CN114049821A - First-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system and method - Google Patents
First-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a client, a server and an experimental device; the client is used for displaying an experimental circuit diagram, an experimental parameter setting interface and a data table to a user; the server is used for calculating a time constant theoretical value and a data acquisition time length according to the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters uploaded by the client and determining the type of the excitation signal; the experimental device is connected with the experimental circuit and used for outputting a specified excitation signal to the experimental circuit under the instruction of the server, simultaneously acquiring response waveform data of the experimental circuit, displaying the acquired data to a user, simultaneously transmitting the acquired data to the server, and transmitting the acquired data to the client for display by the server.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical and electronic experimental equipment, in particular to a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system and a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching method.
Background
The first-order circuit transition process is an important learning content of the course of 'circuit analysis foundation' of the electrical specialty students in colleges and universities. The first-order circuit refers to a circuit which only comprises one energy storage element, and the corresponding circuit equation is a first-order linear ordinary differential equation, and most typically, the first-order circuit is an RC circuit and an RL circuit. In the "circuit analysis foundation" course, the zero state response and the zero input response of the first-order circuit are often studied.
The experimental project matched with the first-order circuit transition course theoretical course aims to enable students to build an actual circuit, display the transition course response waveform of the first-order circuit on an oscilloscope, measure the time constant of the circuit through the waveform and research the influence of parameter change on the transition course of the first-order circuit, enable the students to learn to be actually connected with the theory, and achieve the thorough understanding of knowledge. The current first-order circuit transition process experimental project consists of 4 operation steps, which are as follows:
firstly, a student builds a circuit. The students connect a circuit (RC or RL circuit) according to a circuit diagram given by an experimental lecture or a teaching material, and then connect an oscilloscope and a signal generator. The signal generator needs to output a square wave signal with proper frequency and amplitude as an excitation signal to the first-order circuit, and two channels of the oscilloscope simultaneously observe the excitation signal of the first-order circuit and a voltage signal on the capacitor C (namely a response waveform of the transition process of the first-order circuit).
Secondly, the student adjusts the oscilloscope and the signal generator to display the square wave signal and the voltage signal u on the capacitor C on the screen of the oscilloscopeCWaveform (i.e., transient response waveform of the first order circuit).
And thirdly, measuring a time constant of the circuit by the student according to the transient response waveform of the first-order circuit, and comparing the time constant with a theoretical value.
And fourthly, changing the parameter values of the elements and the circuit structure, repeating the above experimental process, and submitting the measurement data to a teacher for inspection.
In the current experimental teaching process, the following problems exist:
1. the operation is complicated. In order to obtain the above waveforms, students need to access two experimental devices, namely a signal generator and an oscilloscope, and need to operate the signal generator to output square wave signals with proper frequency and amplitude (the frequency is too small or too large, the above waveforms cannot be observed) according to the nominal values of the resistor and the capacitor element, and also need to operate the oscilloscope to adjust the time base and the voltage gear to proper values, so that the above waveforms can be displayed completely, clearly and stably. The whole process has larger operation difficulty for students with weak theoretical knowledge and actual practical manual ability of the circuit in beginners, and a larger threshold is created for the learning and understanding of the students.
2. The actual waveform is distinguished from the theoretical analysis. In theoretical analysis, an excitation signal for a first-order circuit is a step signal, but an actual signal generator generally cannot output the step signal and only can output a periodic square wave signal, so that the excitation signal can periodically charge and discharge a capacitor, and zero-state response waveforms and zero-input response waveforms of the first-order circuit are continuously and alternately appeared instead of only displaying a single response process like a theoretical waveform, which causes troubles to the learning process of students and also increases the learning threshold.
3. The operation process of students is difficult to be effectively supervised. In the experimental process, students need to measure the time constant of the first-order circuit according to the displayed response waveform and compare the time constant with the theoretical value of the time constant, so as to verify the theoretical knowledge. However, in the existing experimental process, the teacher needs to manually check whether the student displays the correct waveform and manually check whether the measurement data of the student is correct, which undoubtedly increases the great teaching workload for the teacher, so that the teacher is tired of low-level repeated work of waveform verification and data check, and does not have more time to guide the student experiment. And if the teacher does not check the waveform of the student, only the measurement data of the student is checked, the data of the student cannot be measured by the teacher, and the phenomenon of data plagiarism cannot be avoided, so that the teaching quality is ensured.
Therefore, the existing first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching method has the big problems that students are difficult to digest and absorb knowledge, the theoretical knowledge is difficult to be communicated with the actual phenomenon, and the teaching effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system and method, and aims to solve the technical problems that students are difficult to digest and absorb knowledge, the theoretical knowledge is difficult to be communicated with actual phenomena, and the teaching effect is not ideal in the conventional first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system, which comprises a client, a server and an experiment device, wherein the client is connected with the server through a network; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the client is used for displaying an experimental circuit diagram to a user, receiving an experimental parameter setting instruction of the user, uploading an experimental circuit type and experimental parameters set by the user to the server, and displaying a data table to the user; wherein the experimental parameters comprise resistance values, capacitance values, excitation signal amplitudes and observation response types; the experimental circuit type is an RC circuit or an RL circuit; observing whether the response type is zero state response or zero input response; the data in the data table comprises time constant theoretical values and time constant measured values;
the server is used for automatically calculating a theoretical time constant value according to the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters uploaded by the client, and calculating the data acquisition time length so as to ensure the acquisition of a complete response process; determining the type of the excitation signal according to the type of the observed response; then transmitting the excitation signal type, the excitation signal amplitude and the acquisition time length to the experimental device; wherein the excitation signal type is an ascending step signal or a descending step signal;
the experimental device is connected with the experimental circuit and used for outputting a specified excitation signal to the experimental circuit under the instruction of the server, simultaneously acquiring response waveform data of the experimental circuit, displaying the acquired data to a user, simultaneously transmitting the acquired data to the server, and transmitting the acquired data to the client side for displaying.
Further, the server is also used for storing a circuit diagram of the experimental circuit and an experimental report.
Furthermore, the client is also used for transmitting the data filled by the user to the server according to a data submitting instruction of the user after the user fills the theoretical time constant value and the measured time constant value into the data form;
after receiving the data filled by the user uploaded by the client, the server is further configured to: automatically analyzing the waveform data collected by the experimental device, judging whether the waveform data is correct or not so as to judge whether the circuit connection of students is correct or not, and automatically measuring the time constant of the waveform data to obtain an automatic time constant measurement value; the server compares the automatic time constant measurement value and the time constant measurement value filled by the user with a time constant theoretical value calculated by the server; only when the three are consistent in the set error range, the user operation is considered to be correct, otherwise, as long as one party exceeds the set error range, the user operation is considered to be wrong, and the user is reminded to perform the rewiring operation or measure the time constant again; the server is also used for comparing the theoretical value of the time constant filled by the user with the theoretical value of the time constant calculated by the server so as to judge whether the time constant calculated by the user is correct or not; and give an explicit prompt to inform the user where the error is.
Further, the content of the prompt includes: response waveform mismatch, rewiring operation, time constant measurement mismatch, remeasurement, and time constant theoretical value mismatch, recalculation.
Furthermore, the experimental device comprises a communication module, a main control module, an excitation source, a data acquisition module and a man-machine interaction module;
the communication module is used for realizing communication between the experimental device and the server;
the main control module is used for controlling each module in the experimental device;
the excitation source is used for outputting an excitation signal of a specified type under the control of the main control module;
the data acquisition module is used for automatically acquiring complete waveform data of the transition process of the experimental circuit according to a set acquisition time length and an amplification/attenuation coefficient of a signal under the control of the main control module;
the human-computer interaction module comprises a liquid crystal screen, a switch and a knob; when the data acquisition module finishes data acquisition, the data acquired by the data acquisition module can be displayed on the liquid crystal screen in real time, and a user moves a cursor by operating the knob to measure a time constant.
Furthermore, the data acquisition module comprises a timing unit, a high-speed acquisition circuit and an amplification/attenuation unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the timing unit is used for receiving an instruction of the main control module, receiving a length value of acquisition time of the main control module, controlling the high-speed acquisition circuit to acquire data when the main control module sends an acquisition start instruction, starting timing at the same time, and stopping acquisition when the timing time reaches the set acquisition time;
the high-speed acquisition circuit is used for acquiring input signals under the control of the timing unit, transmitting data to the main control module after the acquisition is finished, and transmitting the data to the server by the main control module;
the amplification/attenuation unit is used for setting adaptive amplification/attenuation coefficients according to the amplitude of the excitation signal set by a user under the control of the main control module so as to amplify or attenuate the output signal of the experimental circuit to match the amplitude requirement of the input signal of the high-speed acquisition circuit.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a first-order circuit transition process experimental teaching method realized by using the first-order circuit transition process experimental teaching system, which comprises the following steps:
the user opens the client, the client displays an experimental circuit diagram and a data table to the user, receives an experimental parameter setting instruction of the user and acquires experimental parameters set by the user; then, the client uploads the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters set by the user to the server;
the server automatically calculates a theoretical time constant value according to the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters uploaded by the client, and calculates the data acquisition time length from the theoretical time constant value so as to ensure the acquisition of a complete response process; determining the type of the excitation signal according to the type of the observed response; then the server transmits the excitation signal type, the excitation signal amplitude and the acquisition time length to the experimental device;
the user connects the experimental device with the experimental circuit;
the experimental device outputs a specified excitation signal to the experimental circuit after receiving the experimental starting instruction, collects response waveform data of the experimental circuit, displays the collected data to the user, transmits the collected data to the server, and transmits the collected data to the client for display;
a user observes a response waveform of an experimental circuit in a transition process on the experimental device, measures a time constant of the waveform according to the response waveform, fills a theoretical value of the time constant and a measured value of the time constant into the data table, and submits the data table to the server; the server automatically analyzes the response waveform, judges whether the response waveform is correct or not so as to judge whether the circuit connection of the student is correct or not, and automatically measures the time constant of the response waveform to obtain an automatic time constant measurement value; the server compares the automatic time constant measurement value and the time constant measurement value filled by the user with a time constant theoretical value calculated by the server; only when the three are consistent in the set error range, the user operation is considered to be correct, otherwise, as long as one party exceeds the set error range, the user operation is considered to be wrong, and the user is reminded to perform the rewiring operation or measure the time constant again; the server is also used for comparing the theoretical value of the time constant filled by the user with the theoretical value of the time constant calculated by the server so as to judge whether the time constant calculated by the user is correct or not; and give an explicit prompt to inform the user where the error is;
and (4) requiring a user to replace the circuit type and the experimental parameters, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and carrying out comparison research.
Furthermore, the experimental circuit is a circuit fixed on a special experimental box or is built by a user;
the content of the prompt comprises: response waveform mismatch, rewiring operation, time constant measurement mismatch, remeasurement, and time constant theoretical value mismatch, recalculation.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
the invention overcomes the defects of the prior experimental operation of the first-order circuit transition process and has the following advantages:
1. the operation is simple. By adopting the first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system, students can automatically output specified excitation signals by one key without specially learning the operation and use of a signal generator and an oscilloscope, automatically set the amplification/error coefficient of an acquisition circuit, and automatically acquire signals with proper time length to display a complete transition process, so that the operation difficulty of the students is greatly reduced, and the students can be more attentive to the observation and verification of actual phenomena and the convergence of theory and reality.
2. The experimental phenomenon is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The excitation source of the system can output the ascending step signal and the descending step signal which are not possessed by the existing signal generator, so that the first-order circuit can generate single zero-state response or zero-input response, the experimental phenomenon is consistent with theoretical analysis, and the understanding threshold of students is reduced.
3. The first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system provided by the invention has perfect experiment supervision and automatic data correction functions. The experimental teaching system can acquire the response waveform of the circuit, automatically analyze and automatically measure the response waveform, judge whether the waveform acquired by the student is correct, compare the time constant measurement value input by the student with the theoretical value, judge whether the measurement of the student is correct, and judge whether the theoretical value calculated by the student is correct. The whole process does not need manual intervention of a teacher, so that the workload of the teacher is greatly reduced, and the teacher has more time and energy to guide the specific experiment of the student.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a display interface of a client according to an embodiment of the present invention (taking an RC circuit as an example).
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment provides a first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system, which is applied to an electrical and electronic experiment, and as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a client, a server and an experiment device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the client is used for displaying an experimental circuit diagram to a user, receiving an experimental parameter setting instruction of the user, uploading an experimental circuit type and experimental parameters set by the user to the server, and displaying a data table to the user; wherein the experimental parameters comprise resistance values, capacitance values, excitation signal amplitudes and observation response types; the experimental circuit is a first-order circuit required by experiments and is of an RC circuit or an RL circuit; the circuit can be fixed on a special experimental box, and can also be built by a user through a bread board and a discrete element. Observing whether the response type is zero state response or zero input response; the data in the data table includes time constant theoretical values and time constant measured values.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the client is an APP running on a tablet computer, a mobile phone, or a computer, and may also run in a browser in the form of a web page; the display interface is shown in fig. 2.
The server is used for storing the experimental circuit diagram, transmitting instructions, comparing data and storing experimental reports; specifically, the server automatically calculates a theoretical time constant value according to the experimental circuit type and experimental parameters uploaded by the client, and calculates the data acquisition time length from the theoretical time constant value so as to ensure that a complete response process is acquired; determining the type of the excitation signal according to the type of the observed response; then transmitting the excitation signal type, the excitation signal amplitude and the acquisition time length to the experimental device; wherein the excitation signal type is an ascending step signal or a descending step signal;
furthermore, the client is also used for transmitting the data filled by the user to the server according to a data submitting instruction of the user after the user fills the theoretical time constant value and the measured time constant value into the data form; after receiving the data filled by the user uploaded by the client, the server is further configured to: automatically analyzing the waveform data collected by the experimental device, judging whether the waveform data is correct or not so as to judge whether the circuit connection of students is correct or not, and automatically measuring the time constant of the waveform data to obtain an automatic time constant measurement value; the server compares the automatic time constant measurement value and the time constant measurement value filled by the user with a time constant theoretical value calculated by the server; only when the three are consistent in the set error range, the user operation is considered to be correct, otherwise, as long as one party exceeds the set error range, the user operation is considered to be wrong, and the user is reminded to perform the rewiring operation or measure the time constant again; the server is also used for comparing the theoretical value of the time constant filled by the user with the theoretical value of the time constant calculated by the server so as to judge whether the time constant calculated by the user is correct or not; and give an explicit prompt to inform the user where the error is. Wherein, the prompting content comprises: response waveform mismatch, rewiring operation, time constant measurement mismatch, remeasurement, and time constant theoretical value mismatch, recalculation.
The experimental device is connected with the experimental circuit and used for outputting a specified excitation signal to the experimental circuit under the instruction of the server, simultaneously acquiring response waveform data of the experimental circuit, displaying the acquired data to a user, simultaneously transmitting the acquired data to the server, and transmitting the acquired data to the client side for displaying.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the experimental apparatus includes a communication module, a main control module, an excitation source, a data acquisition module, and a human-computer interaction module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the communication module can adopt communication modes such as Ethernet, WIFI, 4G/5G network and the like, and is used for realizing communication between the experimental device and the server;
the main control module is used for controlling each module in the experimental device;
the excitation source is used for outputting an excitation signal (a rising step signal or a falling step signal) of a specified type under the control of the main control module, and the excitation signal is used as an excitation signal of the experimental circuit;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring data of output signals of the experimental circuit under the control of the main control module; it should be noted that the system of this embodiment may automatically set the acquisition time and the amplification/attenuation coefficient of the signal, so that the data acquisition module may automatically acquire complete waveform data of the transition process of the experimental circuit according to the set acquisition time length and the amplification/attenuation coefficient of the signal without manual intervention; furthermore, the data acquisition module comprises a timing unit, a high-speed acquisition circuit and an amplification/attenuation unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the timing unit is used for receiving the instruction of the main control module, receiving the value of the acquisition time length of the main control module, controlling the high-speed acquisition circuit to acquire data when the main control module sends an acquisition starting instruction, starting timing at the same time, and stopping acquisition when the timing time reaches the set acquisition time;
the high-speed acquisition circuit is used for carrying out high-speed acquisition on input signals under the control of the timing unit, transmitting data to the main control module after the acquisition is finished, and transmitting the data to the server by the main control module;
the amplification/attenuation unit is used for setting a proper amplification/attenuation coefficient according to the amplitude of the excitation signal set by a user under the control of the main control module so as to amplify or attenuate the output signal of the experimental circuit and match the amplitude requirement of the input signal of the high-speed acquisition circuit.
The man-machine interaction module consists of interaction elements such as a liquid crystal screen, a switch, a knob and the like; when the data acquisition module finishes data acquisition, the data acquired by the data acquisition module can be displayed on the liquid crystal screen in real time, and a user can move a cursor by operating the knob to measure a time constant.
Based on the above, the first-order circuit transient process experimental teaching method implemented by using the first-order circuit transient process experimental teaching system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
1. when an experiment is carried out, a user firstly opens a client, and the client can display a circuit diagram (RC or RL circuit) of an experiment circuit to the user; the parameter values (resistance, capacitance and inductance value) of the elements in the circuit can be given by a client, or the parameters can be selected and input to the client by a user, and the amplitude of the excitation signal is set (within a certain range). The user then selects the type of response to be observed (both zero state and zero input responses). The client also provides data tables of theoretical values and measured values of the time constants, and the data tables need to be filled by students in the experiment process.
2. Transmitting, by the client, the experimental circuit type (RC or RL), the element parameter values (R, L, C values), the excitation signal amplitude values, and the type of response to be observed (zero state response or zero input response) to the server; the server automatically calculates a theoretical value of a time constant according to the element parameter values uploaded by the client, and calculates the data acquisition time length (ensuring that an integrated response process is acquired, which is generally 5-10 times of the time constant); the server also determines the type of stimulus signal, i.e. whether to output an ascending step signal or a descending step signal, based on the observed response type.
3. And the server transmits the excitation signal type, the excitation signal amplitude and the acquisition time length to the experimental device.
4. And the user is connected with the experimental circuit, and the experimental circuit is respectively connected with the output of the excitation source of the experimental device and the input of the data acquisition module.
5. The user inputs an experiment starting instruction on the client, the client transmits the experiment starting instruction to a main control module of the experiment device through the server, the main control module controls an excitation source to output a specified excitation signal to an experiment circuit, and simultaneously controls a timing unit to start data acquisition, acquire response waveform data of the experiment circuit, when set acquisition time is over, the data acquisition is stopped, the acquired data are displayed on a man-machine interaction module, the acquired data are transmitted to the server, and the server transmits the acquired data to the client for display.
6. A user observes a response waveform of a transition process on a human-computer interaction terminal, operates a knob to move a cursor to measure a time constant of the waveform, fills a data table of a client with a theoretical value of the time constant and a measured value of the time constant, clicks a 'submit data' button, and submits data to a server; the server calculates the theoretical value of the time constant in advance, and simultaneously stores the measurement waveform of the user, the server can automatically analyze the response waveform to judge whether the response waveform is correct or not so as to judge whether the circuit connection of the student is correct or not, and automatically measure the time constant of the response waveform to obtain the automatic measurement value of the time constant; the server compares the automatic time constant measurement value and the time constant measurement value filled by the user with a time constant theoretical value calculated by the server; only when the three are consistent in the set error range, the user operation is considered to be correct, otherwise, as long as one party exceeds the set error range, the user operation is considered to be wrong, and the user is reminded to perform the rewiring operation or measure the time constant again; the server also compares the theoretical value of the time constant filled by the user with the theoretical value of the time constant calculated by the server so as to judge whether the time constant calculated by the user is correct or not; and give an explicit prompt to inform the user where the error is; the reminding content comprises the following steps:
rewiring operation in response to waveform mismatch
Mismatch of time constant measurements, re-measurement
Time constant theoretical value error, recalculation
7. The user is required to replace the circuit type and the element parameters, and the steps are repeated for three to four times for comparison research.
In conclusion, the first-order circuit transition process experimental teaching system provided by the embodiment simplifies the experimental operation process of students, can conveniently, quickly and visually display the transition process of the first-order circuit, and the displayed waveform is identical to theoretical analysis, so that the operation and understanding thresholds of the students are reduced, and the teaching effect is improved.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A first order circuit transient experiment teaching system, the first order circuit transient experiment teaching system comprising: the system comprises a client, a server and an experimental device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the client is used for displaying an experimental circuit diagram to a user, receiving an experimental parameter setting instruction of the user, uploading an experimental circuit type and experimental parameters set by the user to the server, and displaying a data table to the user; wherein the experimental parameters comprise resistance values, capacitance values, excitation signal amplitudes and observation response types; the experimental circuit type is an RC circuit or an RL circuit; observing whether the response type is zero state response or zero input response; the data in the data table comprises time constant theoretical values and time constant measured values;
the server is used for automatically calculating a theoretical time constant value according to the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters uploaded by the client, and calculating the data acquisition time length so as to ensure the acquisition of a complete response process; determining the type of the excitation signal according to the type of the observed response; then transmitting the excitation signal type, the excitation signal amplitude and the acquisition time length to the experimental device; wherein the excitation signal type is an ascending step signal or a descending step signal;
the experimental device is connected with the experimental circuit and used for outputting a specified excitation signal to the experimental circuit under the instruction of the server, simultaneously acquiring response waveform data of the experimental circuit, displaying the acquired data to a user, simultaneously transmitting the acquired data to the server, and transmitting the acquired data to the client side for displaying.
2. The first order circuit transition process experiment teaching system of claim 1, wherein the server is further configured to store a circuit diagram of the experiment circuit and an experiment report.
3. The first-order circuit transition process experimental teaching system of claim 1, wherein the client is further configured to transmit data filled by a user to the server according to a data submitting instruction of the user after the user fills a theoretical value of a time constant and a measured value of the time constant into the data form;
after receiving the data filled by the user uploaded by the client, the server is further configured to: automatically analyzing the waveform data collected by the experimental device, judging whether the waveform data is correct or not so as to judge whether the circuit connection of students is correct or not, and automatically measuring the time constant of the waveform data to obtain an automatic time constant measurement value; the server compares the automatic time constant measurement value and the time constant measurement value filled by the user with a time constant theoretical value calculated by the server; only when the three are consistent in the set error range, the user operation is considered to be correct, otherwise, as long as one party exceeds the set error range, the user operation is considered to be wrong, and the user is reminded to perform the rewiring operation or measure the time constant again; the server is also used for comparing the theoretical value of the time constant filled by the user with the theoretical value of the time constant calculated by the server so as to judge whether the time constant calculated by the user is correct or not; and give an explicit prompt to inform the user where the error is.
4. The first order circuit transition process experimental teaching system of claim 3 wherein the content of the prompt includes: response waveform mismatch, rewiring operation, time constant measurement mismatch, remeasurement, and time constant theoretical value mismatch, recalculation.
5. The first-order circuit transition process experiment teaching system of claim 1, wherein the experimental device comprises a communication module, a main control module, an excitation source, a data acquisition module and a man-machine interaction module;
the communication module is used for realizing communication between the experimental device and the server;
the main control module is used for controlling each module in the experimental device;
the excitation source is used for outputting an excitation signal of a specified type under the control of the main control module;
the data acquisition module is used for automatically acquiring complete waveform data of the transition process of the experimental circuit according to a set acquisition time length and an amplification/attenuation coefficient of a signal under the control of the main control module;
the human-computer interaction module comprises a liquid crystal screen, a switch and a knob; when the data acquisition module finishes data acquisition, the data acquired by the data acquisition module can be displayed on the liquid crystal screen in real time, and a user moves a cursor by operating the knob to measure a time constant.
6. The first-order circuit transition process experimental teaching system of claim 5, wherein the data acquisition module comprises a timing unit, a high-speed acquisition circuit and an amplification/attenuation unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the timing unit is used for receiving an instruction of the main control module, receiving a length value of acquisition time of the main control module, controlling the high-speed acquisition circuit to acquire data when the main control module sends an acquisition start instruction, starting timing at the same time, and stopping acquisition when the timing time reaches the set acquisition time;
the high-speed acquisition circuit is used for acquiring input signals under the control of the timing unit, transmitting data to the main control module after the acquisition is finished, and transmitting the data to the server by the main control module;
the amplification/attenuation unit is used for setting adaptive amplification/attenuation coefficients according to the amplitude of the excitation signal set by a user under the control of the main control module so as to amplify or attenuate the output signal of the experimental circuit to match the amplitude requirement of the input signal of the high-speed acquisition circuit.
7. A first order circuit transient experimental teaching method implemented using the first order circuit transient experimental teaching system of any one of claims 1-6, the method comprising:
the user opens the client, the client displays an experimental circuit diagram and a data table to the user, receives an experimental parameter setting instruction of the user and acquires experimental parameters set by the user; then, the client uploads the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters set by the user to the server;
the server automatically calculates a theoretical time constant value according to the experimental circuit type and the experimental parameters uploaded by the client, and calculates the data acquisition time length from the theoretical time constant value so as to ensure the acquisition of a complete response process; determining the type of the excitation signal according to the type of the observed response; then the server transmits the excitation signal type, the excitation signal amplitude and the acquisition time length to the experimental device;
the user connects the experimental device with the experimental circuit;
the experimental device outputs a specified excitation signal to the experimental circuit after receiving the experimental starting instruction, collects response waveform data of the experimental circuit, displays the collected data to the user, transmits the collected data to the server, and transmits the collected data to the client for display;
a user observes a response waveform of an experimental circuit in a transition process on the experimental device, measures a time constant of the waveform according to the response waveform, fills a theoretical value of the time constant and a measured value of the time constant into the data table, and submits the data table to the server; the server automatically analyzes the response waveform, judges whether the response waveform is correct or not so as to judge whether the circuit connection of the student is correct or not, and automatically measures the time constant of the response waveform to obtain an automatic time constant measurement value; the server compares the automatic time constant measurement value and the time constant measurement value filled by the user with a time constant theoretical value calculated by the server; only when the three are consistent in the set error range, the user operation is considered to be correct, otherwise, as long as one party exceeds the set error range, the user operation is considered to be wrong, and the user is reminded to perform the rewiring operation or measure the time constant again; the server is also used for comparing the theoretical value of the time constant filled by the user with the theoretical value of the time constant calculated by the server so as to judge whether the time constant calculated by the user is correct or not; and give an explicit prompt to inform the user where the error is;
and (4) requiring a user to replace the circuit type and the experimental parameters, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and carrying out comparison research.
8. The first-order circuit transition process experimental teaching method according to claim 7, wherein the experimental circuit is a circuit fixed on a special experimental box or built by a user;
the content of the prompt comprises: response waveform mismatch, rewiring operation, time constant measurement mismatch, remeasurement, and time constant theoretical value mismatch, recalculation.
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