CN114053812B - High-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification integrated device and method - Google Patents
High-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification integrated device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An integrated device and method for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas. Aiming at the problem of gas pollution of sulfur gas (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in high-temperature flue gas, the invention combines a dust removal technology and a desulfurization and denitrification catalysis technology to form high-efficiency dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification integrated filtering treatment equipment. The method is characterized in that a ceramic ball adsorption strengthening particle layer is wrapped by a glass phase-change material to form high-temperature dust-free gas on the basis of a filtering and dedusting technology of high-temperature flue gas ultrafine dust, so that the influence of the dust on the desulfurization and denitrification processes is eliminated; then, taking the porous alumina ceramic ball as a catalyst carrier, impregnating the porous alumina ceramic ball with a metal oxide as an active substance, and taking cerium oxide as a cocatalyst to realize desulfurization and denitrification of high-temperature flue gas; and thirdly, by the design of the system flow, the dynamic and continuous dust removal, the desulfurization and the denitrification, the online effect regulation and control, the dust removal and the catalytic function regeneration are realized.
Description
Technique of
The invention relates to a dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification device and method, in particular to a high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification integrated device and method
Background
China is the largest world manufacturing country, and the industries such as steel, nonferrous metal, petrochemical, building materials and the like have higher specific gravity. These industries emit large amounts of industrial fumes during the production process. These fumes contain not only a large amount of dust but also certain harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), which are major sources of air pollution. For industrial flue gas treatment, besides filtering and dedusting dust in flue gas, the flue gas is subjected to desulfurization and denitrification treatment, so that the environment-friendly emission meeting the standard is also important.
At present, the main technologies for domestic and overseas flue gas desulfurization can be classified into wet, dry and semi-dry methods according to process characteristics. Among the most efficient wet flue gas desulfurization techniques is to desulfurize and treat the desulfurization product in a wet state with a solution or slurry containing an absorbent. The method has the advantages of high reaction speed, simple equipment, high desulfurization efficiency and the like. However, in the actual use process, technical problems such as filter scaling, clogging and corrosion often occur, and if the existing problems are not effectively treated, the desulfurization effect is greatly reduced.
The most commonly used flue gas denitration processes are Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). Among them, the SCR technology is the most mature and widely applied. However, in the case of complex smoke constituents, certain pollutants can poison the catalyst, rendering it ineffective. The highly dispersed dust particles can coat the surface of the catalyst, reducing its activity. Some excess unreacted NH was present in the system 3 And SO in flue gas 2 The ammonia sulfate and the ammonium bisulfate which are easy to corrode and block the equipment are generated, and the utilization rate of the ammonia is reduced. These all cause corrosion and damage to the filter elements, thereby increasing the cost of the flue gas treatment equipment. For SNCR systems, they are very sensitive to contamination and blockage caused by normal operation or abnormal events. Due to the presence of a certain amount of untreated gasMany SNCRs have a limited useful life. Most catalysts on the market are porous structures, however, these pores are easily clogged by various compounds present in the fuel gas. The temperature is another big limit of SNCR, the flue gas temperature is too high in the treatment process, and if the temperature exceeds the temperature required by the catalyst, the catalyst can lose efficacy, so that the NOx reduction effect is greatly reduced. Therefore, the desulfurization and denitrification process in the industry often has the operation of cooling high-temperature flue gas, the cost of tail gas treatment equipment can be increased by the step, and the high-efficiency utilization rate of heat energy is also reduced. Moreover, the wet flue gas desulfurization technology has high desulfurization efficiency, but cannot simultaneously remove fine dust efficiently, and the flue gas denitration technology also faces the same problem. Therefore, multiple steps of dust removal, desulfurization and denitration are needed in industrial flue gas treatment, equipment investment and operation cost are directly increased, and production efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification integrated technology is an ideal target which is long sought by people.
In recent years, the integrated desulfurization and denitrification technology has been advanced to some extent at home and abroad, but is not put into industrial production in large quantity. Wherein, the electron beam irradiation method (EBA method) is a typical alkaline spray drying method widely popularized in China at present. The principle of the method is that ammonia gas is added before flue gas enters a reactor, and then an electron accelerator is used for generating electron beams to irradiate the flue gas in the reactor, SO that molecules such as water vapor, oxygen and the like are excited to generate high-energy free radicals, and the free radicals enable SO in the flue gas to be generated 2 And NOx are quickly oxidized to generate sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and then the sulfuric acid and the nitric acid react with ammonia gas to form ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer. The process has the characteristics of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification, desulfurization efficiency of more than 90 percent, denitrification rate of more than 80 percent, no generation of wastewater and waste residues, easy control of the process, reliable operation, no problems of blockage, corrosion, leakage and the like, strong adaptability to load change, and capability of directly discharging the treated flue gas without heating. The method has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, consideration of protection of X-rays, possible pollution transfer in engineering practice and difficult storage and transportation of liquid ammonia.
The combiNOX process is a novel wet process which adopts sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate and sodium thiosulfate as absorbents. Wherein the main function of the sodium carbonate is to provide sulfite ions for adsorbing nitrogen oxides; the calcium carbonate is used for absorbing sulfur dioxide, and the absorption products are calcium sulfate and sulfamic acid. The removal rate of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide in the process is 90-95% and 99%. The disadvantage of this process is that the product after removal is a mixture of sodium and calcium sulphate and sulphite, which makes removal difficult in the subsequent treatment stages, and the process is still in the laboratory research stage.
The SNOX technology is to utilize 2 catalysts to react SCR (selective catalytic reduction) with SO 2 The catalytic reactions are combined to achieve the technology of desulfurization and denitrification simultaneously. Key technologies include SCR (selective catalytic reduction), conversion of SO2 and WSA (wet flue gas sulfuric acid tower). The process realizes that the desulfurization rate exceeds 95 percent and the denitration rate is 84 percent averagely through industrial practice, and meanwhile, the byproduct H 2 SO 4 The mass fraction of (A) is up to 93%. The technology has low operation and maintenance cost and high reliability. The disadvantages are high energy consumption, high investment cost, easy abrasion of the catalyst and frequent replacement. Concentrated sulfuric acid is a dangerous product, is difficult to store and transport, and has good market prospect only when the more strict discharge standard is out and a sulfuric acid byproduct market is nearby.
In summary, the existing integrated technology for desulfurization and denitrification generally has the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, difficulty in transportation and storage, difficulty in regeneration, high catalyst consumption, easiness in damage, blockage, corrosion failure and the like.
For the current basic dust remover, the dust in the high-temperature flue gas can only be absorbed and filtered, but the desulfurization and denitrification can not be carried out at the same time. If the method of directly adding the desulfurization and denitrification agent is combined with the dust remover, SO in the high-temperature flue gas cannot be achieved X 、NO X And the harmful gases are efficiently contacted and adsorbed with the desulfurization and denitrification agent, so that the catalytic treatment effect of the waste gas can be greatly reduced. Because the high-temperature environment and the high-dispersion dust particles can limit the treatment effect of desulfurization and denitrification, the design of the high contact area of the buffered glass phase change layer and the porous ceramic ball can help to reduce the catalytic reduction aiming at the high-temperature problem of flue gasThe activity of the agent is lost.
The single desulfurization or denitration technology is industrially and mature applied at home and abroad, but the research on the desulfurization and denitration integrated technology is more important, if two sets of devices are used for desulfurization and denitration respectively, the occupied area is large, the investment and operation cost are high, and the desulfurization and denitration integrated technology is compact in structure, low in investment and operation cost and high in efficiency.
However, most of the devices capable of simultaneously carrying out desulfurization and denitrification treatment processes and realizing integration are still in experimental or semi-industrial stages, and some devices are still difficult to popularize due to high cost and complex flow. Such as sodium bicarbonate pipeline injection process, tests that sodium bicarbonate is injected into flue duct in a dry way and SO is removed at the same time 2 The capacity of NOx. The experiment was carried out on a 20MW coal-fired 3% sulphur-containing power plant of Rosignano, Italy, with 60% SO removal by dry spraying of sodium bicarbonate before the bag house 2 And 90% NOx. (reference: research and application of coal-fired flue gas desulfurization and denitrification integrated technology).
The chemical method of pulse corona plasma uses high-voltage pulse of nanosecond level to produce corona flash jet flow, accelerates the collision of electrons in flue gas and gas, and dissociates a great amount of OH, O and HO 2 Isofree reactive groups which promote SO 2 NOx to sulfuric acid, nitric acid mist, and NH 3 The ammonium sulfate and the ammonium nitrate are generated and collected. Under the better condition, the desulfurization efficiency is more than 97 percent, and NH is added 3 The denitration rate is more than 80%, and countries such as the United states, the Japan, the Italian and the like are in the industrial test stage, and the consumption of electric energy and chemical medicines is larger. (reference: dust removal, desulfurization and denitration techniques of coal-fired power plants).
At present, the single dedusting, denitration and desulfurization technology is basically mature, and from the actual situation, economic and high-performance flue gas treatment technology and equipment are developed and designed, so that the technology and the equipment are an important technology and a scheme for solving the problem of the emission of the atmospheric pollutants in China. The development of short period, high precision and high maturity of the integrated process of flue gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitration becomes the key of fast response to the environmental protection requirement.
In summary, the problems to be solved by the current desulfurization and denitrification technology can be found as follows: firstly, impurities such as dust particles and the like are covered on the catalyst and the desulfurization and denitrification agent, so that the catalyst and the desulfurization and denitrification agent are inactivated to a certain degree, and the reaction efficiency is reduced; secondly, sediment products and the like exist after the desulfurization and denitrification reaction to cause blockage and corrosion of a filter device, so that the flue gas treatment efficiency is reduced, the cost and investment are high due to the difficult replacement of a filter device, and the production influence is large; thirdly, the problems of treatment of generated byproducts and regeneration of the desulfurization and denitrification agent are complex and high cost is needed; fourthly, the use and storage of the desulfurization and denitrification reagent have high cost consumption, and the catalyst carrier is generally alumina pellets or activated carbon, wherein the catalyst carrier has the defect of easy abrasion consumption, and the ceramic material is used as a substrate and is more abrasion-resistant; fifthly, the flue gas treatment device used in the existing industrial production rarely can intelligently regulate and control the equipment and efficiency of the dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification processes according to the flue gas condition, so that the optimal utilization of resources cannot be realized; sixthly, a device integrating dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification is not provided at present, and three functions are separated to operate, so that the integral cooperation among all equipment units is lacked, and unnecessary loss and waste are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature dust-containing gas dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification integrated device and method.
In order to achieve the aim, the device comprises a high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device and a desulfurization and denitrification device;
the dust removal device for the high-temperature dust-containing gas comprises a dust removal filter cylinder, wherein one side of the dust removal filter cylinder is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, the other side of the dust removal filter cylinder is communicated with a post-dust-removal exhaust pipeline, the upper end and the lower end of the dust removal filter cylinder are respectively communicated with a glass composite ceramic ball storage box and a discharge pipeline, glass composite ceramic balls are arranged in the dust removal filter cylinder, and the lower end of the discharge pipeline of the dust removal filter cylinder is sequentially communicated with a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone, a cooler, a particle detection zone and a glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone;
the desulfurization and denitrification device comprises a desulfurization and denitrification air inlet pipeline and a desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel, wherein the desulfurization and denitrification air inlet pipeline is communicated with the dedusting exhaust pipeline on one side, the other side of the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel is communicated with the exhaust pipeline, the upper end and the lower end of the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel are respectively communicated with a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box and an exhaust pipeline, the inlet section of the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel is provided with a thermometer for monitoring the internal temperature of the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel, a porous ceramic ball catalyst is filled in the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel, a multi-nozzle air injection device communicated with an ammonia gas inlet pipeline is further installed at the upper end in the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel, and the lower end of the exhaust pipeline of the desulfurization and denitrification processor barrel is sequentially communicated with a porous ceramic ball catalyst detection area and a porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area.
The high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device is characterized in that a thermometer is arranged on an air inlet pipeline of the high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device, and an air inlet valve, an exhaust valve, a feeding valve and a discharging valve are respectively arranged on an inlet of the air inlet pipeline, an outlet of the exhaust pipeline after dust removal, a feeding pipeline of the glass composite ceramic ball storage box and an outlet of the discharging pipeline.
The SOx/NOx control device's SOx/NOx control admission line on install the draught fan, and install feed valve, discharge valve and ammonia admission valve respectively on the charge-in pipeline of porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box, on the export of discharge line and the ammonia admission line, exhaust duct installs exhaust valve, gas detection ware and draught fan in proper order from the incoming flow direction.
And the dust removal filter cylinder body and the desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder body are provided with dust remover sampling holes and desulfurization and denitrification sampling holes.
The glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone and the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration zone are respectively communicated with the gas inlet pipeline and the desulfurization and denitrification gas inlet pipeline through a gas dust removal heat exchanger and a desulfurization and denitrification heat exchanger.
The glass composite ceramic balls qualified in regeneration detection in the particle detection area and the glass composite ceramic ball regeneration area are communicated with the glass composite ceramic ball storage box through a pipeline, and the porous ceramic ball catalyst detection area and the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area are communicated with the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box through a pipeline.
The glass composite ceramic ball consists of 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres and glass powder or vaporizable silicide which is attached to the surfaces of the ceramic solid microspheres and has a phase transition temperature point confirmed according to the temperature of high-temperature flue gas to be treated.
The preparation method of the porous ceramic ball catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, taking porous alumina ceramic balls with the particle size of 2mm, nitrate and a promoter cerium nitrate, and adding the nitrate and the cerium nitrate into deionized water to prepare a catalyst solution, wherein the nitrate is one or two of nitrates corresponding to copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, sodium and lanthanum;
2) porous alumina ceramic balls are immersed in a catalyst solution, and the catalyst solution is calcined at 500 ℃ to evaporate water so that active components are left on pores and surfaces of the porous alumina ceramic balls to obtain a metal oxide catalyst-supported porous ceramic ball catalyst, which is a metal oxide catalyst-supported porous ceramic ball catalyst comprising, m (x): CeO (CeO) 2 ：Al 2 0 3 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-10: 3: 87-96, M is one or two metal oxides of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, sodium or lanthanum, and x is 1-10.
The invention relates to a method for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) a dust falling area: firstly, an air inlet valve is opened, high-temperature flue gas enters a dust removal filter cylinder body through an air inlet pipeline, the flue gas penetrates through glass composite ceramic balls filled in the dust removal filter cylinder body from one side to the other side, and when the high-temperature gas penetrates through a continuously-changed gap in the glass composite ceramic balls, the high-temperature gas exchanges heat with the glass composite ceramic balls and melts glass on the surfaces of the glass composite ceramic balls, so that the heat transfer process is completed; meanwhile, ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas is adsorbed and captured in the process of continuously colliding with the glass composite ceramic balls with the liquid glass phase attached to the surfaces, and is deposited in the liquid glass phase to finish the dust enrichment and gas purification processes, and the flue gas filtered by opening an exhaust valve enters a desulfurization and denitrification gas inlet pipeline from a post-dedusting exhaust pipeline under the action of a draught fan;
2) a desulfurization and denitrification area: the flue gas after dust removal enters a cylinder of a desulfurization and denitrification processor filled with a porous ceramic ball catalyst through a desulfurization and denitrification inlet pipeline, ammonia required by the reaction is introduced through the ammonia inlet pipeline by opening an ammonia inlet valve, and the removal of NOx and SOx in the flue gas after dust removal is realized under the action of a multi-nozzle air injection device and the porous ceramic ball catalyst; the flue gas temperature in the cylinder body of the desulfurization and denitrification processor is determined through a real-time monitoring thermometer, the porous ceramic ball catalyst with corresponding catalytic temperature is adjusted at any time, the flue gas flows from left to right after desulfurization and denitrification, the fluid speed is controlled under the action of an induced draft fan under the control of an exhaust valve, and the flue gas is discharged through an exhaust pipeline.
The dust removal area is as follows: sampling through a sampling hole to judge the viscosity of the glass composite ceramic balls in the dust removal filter cylinder, controlling the glass composite ceramic balls to enter a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone through a discharge valve through a discharge pipeline when the glass composite ceramic balls need to be updated, dividing and connecting the ceramic balls of the liquid glass on the surface at the moment, and treating the ceramic balls below the phase transition temperature through a cooler to form single glass ceramic balls; then entering a particle detection area, observing the scale change condition of the ceramic balls, putting qualified glass composite ceramic balls into a glass composite ceramic ball storage box again for recycling, putting unqualified glass composite ceramic balls into a composite glass ceramic ball regeneration area through a discharge pipeline, adjusting the reaction temperature of the glass composite ceramic ball regeneration area by utilizing the excess heat energy of high-temperature flue gas passing through an air inlet pipeline under the action of a heat exchanger, operating high-temperature centrifugal separation to separate out glass phases and pure ceramic balls, and putting new glass composite ceramic balls generated in the composite glass ceramic ball regeneration area into the glass composite ceramic ball storage box again for recycling;
a desulfurization and denitrification area: sampling through a sampling hole, judging the catalytic activity of the porous ceramic ball catalyst, feeding the porous ceramic ball catalyst to be updated into a catalyst detection area through an unloading valve through an unloading pipeline, feeding the qualified porous ceramic ball catalyst into a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box through a catalyst activity test, feeding the unqualified porous ceramic ball catalyst into a porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area through the unloading pipeline,the temperature is adjusted by a heat exchanger, and the porous ceramic ball catalyst component is reduced and separated by natural gas to generate liquid SO 2 Or the simple substance S is enriched, and the active ingredients in the catalyst are oxidized and regenerated to obtain a new porous ceramic ball catalyst with catalytic activity, which is recycled and then put into the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box again;
the method comprises the steps that purified gas discharged from a dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification area passes through an exhaust pipeline, the content of dust, sulfide, nitride and ammonia gas of the purified gas is tested on line by a gas detector, the dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification process is carried out according to an actual measurement result, namely, a ceramic microsphere surface glass phase transition temperature point in dedusting, active catalysts with different temperatures in desulfurization and denitrification and the gas flowing speed adjusted by an induced draft fan are added, the total gas amount and the nozzle power in a multi-nozzle gas injection device are adjusted according to the actual measurement result of the ammonia gas in tail gas, and namely, the main pipe or the air pressure of a nozzle is adjusted.
Aiming at the problem of gas pollution of sulfur gas (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in high-temperature flue gas, the invention combines a dust removal technology and a desulfurization and denitrification catalysis technology to form high-efficiency dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification integrated filtering treatment equipment. The method is characterized in that a ceramic ball adsorption strengthening particle layer is wrapped by a glass phase-change material to form high-temperature dust-free gas on the basis of a filtering and dedusting technology of high-temperature flue gas ultrafine dust, so that the influence of the dust on the desulfurization and denitrification processes is eliminated; then, a porous alumina ceramic ball catalyst is used, a carrier of the porous alumina ceramic ball is impregnated with a metal oxide as an active substance, and cerium oxide is used as a cocatalyst, so that the desulfurization and denitrification of high-temperature flue gas are realized; and thirdly, by the design of the system flow, the dynamic and continuous dust removal, the desulfurization and the denitrification, the online effect regulation and control, the dust removal and the catalytic function regeneration are realized.
Furthermore, the porous alumina ceramic ball catalyst is prepared by using the porous alumina ceramic ball as a carrier, the metal oxide as an active component and the cerium oxide as a cocatalyst through an impregnation method, so that the simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification operation can be realized, and the dust removal device and the desulfurization and denitrification are integrally designed. Not only fully utilizes the high temperature resistance and wear resistance characteristics of ceramics, but also can be reduced in the desulfurization and denitrification processesThe loss of the catalytic carriers is small, and the transportation and the storage are facilitated; the dynamic and continuous flowing characteristics of the porous ceramic ball catalyst are fully utilized, and the adsorbed and converted attached precipitates are easy to clean and replace on line, so that the blockage is eliminated, the service life is prolonged, and the cost is reduced; the high specific surface area of the porous ceramic ball increases the gas-solid contact range between sulfide and nitride in flue gas and catalytic active ingredients, and meanwhile, the bent and curved void structure in the ball material prolongs the catalytic path, increases the gas-solid contact time and probability, and further improves the waste gas treatment efficiency; catalyst for desulfurization and denitrification absorbs and catalyzes NOx and SO 2 Then, regenerating by using reducing gas at a proper temperature to form hydrogen sulfide, then recovering sulfur by reaction, and realizing the recovery of products and the cyclic renewal of the porous ceramic balls by reoxidation; the ceramic ball filter layer wrapped by the glass phase change material in the early dust removal process improves the temperature of flue gas dust removal, is beneficial to preheating recovery, obviously enhances the recovery of ultrafine dust in gas by virtue of the advantage of wet dust removal generated by phase change, and indirectly realizes corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant protection of the whole filter. High temperature in the flue gas improves the activity of the catalyst and the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification. And proper energy is provided for catalyst regeneration, and the energy consumption of a catalyst regeneration system is reduced. Therefore, the organic combination of three indexes of high-temperature strength wear-resistant materials, a continuous stable operation structure and desulfurization and denitrification high efficiency is realized.
Wherein the porous alumina ceramic ball catalyst synthesis technology sprays NH into the reaction chamber 3 The gas is catalyzed, the simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification operation can be realized, the production and treatment cost of single desulfurization and denitrification is reduced, the industrial production efficiency is also improved, the conversion of the pollution gases such as SOx and NOx contained in the flue gas after the flue gas is dedusted is efficiently realized, the regeneration circulation of the porous ceramic ball absorbent can be performed through simple regeneration operation, the treatment operation of the absorbed products can be facilitated, and the products such as useful substances sulfur and the like can be obtained. The aim is to additionally realize perfect combination of high desulfurization and denitrification of high-temperature flue gas on the basis of keeping the high dust removal rate of the original phase-change material coated ceramic ball filter.
And for a separate dust-removing device, glassThe composite ceramic balls are used as a dust removal medium to form a particle ball dust remover, particles with large particle sizes are filtered by gravity settling, and particles with small particle sizes are blocked and filtered by gaps of the ceramic balls. As the ceramic ball, diatomite, A1 is generally used 2 O 3 The ceramic ball is fired, so that the ceramic ball can withstand the high temperature of nearly 1000 ℃, the hardness of the ceramic ball is high, the ceramic ball is convenient to transport and can be repeatedly used, dust settled among the ceramic balls can be removed through air reverse blowing, the ventilation of a ball layer is recovered, the equipment can run for a long time, and the equipment cost and the running cost are effectively reduced. As a novel dust removal device, the high-temperature ceramic ball dust remover can be used in a low-temperature and high-dust-concentration flue gas environment, and can also be suitable for environments in which other dust removal devices cannot be used, such as high-temperature and corrosion-resistant environments.
On the basis of realizing high-efficiency dust removal, the invention combines the advantages of large contact area, strong adsorbability, high reaction efficiency, online updating and the like of the porous ceramic ball catalyst, and the porous alumina ceramic ball is designed as the catalyst carrier, thereby greatly increasing the capability of maximally realizing the desulfurization and denitrification agent, NOx and SO 2 And the contact path of harmful gases is equal, so that the win-win effect of desulfurization and denitrification with high efficiency is realized while the dust is efficiently removed.
The technology has the following advantages: (1) the ceramic balls have high hardness, are convenient to transport, store and reuse, and have high temperature resistance, wear resistance, good operation stability and high reliability; (2) the problem of corrosion and blockage of products caused by desulfurization and denitrification reaction can be solved by means of dynamic movement and online detection, regeneration and replacement. Meanwhile, the qualified porous ceramic ball catalyst is recycled, and the operation cost is low. (3) In the dust removal process, the glass phase change material on the surface of the ceramic microspheres can also serve as a protective layer to buffer thermal shock and abrasion of dust in high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the ceramic microspheres and the whole equipment, so that the dust removal efficiency of ultrafine dust and the service life of the whole equipment are improved. (4) The ceramic ball composite material wrapped by the phase-change glass has good high-temperature performance, improves the temperature of treated flue gas, and is beneficial to recycling and utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas; in addition, the heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas is used for the desulfurization, denitrification and regeneration processes, so that the desulfurization, denitrification and high efficiency are improved, and the energy consumption is reduced; (5) with porous ceramic ball structure asThe novel catalyst carrier can effectively increase the desulfurization and denitrification agent and SO 2 And the contact area of harmful gases such as NOx improves the operating efficiency of dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification. (6) Useful byproducts such as sulfur and the like can be obtained by carrying out reduction regeneration and subsequent treatment on the used catalyst, the catalyst is recycled, and regeneration and resource recovery are realized; (7) the integration of dust removal, desulfurization and denitration technologies is realized, unnecessary steps and equipment are reduced, the equipment investment is low, the flow is short, the operation is simple, and the cost is low; (8) the method and the device can detect and analyze the conditions such as flue gas temperature, content and the like, and intelligently regulate and control the equipment and efficiency of the dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification processes by regulating different phase-change temperature points of the ceramic microsphere surface glass material in the dedusting system and the feeding of catalysts with different activity temperatures in the desulfurization and denitrification system; and the total gas injection amount and pressure of the ammonia gas nozzle can be adjusted on the basis of setting the nozzle density grade according to the flow characteristic of the flue gas in the reaction bin by detecting and feeding back the content of the ammonia gas in the tail gas, so that the optimal utilization of the ammonia gas is realized, the leakage is reduced, and the highest efficiency utilization of industrial resources and the online upgrade of the flue gas treatment capacity of equipment are achieved.
Generally speaking, the phase-change material is used for wrapping the ceramic microspheres and the novel porous ceramic ball catalyst technology, so that the integrated treatment effect of dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification is high-efficient and convenient, and the problems of high temperature heat energy, abrasion impact, generation of corrosive substances, precipitates and the like in the process, which are not easy to replace and bring about, of the high service life of the filter equipment are solved. And the adsorption and capture of ultrafine dust are strengthened by utilizing the high-temperature phase change characteristics of the glass and the controllable characteristics of phase change temperature points, and the overall dust collection rate and the desulfurization and denitrification rate are improved. And the patent production technology is suitable for actual industry, and has the advantages of simple steps and low cost. The reaction is efficient, a series of production problems such as recycling can be realized, and the national flue gas treatment production requirements of short period, high precision and high maturity are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure, the left part is a dust removal area, the right part is a desulfurization and denitrification area, and high-temperature flue gas flows from left to right to remove dust and simultaneously perform desulfurization and denitrification operation. Wherein, 1, a temperature meter; 2. an air intake duct; 3. an intake valve; 4. a feed valve; 5. a glass composite ceramic ball storage box; 6. a feed conduit; 7. a dust removal filter cartridge; 8. a discharge duct; 9. a dust-removed exhaust pipeline; 10. a discharge valve; 11. a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone; 12. a cooler; 13. a particle detection zone; 14. a discharge duct; 15. a glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone; 16. an exhaust valve; 17. an induced draft fan; 18. a desulfurization and denitrification air inlet pipeline; 19. a thermometer; 20. a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage cartridge; 21. a feed valve; 22. a feed conduit; 23. a desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder; 24. an exhaust valve; 25. an induced draft fan; 26. an exhaust duct; 27. a desulfurization and denitrification sampling hole; 28. a discharge valve; 29. a porous ceramic ball catalyst detection zone; 30. a discharge duct. 31. A porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration zone; 32. a desulfurization and denitrification heat exchanger; 33. a discharge duct; 34. a dust remover sampling hole; 35. a gas detector; 36. an ammonia gas inlet valve; 37 ammonia gas inlet pipe; 38. a gas dust removal heat exchanger; 39. a multi-nozzle air injection device.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Referring to fig. 1, the device of the present invention comprises a high temperature dust-containing gas dust removing device and a desulfurization and denitrification device;
the high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device comprises a dust removal filter cylinder 7, wherein one side of the dust removal filter cylinder 7 is communicated with an air inlet pipeline 2, and the other side of the dust removal filter cylinder 7 is communicated with a post-dust-removal exhaust pipeline 9, the upper end and the lower end of the dust removal filter cylinder 7 are respectively communicated with a glass composite ceramic ball storage box 5 and a discharge pipeline 8, glass composite ceramic balls are arranged in the dust removal filter cylinder 7, and the lower end of the discharge pipeline 8 of the dust removal filter cylinder 7 is sequentially communicated with a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone 11, a cooler 12, a particle detection zone 13, a discharge pipeline 14 and a glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone 15;
wherein, a thermometer 1 is arranged on an air inlet pipeline 2 of the high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device, and an air inlet valve 3, an exhaust valve 16, a feeding valve 4 and a discharging valve 10 are respectively arranged on an inlet of the air inlet pipeline 2, an outlet of a dust-removed exhaust pipeline 9, a feeding pipeline 6 of the glass composite ceramic ball storage box 5 and an outlet of a discharging pipeline 8;
the glass composite ceramic ball consists of 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres and glass powder or vaporizable silicide which is attached to the surfaces of the ceramic solid microspheres and has a phase transition temperature point confirmed according to the temperature of high-temperature flue gas to be treated;
the desulfurization and denitrification device comprises a desulfurization and denitrification inlet pipeline 18 with one side communicated with the dedusting exhaust pipeline 9 and a desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder 23 with the other side provided with an exhaust pipeline 26, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder 23 are respectively communicated with a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box 20 and a discharge pipeline 33, the inlet section of the cylinder body 23 of the desulfurization and denitrification processor is provided with a thermometer 19 for monitoring the temperature in the cylinder body, a porous ceramic ball catalyst is filled in the cylinder body 23 of the desulfurization and denitrification processor, a multi-nozzle air injection device 39 communicated with an ammonia gas inlet pipeline 37 is also arranged at the upper end in the cylinder body 23 of the desulfurization and denitrification processor, the lower end of the discharge pipeline 33 of the cylinder body 23 of the desulfurization and denitrification processor is sequentially communicated with a porous ceramic ball catalyst detection area 29, a discharge pipeline 30 and a porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area 31.
Wherein, install draught fan 17 on SOx/NOx control inlet line 18 of SOx/NOx control device, and install inlet valve 21, discharge valve 28 and ammonia inlet valve 36 respectively on the inlet line 22 of porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box 20, the export of discharge line 33 and ammonia inlet line 37, exhaust duct 26 is from the water flow direction and is installed exhaust valve 24, gas detector 35 and draught fan 25 in proper order.
The dust removal filter cylinder body 7 and the desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder body 23 are both provided with dust remover sampling holes 34 and desulfurization and denitrification sampling holes 27.
The glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone 15 and the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration zone 31 are respectively communicated with the gas inlet pipe 2 and the desulfurization and denitrification gas inlet pipe 18 through a gas dust removal heat exchanger 38 and a desulfurization and denitrification heat exchanger 32.
The qualified glass composite ceramic balls detected by the particle detection area 13 and the glass composite ceramic ball regeneration area 15 and qualified in regeneration are communicated with the glass composite ceramic ball storage box 5 through a pipeline, and the qualified porous ceramic ball catalysts detected by the porous ceramic ball catalyst detection area 29 and the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area 31 and qualified in regeneration are communicated with the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box 20 through a pipeline.
The preparation method of the porous ceramic ball catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, taking porous alumina ceramic balls with the particle size of 2mm, nitrate and a promoter cerium nitrate, and adding the nitrate and the cerium nitrate into deionized water to prepare a catalyst solution, wherein the nitrate is one or two of nitrates corresponding to copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, sodium and lanthanum;
2) porous alumina ceramic balls are immersed in a catalyst solution, and the catalyst solution is calcined at 500 ℃ to evaporate water so that active components are left on pores and surfaces of the porous alumina ceramic balls to obtain a metal oxide catalyst-supported porous ceramic ball catalyst, which is a metal oxide catalyst-supported porous ceramic ball catalyst comprising, m (x): CeO (CeO) 2 ：Al 2 0 3 The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-10: 3: 87-96, M is one or two metal oxides of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, sodium or lanthanum, and x is 1-10. Different metal components and contents of supported catalysts have different catalytic efficiencies in different temperature ranges.
The cerium nitrate is doped in the preparation process, so that the finally formed cerium dioxide is used as a catalyst promoter, the dispersion performance in the catalyst can be realized, the thermal stability and the anti-sintering capability of the catalyst are improved, the oxygen storage capability of the catalyst can be improved, the oxygen storage amount of the catalyst is increased, the activity is improved and the like.
The dust removing, desulfurizing and denitrating process for high temperature dust containing gas includes the following steps:
1) a dust falling area: firstly, an air inlet valve 3 is opened, high-temperature flue gas enters a dust removal filter cylinder 7 through an air inlet pipeline 2, the flue gas passes through glass composite ceramic balls filled in the dust removal filter cylinder 7 from one side to the other side, and when the high-temperature gas passes through a continuously-changed gap in the glass composite ceramic balls, the high-temperature gas exchanges heat with the glass composite ceramic balls and melts glass on the surfaces of the glass composite ceramic balls to finish a heat transfer process; meanwhile, ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas is adsorbed and captured in the process of continuously colliding with the glass composite ceramic balls with the liquid glass phase attached to the surfaces, and is deposited in the liquid glass phase to finish the dust enrichment and gas purification processes, and the flue gas filtered by opening the exhaust valve 16 enters the desulfurization and denitrification gas inlet pipeline 18 from the post-dust-removal exhaust pipeline 9 under the action of the induced draft fan 17;
2) a desulfurization and denitrification area: the dedusted flue gas enters a desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder 23 filled with the porous ceramic ball catalyst through a desulfurization and denitrification inlet pipeline 18, ammonia gas required by the reaction is introduced through an ammonia gas inlet pipeline 37 by opening an ammonia gas inlet valve 36, and the NOx and SOx in the dedusted flue gas are removed under the action of a multi-nozzle gas injection device 39 and the porous ceramic ball catalyst; the temperature of the flue gas in the cylinder 23 of the desulfurization and denitrification processor is determined by monitoring the thermometer 19 in real time, the porous ceramic ball catalyst with corresponding catalytic temperature is adjusted at any time, the flue gas flows from left to right after desulfurization and denitrification, the fluid speed is controlled under the action of the induced draft fan 25 under the control of the exhaust valve 24, and the flue gas is discharged through the exhaust pipeline 26.
Wherein the dust removal area: sampling through a sampling hole 34 to judge the viscosity of the glass composite ceramic balls in the dust removal filter cylinder 7, controlling the glass composite ceramic balls to enter a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone 11 through a discharge pipeline 8 by a discharge valve 10 when the glass composite ceramic balls need to be updated, connecting the ceramic balls with the liquid glass on the surface in a split manner at the low-temperature zone, and processing the ceramic balls with the liquid glass on the surface below the phase transition temperature by a cooler 12 to form single glass ceramic balls; then, the glass ceramic ball enters a particle detection area 13, the scale change condition of the ceramic ball is observed, the qualified glass ceramic ball is thrown into a glass ceramic ball storage box 5 again for recycling, the unqualified glass ceramic ball enters a composite glass ceramic ball regeneration area 15 through a discharge pipeline 14, the reaction temperature of the glass ceramic ball regeneration area 15 is adjusted by utilizing the surplus heat energy of the high-temperature flue gas passing through an air inlet pipeline 2 under the action of a heat exchanger 38, a glass phase and a pure ceramic ball can be separated through high-temperature centrifugal separation, and the new glass ceramic ball generated in the composite glass ceramic ball regeneration area 15 is recycled and thrown into the glass ceramic ball storage box 5 again;
a desulfurization and denitrification area: sampling through the sampling hole 27, judging the catalytic activity of the porous ceramic ball catalyst, allowing the porous ceramic ball catalyst to be updated to enter the catalyst detection area 29 through the discharge valve 28 through the discharge pipeline 33, putting the porous ceramic ball catalyst qualified in the catalyst activity test into the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box 20 again, allowing the unqualified porous ceramic ball catalyst to enter the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area 31 through the discharge pipeline 30, adjusting the temperature through the heat exchanger 32, reducing and separating the components of the porous ceramic ball catalyst through natural gas to generate liquid SO 2 Or the simple substance S is enriched, and the active ingredients in the catalyst are oxidized and regenerated to obtain a new porous ceramic ball catalyst with catalytic activity, which is recycled and then put into the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box 20 again;
the content of dust, sulfide, nitride and ammonia gas in purified gas discharged from the dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification area is tested on line by a gas detector 35 through an exhaust pipeline 26, and the dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification process, namely the ceramic microsphere surface glass phase transition temperature point in dedusting, the active catalysts with different temperatures in desulfurization and denitrification and the gas flow speed adjusted by an induced draft fan are tested according to the actual measurement result, so that the dedusting, desulfurization and denitrification effects are ensured to be kept with the always-optimal efficiency and the most energy-saving scheme; and adjusting the total gas amount and the nozzle power in the multi-nozzle gas injection device 39 according to the actual measurement result of the ammonia gas in the tail gas, namely adjusting the gas flow or the gas pressure of the nozzle header pipe. The desulfurization and denitrification operation is ensured to be carried out under the most appropriate ammonia reaction proportion, and the leakage problem of redundant ammonia is prevented.
The invention has the main advantages that:
1. by combining with the high-efficiency dust removal operation, the problems of catalyst efficiency reduction and the like caused by covering of dust impurities on the desulfurization and denitrification catalyst are reduced;
2. for ceramic balls wrapping glass in dust removal and porous ceramic ball catalysts in desulfurization and denitrification, the ceramic balls have the advantages of high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and are easy to replace and continuous in online dynamic. The cyclic regeneration of two ceramic ball devices can be realized through subsequent simple treatment, the continuity of the dust removal, desulfurization and denitration process is ensured, and the industrial cost is reduced.
3. The porous ceramic ball structure is used as a catalyst carrier, so that the contact area of a desulfurization and denitrification agent and gas can be effectively increased, the high adsorptivity of a dust removal wet environment is combined, and the overall efficiency of dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification is improved.
4. The dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification integrated system has less temperature drop to the flue gas and high heat energy recovery and utilization value rate. Meanwhile, the dedusting ceramic balls and the catalytic ceramic balls are regenerated, the waste heat of the flue gas can be utilized, and the energy consumption of the system is low.
5. The glass phase change material is used as a protective layer to buffer thermal shock and abrasion of high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the dedusting ceramic balls and the whole equipment, so that the service life of the whole equipment is prolonged.
6. The integration of high-temperature flue gas dust removal, desulfurization and denitration technologies is realized. The device has high integration level, strong adaptability and wide application, and can meet industrial environments of different flue gas amount, temperature, dust content, harmful gas content and the like; and the real-time allocation capability is strong, the fault-tolerant rate is high, and the environment of variation of the smoke volume, the temperature and the content of harmful gas in the same device can be met.
7. The source of the ceramic and the glass is wide, the preparation difficulty of the spheroidization and the coating is lower than that of the porous ceramic/alloy membrane, the formability is good, the stability is high, the wear resistance is easy to store, the regeneration process is simple, the porous ceramic/alloy membrane can be replaced in real time, the difficulty and the major cost investment of one-time replacement of the porous ceramic/alloy membrane are eliminated, and the influence on the continuous operation of a large-scale industrial device is eliminated.
8. The glass phase catalyst related to the system can be regenerated and the like, and the recovered valuable dust and the replaced useful components can be recovered by enrichment, so that the high-efficiency utilization of resources is realized.
9. The method is suitable for practical industry, and has the advantages of simple steps and low cost. The reaction is efficient, a series of production problems such as recycling can be realized, harmful byproducts, wastewater and the like are not generated in the denitration sulfur nitrate process, and the national flue gas treatment production requirements of short period, high precision and high maturity are met.
According to the invention, according to detection and analysis of conditions such as flue gas temperature, content and the like, the equipment and efficiency of dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification processes are regulated and controlled by regulating the different phase transition temperatures of the ceramic microsphere surface glass material in the dust removal system and the catalyst feeding with different activity temperatures in the desulfurization and denitrification system, and the gas flow or gas pressure of the main spray head pipe can be regulated by detecting and feeding back the content of ammonia in tail gas, so that the desulfurization and denitrification operation is ensured to be carried out under the most appropriate ammonia reaction proportion, and the leakage problem of redundant ammonia is prevented. The optimal utilization of ammonia gas is realized, the leakage is reduced, the highest efficient utilization of industrial resources is achieved, and the online upgrade of the smoke treatment capacity of the equipment is realized.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature dusty gas dust removal and SOx/NOx control integrated device which characterized in that: comprises a high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device and a desulfurization and denitrification device;
the high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device comprises a dust removal filter cylinder (7) with one side communicated with an air inlet pipeline (2) and the other side communicated with a post-dust-removal exhaust pipeline (9), wherein the upper end and the lower end of the dust removal filter cylinder (7) are respectively communicated with a glass composite ceramic ball storage box (5) and a first discharge pipeline (8), glass composite ceramic balls are arranged in the dust removal filter cylinder (7), and the lower end of the first discharge pipeline (8) of the dust removal filter cylinder (7) is sequentially communicated with a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone (11), a cooler (12), a particle detection zone (13) and a glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone (15);
the glass composite ceramic ball consists of 10-100 mu m ceramic solid microspheres and glass powder or vaporizable silicide which is attached to the surfaces of the ceramic solid microspheres and has a phase transition temperature point confirmed according to the temperature of high-temperature flue gas to be treated;
the desulfurization and denitrification device comprises a desulfurization and denitrification inlet pipeline (18) which is arranged on one side and communicated with a dedusting exhaust pipeline (9), and a desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder body (23) which is arranged on the other side and provided with an exhaust pipeline (26), wherein the upper end and the lower end of the desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder body (23) are respectively communicated with a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box (20) and a discharge pipeline II (33), the inlet section of the cylinder body (23) of the desulfurization and denitrification processor is provided with a thermometer for monitoring the temperature in the cylinder body, a porous ceramic ball catalyst is filled in the cylinder body (23) of the desulfurization and denitrification processor, a multi-nozzle air injection device (39) communicated with an ammonia gas inlet pipeline (37) is also arranged at the upper end in the cylinder body (23) of the desulfurization and denitrification processor, the lower end of a second discharge pipeline (33) of the desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder body (23) is sequentially communicated with a porous ceramic ball catalyst detection area (29) and a porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area (31).
2. The integrated device for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the high-temperature dust-containing gas dust removal device is characterized in that a thermometer is installed on an air inlet pipeline (2), and an air inlet valve (3), an exhaust valve, a feeding valve and a discharging valve are respectively installed on an inlet of the air inlet pipeline (2), an outlet of a dust-removed exhaust pipeline (9), a feeding pipeline (6) of a glass composite ceramic ball storage box (5) and an outlet of a discharging pipeline (8).
3. The integrated device for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the desulfurization and denitrification device is characterized in that an induced draft fan is installed on a desulfurization and denitrification air inlet pipeline (18), a feeding valve, a discharging valve and an ammonia air inlet valve (36) are respectively installed on a feeding pipeline (22) of a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box (20), an outlet of a discharging pipeline II (33) and an ammonia air inlet pipeline (37), and an exhaust valve, a gas detector (35) and the induced draft fan are sequentially installed in the tap flow direction of an exhaust pipeline (26).
4. The integrated device for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and the dust removal filter cylinder body (7) and the desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder body (23) are respectively provided with a dust remover sampling hole (34) and a desulfurization and denitrification sampling hole (27).
5. The integrated device for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the glass composite ceramic ball regeneration zone (15) and the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration zone (31) are respectively communicated with the gas inlet pipeline (2) and the desulfurization and denitrification gas inlet pipeline (18) through a gas dust removal heat exchanger (38) and a desulfurization and denitrification heat exchanger (32).
6. The integrated device for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the particle detection area (13) and the glass composite ceramic ball regeneration area (15) are communicated with the glass composite ceramic ball storage box (5) through pipelines, and the porous ceramic ball catalyst detection area (29) and the porous ceramic ball catalyst regeneration area (31) are communicated with the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box (20) through pipelines.
7. A high-temperature dust-containing gas dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating method based on the device of claim 1 is characterized in that:
1) a dust removing area: firstly, an air inlet valve (3) is opened, high-temperature flue gas enters a dust removal filter cylinder (7) through an air inlet pipeline (2), the flue gas passes through glass composite ceramic balls filled in the dust removal filter cylinder (7) from one side to the other side, and when the high-temperature gas passes through a continuously-changed gap in the glass composite ceramic balls, the high-temperature gas exchanges heat with the glass composite ceramic balls and melts glass on the surfaces of the glass composite ceramic balls to finish a heat transfer process; meanwhile, ultrafine dust in the high-temperature gas is adsorbed and captured in the continuous collision process of the glass composite ceramic balls with the liquid glass phase attached to the surface, and is deposited in the liquid glass phase to finish the dust enrichment and gas purification processes, and the flue gas filtered by opening an exhaust valve enters a desulfurization and denitrification gas inlet pipeline (18) from a post-dedusting exhaust pipeline (9) under the action of a draught fan;
2) a desulfurization and denitrification area: the flue gas after dust removal enters a desulfurization and denitrification processor cylinder (23) filled with the porous ceramic ball catalyst through a desulfurization and denitrification inlet pipeline (18), ammonia gas required by reaction is introduced through an ammonia gas inlet pipeline (37) by opening an ammonia gas inlet valve (36), and the removal of NOx and SOx in the flue gas after dust removal is realized under the action of a multi-nozzle gas injection device (39) and the porous ceramic ball catalyst; the temperature of flue gas in the cylinder (23) of the desulfurization and denitrification processor is determined by a real-time monitoring thermometer, the porous ceramic ball catalyst with corresponding catalytic temperature is adjusted at any time, the flue gas flows from left to right after desulfurization and denitrification, the fluid speed is controlled under the action of an induced draft fan under the control of an exhaust valve, and the flue gas is discharged through an exhaust pipeline (26).
8. The method for dedusting, desulfurizing and denitrating high-temperature dusty gas according to claim 7 comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that: the dust removal area is as follows: sampling through a sampling hole (34) of a dust remover to judge the viscosity of the glass composite ceramic balls in the barrel body (7) of the dust removal filter, controlling the glass composite ceramic balls to enter a liquid glass ceramic ball separation zone (11) through a discharge valve through a discharge pipeline I (8) when the glass composite ceramic balls need to be updated, separating and bonding the ceramic balls which are attached with liquid glass on the surfaces and are in contact with each other at the low temperature zone, and treating the ceramic balls below the phase transition temperature through a cooler (12) to form single glass ceramic balls; then the glass ceramic ball enters a particle detection area (13), the scale change condition of the ceramic ball is observed, the qualified glass ceramic ball is thrown into a glass ceramic ball storage box (5) again for recycling, the unqualified glass ceramic ball enters a glass ceramic ball regeneration area (15) through a discharge pipeline III (14), the temperature of the glass ceramic ball regeneration area (15) is adjusted by utilizing the surplus heat energy of high-temperature flue gas passing through a gas inlet pipeline (2) under the action of a gas dust removal heat exchanger (38), a liquid glass phase is separated from the ceramic ball through high-temperature centrifugal separation, the separated ceramic ball is recoated in the glass ceramic ball regeneration area (15) to form a new glass ceramic ball, and the new glass ceramic ball is thrown into the glass ceramic ball storage box (5) for recycling;
a desulfurization and denitrification area: sampling is carried out through a desulfurization and denitrification sampling hole (27), the catalytic activity of the porous ceramic ball catalyst is judged, the porous ceramic ball catalyst to be updated enters a catalyst detection area (29) through a discharge valve through a discharge pipeline II (33), the porous ceramic ball catalyst qualified through the catalyst activity test is thrown into a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box (20) again, and the unqualified porous ceramic ball catalyst enters a porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box (30) through a discharge pipeline IV (30)The catalyst is put into a regeneration zone (31) of the porous ceramic ball catalyst, the temperature is adjusted by a desulfurization and denitrification heat exchanger (32), and the components of the porous ceramic ball catalyst are reduced and separated by natural gas to generate liquid SO 2 Or the simple substance S is enriched, and the active ingredients in the catalyst are oxidized and regenerated to obtain a new porous ceramic ball catalyst with catalytic activity, which is recycled and then put into the porous ceramic ball catalyst storage box (20);
the purified gas discharged from the dust removal area and the desulfurization and denitrification area passes through an exhaust pipeline (26), the content of dust, sulfide, nitride and ammonia gas is tested on line by a gas detector (35), the dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification process is carried out according to the actual measurement result, namely, the phase change temperature point of the ceramic microsphere surface glass during dust removal, the active catalysts with different temperatures during desulfurization and denitrification and the gas flow speed adjusted by an induced draft fan are put in, the total gas amount and the nozzle power in the multi-nozzle gas injection device (39) are adjusted according to the actual measurement result of the ammonia gas in tail gas, and the gas flow or the gas pressure of a nozzle main pipe is adjusted.
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