide application in the fields of gas turbines, aero-engines, deep sea oil wells and the like.
The nickel-based alloy bar stock for aerospace has very high requirements on texture uniformity, grain size grade difference and the like, and the domestic large-size fine-grained bar stock is generally produced by adopting a quick forging mode at present. Due to the complex stress state in the extrusion process, the nonuniformity of the stress can bring great influence on the tissue control, and especially the nonuniformity of the overall tissue of the blank can increase the tissue control difficulty in the hot extrusion process of the nickel-based alloy. When the bar is extruded, a part of the head area is a free surface, the deformation is small, and the tail part does not completely pass through the deformation area and the sizing band of the extrusion die, so that more blank tissues are reserved, the grain size difference between the head part, the tail part and the middle part is greater than 2 grades, and the requirement of fine-grained bars for aerospace is difficult to meet. When supplying materials, a part of bar stock at the head and the tail of the high-temperature alloy needs to be cut off, so that the material utilization rate is low, and the production cost is high due to more expensive metals such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum and the like in the high-temperature alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving the material utilization rate of a nickel-based alloy rod material manufactured by extrusion, so as to solve the problems of uneven deformation and low material utilization rate of the nickel-based alloy extruded rod material in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the application discloses a method for improving material utilization rate of nickel-based alloy bars manufactured by extrusion, wherein a cylindrical gasket is arranged at the head of a cylindrical forging stock to be extruded, and a circular gasket is arranged at the tail of the cylindrical forging stock to be extruded.
Further, the method for improving the utilization rate of the material for manufacturing the nickel-based alloy bar stock by extrusion comprises the following steps:
and 4, heating the combined blank at 930-1080 ℃, keeping the temperature of the combined blank for 1-4 hours after the combined blank is completely heated, and then discharging the combined blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion.
Further, in the step 3, the diameter of the cylindrical spacer is equal to that of the cylindrical forging stock.
Further, in the step 3, the height of the cylindrical gasket is 40-100 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the height of the annular gasket is 100-300 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the inner diameter of the annular gasket is 1/4-1/2 of the diameter of the cylindrical forging stock.
Further, in the step 2, rounding one end of the cylindrical gasket, wherein the radius of the rounded corner is r 20-r 50 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the cylindrical gasket and the circular gasket are both made of austenitic stainless steel.
Further, in the step 4, before hot extrusion, the combined blank is subjected to lubricant treatment, the lubricant comprises a glass pad and glass powder coated on the surfaces of the cylindrical forging blank and the cylindrical gasket, and the glass pad is arranged between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket.
Further, in the step 4, during hot extrusion, the extrusion ratio is 2-9, and the extrusion speed is 5-30 mm/s.
Further, the cylindrical gasket, the cylindrical forging stock and the annular gasket are coaxially arranged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, the cylindrical gasket is arranged at the head of the cylindrical forging stock to be extruded, the cylindrical gasket can generate a reverse acting force on the head of the extrusion stock when the extrusion is started, and further, the one-direction tensile stress of the free surface area of the head of the traditional extrusion stock is improved into the three-direction compressive stress which is the same as that of other parts of the extrusion stock, so that the deformation amount of the head is increased, the overall strain of the stock is more uniform, and the grain size grade difference of the axial direction (for example, the grain size grade difference of the head, the tail and the middle section is less than or equal to 1 grade).
(2) The method improves the tail shrinkage phenomenon of the traditional extrusion mode and can extrude all the materials of the cylindrical forging stock out of the extrusion die by arranging the annular gasket at the tail part of the cylindrical forging stock to be extruded, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate (for example, the material utilization rate reaches more than 90 percent) of the cylindrical forging stock (the material is an expensive nickel-based alloy material) and reducing the production cost.
(3) In the method, the cylindrical gasket and the circular gasket are made of austenitic stainless steel, the deformation temperature ranges of the austenitic stainless steel and the nickel-based alloy are similar, the austenitic stainless steel and the nickel-based alloy are easy to weld, and in addition, the two metal materials can use the same type of lubricant, so that convenience is brought to extrusion operation.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a unitized extrusion billet of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a double-cone die of an extrusion die used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of tail end contraction during extrusion of a bar according to a conventional method; wherein (a) is one of the cross-sectional views; (b) a cross-sectional view from another perspective;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the process of the present invention during extrusion.
Reference numerals:
1-cylindrical gasket, 2-cylindrical forging stock, 3-annular gasket, 4-inlet of double-cone die, and 5-sizing belt.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The nickel-based alloy bar stock for aerospace has very high requirements on texture uniformity, grain size grade difference and the like, and the domestic large-size fine-grained bar stock is generally produced by adopting a quick forging mode at present. Due to the complicated stress state of the extrusion process, the non-uniformity of the stress can also have great influence on the tissue control, especially the non-uniformity of the overall tissue of the blank. The existing extrusion die adopts a double-cone die when extruding the bar material, as shown in figure 2, the die angles are combined to be 60 degrees and 45 degrees, the die angles adopt circular arc transition, R30mm, and the die angles and a bearing belt adopt circular arc transition, R100 mm. The inventor has intensively studied in practice to find that: when the bar is extruded, a part of the area of the head is a free surface, the deformation is small, and the tail part does not completely pass through the deformation area and the bearing belt of the extrusion die, so that more blank tissues are reserved, and the tail contraction phenomenon is more serious when the diameter of the bar is larger, as shown in fig. 3 below. The grain size grade difference between the head and the tail and the middle section is larger than 2 grades, and the requirement of fine-grained bar materials for aerospace is difficult to meet. When supplying materials, a part of bar stock at the head and the tail of the bar stock needs to be cut off, so that the material utilization rate is low, and the production cost is high due to more expensive metals such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum and the like in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy for aerospace.
The invention discloses a method for improving the utilization rate of a material for manufacturing a nickel-based alloy bar by extrusion, wherein a cylindrical gasket 1 is arranged at the head of a cylindrical forging stock 2 to be extruded, and a circular gasket 3 is arranged at the tail of the cylindrical forging stock 2 to be extruded.
Compared with the prior art, the cylindrical gasket is arranged at the head of the cylindrical forging stock to be extruded, the cylindrical gasket can generate reverse acting force on the head of the extrusion stock when the extrusion is started, and further the one-way tensile stress of the free surface area of the head of the traditional extrusion stock is improved into the three-way compressive stress which is the same as that of other parts of the extrusion stock, so that the deformation of the head is increased, the integral strain of the stock is more uniform, and the axial grain size grade difference is reduced. The ring-shaped gasket is arranged at the tail part of the cylindrical forging stock to be extruded, so that the tail shrinkage phenomenon of the traditional extrusion mode is improved, the material of the cylindrical forging stock can be completely extruded from the extrusion die, the utilization rate of the cylindrical forging stock (the material is an expensive nickel-based high-temperature alloy material) is greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Specifically, the method for improving the utilization rate of the material for manufacturing the nickel-based alloy bar by extrusion comprises the following steps:
and 4, heating the combined blank at 930-1080 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-4 hours after the combined blank is thoroughly heated, and then discharging from the furnace for hot extrusion to obtain the nickel-based alloy bar. Wherein, before hot extrusion, the combined blank is sprayed with a lubricant; as shown in fig. 4, during extrusion, the cylindrical shim end (i.e., the head) first enters the extrusion die.
Specifically, in the step 1, the blank is hot cracked due to the excessively high heating temperature during cogging; when the deformation resistance of the material is too low, the deformation is difficult due to the increase of the deformation resistance of the material, and meanwhile, the tonnage requirement of the press is increased. Therefore, the heating temperature during cogging is controlled to be 900 to 1200 ℃ (e.g., 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1200 ℃). The blank is easy to crack due to overlarge cogging deformation, and the instability phenomenon occurs during upsetting; when the deformation amount of a single heat is small, the deformation heat needs to be increased, so that the production cost is increased and the production efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the cogging deformation is controlled to be 20% to 50% (for example, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%).
Specifically, in the step 1, the crystal grains grow due to the overhigh temperature during blank making, which brings difficulty to the control of the grain size in the subsequent extrusion; and if the metal deformation resistance is too low, the metal deformation resistance is increased, and the required tonnage of equipment is increased. Therefore, the heating temperature during the blank production is controlled to 1060 to 1120 ℃ (for example, 1060 ℃, 1070 ℃, 1080 ℃, 1090 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1110 ℃, 1120 ℃). The blank deformation caused by overlarge blank manufacturing deformation can cause the defects of instability during blank deformation, folding of the ingot body and the like, and the defects need to be machined and removed subsequently, so that the material utilization rate is reduced, and the cost is increased. Therefore, the diameter of the billet after cogging is determined according to the target diameter of the extruded billet, and the deformation amount during the billet making is controlled to be less than 70%.
Specifically, in the step 2, the diameter D of the cylindrical forging is 300 to 900mm (for example, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, 550mm, 600mm, 650mm, 700mm, 750mm, 800mm, 850mm, 900 mm).
Specifically, in the step 2, in order to obtain a cylindrical forging stock with good surface quality, the overall finish of the cylindrical forging stock is controlled to be Ra6.3.
Specifically, in step 3, in order to ensure that the combined blank can be extruded smoothly, the diameter of the cylindrical spacer 1 is equal to or slightly smaller than the maximum diameter of the double-cone die inlet 4.
Specifically, in the step 3, the diameter D of the cylindrical forging stock 2 is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical gasket 1, so that the phenomenon that the edge is sheared and broken by a sharp corner of the edge of the cylindrical forging stock 2 when the diameter of the cylindrical gasket 1 is too large can be avoided, and the broken gasket part can be clamped at an extrusion die to scratch the surface of an extrusion piece (namely, the cylindrical forging stock 2); and if the diameter of the cylindrical gasket 1 is larger than that of the cylindrical forging stock 2, the gasket can be coated on the head of the blank during extrusion, so that the diameter of the head of the nickel-based alloy bar stock is thinned, and the purpose of improving the material utilization rate cannot be achieved.
Specifically, in step 3, the height H of the cylindrical spacer 11The overlarge size can lead the extruded gasket to wrap the head of the extruded part, thus causing the diameter size of the head of the extruded part to be insufficient; too small, the shims are easily deformed and do not serve the purpose of applying a counter force to the extrusion head. Thus, the height H of the cylindrical spacer 1 is controlled1Is (1/15-1/6) D, specifically 40-100 mm (e.g., 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100 mm).
Specifically, in the step 3, in order to make the combined blank more easily enter the extrusion die, the phenomenon of 'stuffy car' is avoided, and the shell breaking force is reduced; it is necessary to round the head of the cylindrical shim.
Specifically, in the step 3, when the radius of the fillet of the cylindrical gasket 1 is too large, the shell breaking force cannot be further reduced, and meanwhile, the working time required for processing the fillet is increased, so that the production efficiency is reduced; too small a size does not result in rounding. Therefore, the fillet radius is controlled to be r20 to r50 mm.
Specifically, in step 3, the non-rounded surface of the cylindrical shim 1 is welded to one end of the cylindrical forging stock.
It should be noted that, in the step 3, the circular ring-shaped gasket 3 is arranged at the tail part of the cylindrical forging stock instead of the cylindrical gasket because if the cylindrical gasket is arranged at the tail part, the gasket enters the inside of the end-shrinking part of the extrusion piece after the extrusion is completed, and the end-shrinking part of the extrusion bar and the gasket material must be sawn off from the top point of the end-shrinking part. The material is wasted and the function of adding the gasket is not achieved. The tail part of the extruded bar can be reduced by adding the annular gasket at the tail part.
Specifically, in the step 3, the inner diameter of the annular gasket 3 is too large, that is, the height-thickness ratio of the annular part is large, and the gasket is unstable and is folded under the action of huge squeezing force; too small a size does not serve the purpose of reducing the compression tail. Therefore, the inner diameter of the annular gasket 3 is controlled to be eta times of the diameter of the cylindrical forging stock 2, and the eta value is selected to be 1/4-1/2 according to the difficulty of tail shrinkage of different ingot shapes and different grades of alloys.
Specifically, in step 3, the height H of the annular gasket 3 is set2The gasket material is unnecessarily wasted due to the overlarge size; if the amount is too small, the whole of the extruded billet cannot be extruded out of the die. In actual production, the height H of the annular gasket 3 can be calculated according to the volumes in the deformation zone and the bearing zone of the die2I.e. H2The following equation is satisfied:
in the formula: alpha is a mode angle, and a double cone mode is an average value of two angles; lambda is the extrusion ratio; x is the length of the bearing 5; r is the radius of the cylindrical forging 2. Formula (1) can be simplified as:
the above formula does not take account of rounding at the inlet and outlet of the die deformation zone, and the height H of the annular gasket 3 is calculated in order to extrude the entire cylindrical forging stock 2 from the die2And rounding up in the backward direction. Thus, the height H of the annular gasket 3 is controlled2Is 100-300 mm, such as 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, 170mm, 200mm, 220mm, 250mm, 270mm, 300 mm.
Specifically, in the step 3, the cylindrical gasket 1 and the annular gasket 3 are made of austenitic stainless steel, because the deformation temperature ranges of the austenitic stainless steel and the nickel-based alloy are the same or similar (for example, the initial deformation temperatures of the two metals are different by less than 60 ℃), and the two metals are easy to weld, and in addition, the two metal materials can use the same type of lubricant, which brings convenience to the extrusion operation.
Specifically, in the step 3, when the extrusion is performed on the vertical extruder and the operation is convenient, the ring-shaped gasket 3 also can not be welded with the cylindrical forging stock 2, and the heating temperature of the ring-shaped gasket 3 can be lower than the heating temperature of the cylindrical forging stock 2 by 50-100 ℃, so that the strength of the ring-shaped gasket 3 can be increased, and the further reduction of the tail shrinkage is facilitated. During extrusion, the annular gasket 3 is firstly placed on the extrusion rod and is centered with the extrusion rod, then the cylindrical forging stock 2 is placed on the annular gasket 3 and is centered, and then extrusion is carried out.
Specifically, in step 4, in order to prevent the cylindrical forged blank 2 and the shim from being oxidized at high temperature, the cylindrical forged blank is not coated with a glass lubricant after being taken out of the furnace, and the "descaling" process is also reduced. Before the combined blank is put into the furnace, the surface of the combined blank is sprayed with an anti-oxidation coating. The thickness of the anti-oxidation coating is moderate, and the coating is burnt when being heated in a furnace, so that the coating cannot play an anti-oxidation effect, and the coating can be sintered and fall off when being too thick.
Specifically, in the step 4, the combined blank is subjected to lubricant treatment before hot extrusion, the lubricant comprises a glass mat and glass powder coated on the surfaces of the cylindrical forging stock 2 and the cylindrical gasket 1, and the glass mat is arranged between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket 1.
Specifically, in the step 4, when the extrusion ratio is too small, the advantage that the extrusion process refines the grain structure through large deformation cannot be fully exerted; too large an extrusion ratio requires the die to have high strength and hardness, increases wear of the die, reduces die life, increases cost, increases tonnage requirements of the extruder, and is not universal. The extrusion speed is too slow, the heat dissipation time of the blank is increased, the surface temperature of the blank is reduced, the deformation resistance is increased, and the blank can not be extruded in the later stage of extrusion; too high an extrusion rate increases friction force, resulting in increased extrusion force, while too high a deformation rate is not conducive to recrystallization and grain refinement. Therefore, the extrusion ratio in hot extrusion is controlled to be 2-9, such as 2, 4, 6, 9, etc., and the extrusion speed is controlled to be 5-30 mm/s, such as 5mm/s, 10mm/s, 15mm/s, 20mm/s, 25mm/s, 30 mm/s.
Specifically, the structure of the nickel-based alloy bar obtained after the extrusion in the step 4 is uniform and fine, and the grain size difference between the head part, the tail part and the middle section is less than or equal to 1 grade.
Specifically, the material utilization rate of the nickel-based alloy bar material obtained after the extrusion in the step 4 is more than 90%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the utilization rate of a material for manufacturing a nickel-based alloy bar by extrusion, and is used for preparing a nickel-based alloy fine-grained bar with the diameter of phi 300 mm.
The method comprises the following steps:
And 2, performing surface machining on the blank subjected to blank manufacturing, turning off black skin and surface defects, and obtaining the cylindrical forging blank with the integral smooth finish of Ra6.3.
And 4, spraying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded combined blank, putting the welded combined blank into a furnace for heating at 1020 ℃, keeping the temperature of the combined blank for 3 hours after the combined blank is completely heated, then discharging the combined blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion, coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the combined blank before extrusion, putting one end (head) welded with a cylindrical gasket into an extrusion die, clamping a glass lubricating pad between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket, wherein the extrusion speed is 20mm/s, and the integral extrusion ratio is 4.
Considering that the stainless steel cylindrical gasket at the head part is easy to fall off generally after extrusion is finished, the arc-shaped bulge at the head part is lightened, the combined blank is completely extruded, the stainless steel backing ring is coated by partial alloy metal at the tail part, and the adhered stainless steel backing ring is completely cut off. The bar produced by the method has good head and tail quality, good surface quality and small machining amount, and can realize the material utilization rate of 92% of the cylindrical forging stock. The axial grain size of the effective area of the bar is 5-6 grades, the grain size grade difference is 1 grade, and the integral structure uniformity of the nickel-based alloy bar is good.
Example 2
This example was used to prepare fine-grained bar stock of nickel-base alloy with a diameter of phi 150 mm.
And 2, performing surface machining treatment on the blank to remove black skin and defects and obtain a cylindrical forged blank (namely an extrusion blank) with a smooth surface.
And 4, heating the combined blank to 990 ℃, heating the annular gasket to 930 ℃, uniformly spraying the anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the blank before entering the furnace, keeping the temperature for 2 hours after the blank is uniformly heated, then discharging the blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion, coating the glass lubricant on the surface of the blank before extrusion, enabling one end welded with the cylindrical gasket to enter an extrusion die, and placing the glass lubricating gasket between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket. The extrusion speed was 30mm/s and the extrusion ratio was 5.5.
The stainless steel cylindrical gasket at the head part automatically falls off after extrusion, and the circular-cap-shaped bulge at the head part of the bar material is smaller; and (4) extruding the combined blank, and cutting off the stainless steel backing ring with the tail part adhered. The axial grain size of the effective area of the bar is 5.5-6.5 grade, and the grade difference is 1 grade. Through measurement and calculation, compared with the traditional extrusion mode without the gasket, the material utilization rate of the nickel-based alloy can be improved to 94%.
The method for improving the material utilization rate of the nickel-based alloy bar stock manufactured by extrusion is suitable for extrusion forming of the nickel-based bar stocks with various sizes, and particularly can obviously reduce the axial grain size grade difference of the bar stock and improve the material utilization rate of the high-temperature alloy when the extrusion blank is short and the extrusion is small and the die angle of an extrusion die is small. Obtaining the alloy bar with uniform structure from head to tail and the grain size grade difference less than or equal to grade 1.
Example 3
This example was used to prepare nickel base alloy bar stock with a diameter of 300mm phi.
The method comprises the following steps:
And 2, performing surface machining on the blank subjected to blank manufacturing, turning off black skin and surface defects, and obtaining the cylindrical forging blank with the integral smooth finish of Ra6.3.
And 4, spraying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded combined blank, putting the welded combined blank into a furnace for heating at 1080 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours after the combined blank is thoroughly heated, then discharging the combined blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion, coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the combined blank before extrusion, putting one end (head) welded with the cylindrical gasket into an extrusion die, clamping a glass lubricating pad between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket, wherein the extrusion speed is 10mm/s, and the integral extrusion ratio is 9.
Considering that the stainless steel cylindrical gasket at the head part is easy to fall off generally after extrusion is finished, the arc-shaped bulge at the head part is lightened, the combined blank is completely extruded, the stainless steel backing ring is coated by partial alloy metal at the tail part, and the adhered stainless steel backing ring is completely cut off. The bar produced by the method has good head and tail quality, good surface quality and small machining amount, and can realize 90% of material utilization rate of the cylindrical forging stock. The axial grain size of the effective area of the bar is 5-6 grades, the grain size grade difference is 1 grade, and the integral structure uniformity of the nickel-based alloy bar is good.
Example 4
The embodiment is used for preparing the nickel-based alloy fine-grained bar stock with the diameter of phi 400 mm.
The method comprises the following steps:
And 2, performing surface machining on the blank subjected to blank manufacturing, turning off black skin and surface defects, and obtaining the cylindrical forging blank with the integral smooth finish of Ra6.3.
And 4, spraying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded combined blank, putting the welded combined blank into a furnace for heating at the heating temperature of 1000 ℃, keeping the temperature of the combined blank for 3 hours after the combined blank is completely heated, then discharging the combined blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion, coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the combined blank before extrusion, putting one end (head) welded with the cylindrical gasket into an extrusion die, clamping a glass lubricating pad between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket, wherein the extrusion speed is 15mm/s, and the integral extrusion ratio is 2.25.
Considering that the stainless steel cylindrical gasket at the head part is easy to fall off generally after extrusion is finished, the arc-shaped bulge at the head part is lightened, the combined blank is completely extruded, the stainless steel backing ring is coated by partial alloy metal at the tail part, and the adhered stainless steel backing ring is completely cut off. The bar produced by the method has good head and tail quality, good surface quality and small machining amount, and can realize 90% of material utilization rate of the cylindrical forging stock. The axial grain size of the effective area of the bar is 4.5-5.5 grades, the grain size grade difference is 1 grade, and the integral structure uniformity of the nickel-based alloy bar is good.
Example 5
The embodiment is used for preparing the nickel-based alloy fine-grained bar stock with the diameter of phi 350 mm.
The method comprises the following steps:
And 2, performing surface machining on the blank subjected to blank manufacturing, turning off black skin and surface defects, and obtaining the cylindrical forging blank with the integral smooth finish of Ra6.3.
And 4, spraying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the welded combined blank, putting the welded combined blank into a furnace for heating after the coating is dried, keeping the temperature for 4 hours after the combined blank is thoroughly heated, then discharging the combined blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion, coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the combined blank before extrusion, putting one end (head) welded with a cylindrical gasket into an extrusion die, clamping a glass lubricating pad between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket, wherein the extrusion speed is 25mm/s, and the integral extrusion ratio is 4.
Considering that the stainless steel cylindrical gasket at the head part is easy to fall off generally after extrusion is finished, the arc-shaped bulge at the head part is lightened, the combined blank is completely extruded, the stainless steel backing ring is coated by partial alloy metal at the tail part, and the adhered stainless steel backing ring is completely cut off. The bar produced by the method has good head and tail quality, good surface quality and small machining amount, and can realize 91% of material utilization rate of the cylindrical forging stock. The axial grain size of the effective area of the bar is 5-6 grades, the grain size grade difference is 1 grade, and the integral structure uniformity of the nickel-based alloy bar is good.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a conventional method of extrusion manufacturing a nickel-based alloy bar stock, comprising the steps of:
And 2, performing surface machining on the blank subjected to blank manufacturing, turning off black skin and surface defects, rounding one end of the head of the blank, wherein the radius of the rounded corner is r100mm, and the integral smoothness of the blank is Ra6.3 to obtain a cylindrical forging blank.
And 3, spraying an anti-oxidation coating on the surface of the cylindrical forging stock, putting the coating into a furnace for heating after drying, keeping the temperature for 3 hours after the blank is completely heated, taking the blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion, coating a glass lubricant on the surface of the blank before extrusion, putting the head of the blank into an extrusion die, clamping a glass lubricating pad between the extrusion die and the head of the blank, wherein the extrusion speed is 20mm/s, and the integral extrusion ratio is 4.
The grain size of the head of the bar obtained by the comparative example is grade 3, the grain size of the middle is grade 5, the grain size of the tail is grade 2, and the integral structural uniformity is poor. The head and tail were all cut away, and the material utilization was 78%.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a method of extrusion manufacturing a bar of nickel-base alloy, which is similar to that of example 1, except that: in the step 3, the tail part of the cylindrical forging stock is welded with a cylindrical gasket instead of a circular gasket.
The grain size of the head of the bar obtained by the comparative example is grade 5, the grain size of the middle is grade 6, the grain size of the tail is grade 3.5, and the integral structural uniformity is poor. The head and tail were all cut away, and the material utilization was 82%.
The results of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 show that the method for improving the utilization rate of the material for manufacturing the nickel-based alloy bar stock by extrusion can enable the overall strain of the blank to be more uniform and reduce the grain size difference in the axial direction (for example, the grain size difference is below 1); the utilization rate of the expensive nickel-based alloy material can be greatly improved (for example, the utilization rate is more than 90 percent), and the production cost is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the utilization rate of the material for manufacturing the nickel-based alloy bar by extrusion is characterized in that a cylindrical gasket (1) is arranged at the head of a cylindrical forging stock (2) to be extruded, and a circular gasket (3) is arranged at the tail of the cylindrical forging stock (2) to be extruded.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
step 1, adopting a free forging upsetting or closed upsetting mode to perform cogging and blank making treatment on a nickel-based alloy cast ingot;
step 2, performing surface machining on the nickel-based alloy blank subjected to blank making, turning off black skin and surface defects, and obtaining a cylindrical forging blank;
step 3, welding the cylindrical gasket (1) to the head of the cylindrical forging stock (2), and arranging the annular gasket (3) to the tail of the cylindrical forging stock (2) to obtain a combined blank; the axes of the cylindrical gasket (1), the cylindrical forging stock (2) and the annular gasket (3) are aligned;
and 4, heating the combined blank at 930-1080 ℃, keeping the temperature of the combined blank for 1-4 hours after the combined blank is completely heated, and then discharging the combined blank out of the furnace for hot extrusion.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 3 the diameter of the cylindrical shim (1) is equal to the diameter of the cylindrical forging stock (2).
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 3, the height of the cylindrical spacer (1) is 40-100 mm.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3, the height of the annular gasket (3) is 100-300 mm.
6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 3, the inner diameter of the annular gasket (3) is 1/4-1/2 of the diameter of the cylindrical forging stock (2).
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the step 2 further comprises rounding one end of the cylindrical spacer, wherein the radius of the rounded corner is r 20-r 50 mm.
8. The method according to claims 1-7, characterized in that in step 3, the cylindrical gasket (1) and the circular gasket (3) are made of austenitic stainless steel.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the combined blank is subjected to a lubricant treatment before the hot extrusion, wherein the lubricant comprises a glass mat and glass powder coated on the surfaces of the cylindrical forged blank (2) and the cylindrical gasket (1), and the glass mat is arranged between the extrusion die and the cylindrical gasket (1).
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the extrusion ratio is 2 to 9 and the extrusion speed is 5 to 30mm/s in the hot extrusion.
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| JP2020015057A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | 日立金属株式会社 | Method of manufacturing extruded material |
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| CN101134213A (en) * | 2007-09-25 | 2008-03-05 | 浙江久立特材科技股份有限公司 | Hot extrusion steel tube blank trail pad |
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