CN114052047A - 一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法。该试剂由纳米铜、纳米铁、纳米二氧化硅、植物提取液、丙三醇和水等构成。其制备方法是先制备植物提取液，然后将纳米铜、纳米铁和纳米二氧化硅依次加入到含有植物提取液、丙三醇和水等的混合溶液中，超声搅拌4‑10min，便可制备出能促进植物增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的试剂。该试剂能够促进玉米、白菜、果树等植物增产，还具有广谱抗菌作用，有效地阻止孢子发芽，防止病菌侵染，同时能有效防治蚜虫、菜青虫和红蜘蛛等害虫，促使叶色浓绿、生长健壮，提高植物抗病能力。另外，该试剂对人畜无害，制备方法简捷，而且在整个制备工艺过程中都绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法。可广泛用于农业和林业种植等领域。
背景技术
中国是农业大国，农作物很容易发生霉变和病虫害，导致每年农药用量高达数百万吨。农药的广泛使用，虽然对生产发展起到了重要作用，但也带来了环境污染和农药残留等重大问题。进入2l世纪以来，随着人们崇尚自然、保护环境、关注食品安全的呼声日渐高涨，无公害生物农药产业及生物防治领域研究获得了难得的发展机遇。纳米试剂能够很好地解决传统农药诸如环境污染、生物积累、害虫抗性大幅增加等问题，成为国内外研究的热点。专利公开号CN109848403A提出了一种改性纳米零价铁及其制备方法，所用制备方法是将硫酸亚铁盐溶解于槐糖脂溶液中，在氮气气氛中逐滴加入硼氢化钠溶液进行液相还原得到改性纳米零价铁，以槐糖脂修饰于整个纳米零价铁表面，制备过程很繁琐。专利公开号CN105499604A提出了一种纳米零价铁的制备方法，其方法是首先将丙烯酸钠单体和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联剂溶于水中；加入引发剂过硫酸铵混合均匀，再加入速冻剂四甲基乙二胺混合均匀，制备得到支撑基质晶胶，调节超纯水的PH值，并将硫酸亚铁溶于其中，最后将干燥的晶胶基质投入进行离子交换，得到负载有铁离子的晶胶基质；然后将硼氢化钠溶于脱氧水中，再将负载有铁离子的晶胶放入该硼氢化钠溶液中，得到负载纳米零价铁的晶胶。该制备方法虽然可以提高纳米零价铁的分散性，但是成本高，而且制备方法复杂。专利公开号CN110786335A提出了一种新型纳米农药制剂及其制备方法, 制备过程也很复杂。目前对人畜无害，同时具有促进增产、抑制和降低病虫害功能的低成本纳米试剂鲜见报道。
发明内容
本专利针对上述问题，研发了一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法。首先制备植物提取液（植物提取液的制备方法是:将10g薄荷、20g菊花、20g皂荚放在振动磨中低温粉碎成粒度为1-6微米的粉末，然后将其放在200g含60%乙醇的水中，超声搅拌10min，然后过滤取其滤液放置在容器中），然后将纳米铜、纳米铁和纳米二氧化硅加入含有植物提取液、丙三醇和水的溶液中，超声搅拌4-10min即可制备出本发明试剂。该试剂能够促进玉米、白菜、果树等植物增产（增产16-20%），还具有广谱抗菌作用，有效地阻止孢子发芽，防止病菌侵染，并能有效防治蚜虫、菜青虫和红蜘蛛等害虫，促使叶色浓绿、生长健壮，提高树体抗病能力。另外，该试剂对人体无害，制备方法简捷，而且在整个制备工艺过程中都绿色环保。
具体实施方案
实施例一：
（1）将10g薄荷、20g菊花、20g皂荚放在振动磨中低温粉碎成粒度为1-6微米的粉末，然后将其放在200g含60%乙醇的水中，超声搅拌10min，然后过滤取其滤液放置在容器中。
（2）取30g上述滤液加入68.3g水，然后加入1.0g丙三醇和0.3g聚乙烯醇并充分搅拌6min，然后依次加入纳米铜0.2g（平均粒度约为为5nm）、纳米铁0.1g（平均粒度约为为15nm）和纳米二氧化硅0.1 g（平均粒度约为为12nm） ，超声搅拌4min便可制备出该能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的试剂。
实施例二：
（1）将10g薄荷、20g菊花、20g皂荚放在振动磨中低温粉碎成粒度为1-6微米的粉末，然后将其放在200g含60%乙醇的水中，超声搅拌10min，然后过滤取其滤液放置在容器中。
（2）取40g上述滤液加入 55.6g水，然后加入1.4g丙三醇和1.0g聚乙烯醇并充分搅拌6min，然后依次加入纳米铜0.8g（平均粒度约为为8nm）、纳米铁0.6g（平均粒度约为为18nm）和纳米二氧化硅0.6 g（平均粒度约为为15nm） ，超声搅拌6min便可制备出该能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的试剂。
实施例三：
（1）将10g薄荷、20g菊花、20g皂荚放在振动磨中低温粉碎成粒度为1-6微米的粉末，然后将其放在200g含60%乙醇的水中，超声搅拌10min，然后过滤取其滤液放置在容器中。
（2）取60g上述滤液加入33.7g水，然后加入2g丙三醇和1.3g聚乙烯醇并充分搅拌6min，然后依次加入纳米铜1.0g（平均粒度约为为10nm）、纳米铁1.0g（平均粒度约为为20nm）和纳米二氧化硅1 g（平均粒度约为为18nm） ，超声搅拌8min便可制备出能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的试剂。
实施例四：
（1）将10g薄荷、20g菊花、20g皂荚放在振动磨中低温粉碎成粒度为1-6微米的粉末，然后将其放在200g含60%乙醇的水中，超声搅拌10min，然后过滤取其滤液放置在容器中。
（2）取70g上述滤液加入20.1g水，然后加入2.3g丙三醇和2.6醇并充分搅拌6min，然后依次加入纳米铜2g（平均粒度约为为12nm）、纳米铁1.2g（平均粒度约为为30nm）和纳米二氧化硅1.8 g（平均粒度约为为20nm） ，超声搅拌10min便可制备出该能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的试剂。
Claims (4)
1.本发明提供一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法，其基本特征在于该试剂由纳米铜、纳米铁、纳米二氧化硅、植物提取液、丙三醇和水等构成；其制备方法是将纳米铜、纳米铁和纳米二氧化硅依次加入含有植物提取液、丙三醇、聚乙烯醇的水溶液中，超声搅拌4-10min；其中纳米铜的含量为0.2-2.0wt%，纳米铁的含量为0.1-1.2wt%，纳米二氧化硅的含量为0.1-1.8wt%，植物提取液的含量为30-70wt%，丙三醇的含量为1.0-2.3wt%，聚乙烯醇0.3-2.6wt%，余者为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的纳米铜的平均粒度为5-12nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的纳米铁的平均粒度为15-30nm。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种能促进增产的纳米抑制和降低病虫害的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的纳米二氧化硅的平均粒度为12-20nm。
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