CN114049020A - Transformation assessment method for closing/abandonment mine - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transformation assessment method for closing/abandoning a mine, which comprises the following steps: a. closing/abandoning mine field investigation and data collection; b. closing/abandoning mine aboveground resources and underground resource classification; c. closing/abandoning the estimation of the space above the mine and under the mine; d. estimating the amount of residual coal resources in the closed/abandoned mine pit; e. closing/abandonment mine transformation scheme formulation and comprehensive benefit evaluation: and (e) formulating various transformation projects of the closed/abandoned mine according to the analysis data obtained in the steps a to d, carrying out comprehensive benefit evaluation, and taking the scheme of the maximum comprehensive benefit as the final transformation scheme of the closed/abandoned mine transformation. The invention provides theoretical basis and method reference for closed/abandoned mine underground space resources, and is convenient for providing a feasible transformation bluebook and reference example for realizing transformation, escaping from poverty and sustainable development of closed/abandoned mine enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine transformation, in particular to a transformation evaluation method for closing/abandoning a mine.
Background
Mineral resources are the important material basis for human survival, and development and utilization of mineral resources play a great role in promoting the progress of the human society. But at the same time, mining can also cause adverse effects such as geological and landform disturbance, natural landscape damage, ecological environment and human settlement safety risk. China is one of the large world mining countries, mineral resources are rich, the reserves of the mineral resources are up to 148, and 8 thousands of large and medium-sized mine enterprises are developed. With the development of economic society and the continuous development of coal resources in China, part of mines reach the end of life cycle, and part of backward-productive mines are directly closed or abandoned due to high mining cost and serious loss. 420 hundred million tons of coal resources and nearly 5000 hundred million m of unconventional natural gas exist in closed mines in China3Underground space resource is about 72 hundred million m3And the system also has rich mine water resources, geothermal resources, tourism resources and the like. Direct mine shutdown/abandonment not only causes huge waste of resources and loss of national assets, but also may induce ecological environmental problems.
For how a closed/abandoned mine should be developed or transformed, an effective model method and a technical means are adopted to scientifically evaluate and manage the residual resources, and no literature report exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transformation assessment method for closed/abandoned mines, which can provide theoretical basis and method reference for closed/abandoned mine underground space resources and is convenient for providing feasible transformation blueprints and reference examples for realizing transformation, difficulty removal and sustainable development of closed/abandoned mine enterprises.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transformation evaluation method for shut-down/abandoned mine, comprising the steps of:
a. closing/abandoning mine field investigation and data collection;
b. closing/abandoning mine aboveground resources and underground resource classification;
the aboveground resources comprise mine surface water resources, mine land resources, mining area industrial square resources and mine living area resources; the underground resources comprise mine underground water resources, residual coal resources, mine underground space resources and mine underground equipment resources;
c. closing/abandoning the estimation of the space above the mine and under the mine;
the method for estimating the space on the closed/abandoned mine well comprises the estimation of the space of an industrial square in a mining area, and comprises the following specific steps: the length, width and height of the industrial square buildings in the mining area are measured on site, and the occupied area and available space of the buildings in the industrial square are calculated according to the formulas (1) and (2);
in the formula, S1Is the floor area of the building, m2；L1、D1、H1Respectively the length, width and height of the building, m; v' is the space available in the building, m3；
The closed/abandoned mine underground space estimation comprises available space estimation of three different types of roadways, namely a semi-circular arch section, a circular arch section and a trapezoid section and available space estimation of a coal mine goaf;
the method for estimating the available space of the roadway comprises the following specific steps: the length of the roadway and relevant parameters of the sections of the three different types of roadways are measured on site, the area of the section of the roadway is calculated according to the relevant parameters of the sections of the three different types of roadways, and a specific calculation formula is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation of different types of roadway specifications and cross-sectional areas
The available space of the roadway is calculated according to the formula (3);
in the formula, V' is available space of the roadway, m3；S2Is the area of the cross section of the tunnel, m2；L2Is the length of the roadway, m;
the specific method for estimating the available space of the coal mine goaf comprises the following steps: the average density of coal is obtained by adopting coal samples on site, the coal mining volume V and the surface subsidence coefficient eta are calculated according to the annual coal yield divided by the average density of the coal1The expansion coefficient K is obtained by monitoring a field instrument and is obtained by testing according to GB/T50266-2013;
volume V of coal production and volume V of surface subsidence1Rock pressure relief expansion volume V2And the volume V of the underground space of the working face goaf3There is a relationship as in equation (4); volume of surface subsidence V1Coefficient of subsidence with earth's surface eta1Related, rock relief expansion volume V2According to the volume V of the underground space of the working face goaf3Calculating the expansion coefficient K, wherein the specific calculation is shown in formulas (5) to (7);
V＝V1+V2+V3 (4)
V1＝V×η1 (5)
V2＝V3×K (6)
d. estimating the amount of residual coal resources in the closed/abandoned mine pit;
the underground residual coal resource amount is measured by the resource amount of all security pillars, the resource amount of the security pillars is calculated according to a vertical profile method, and the residual coal resource amount of a mining area is obtained, wherein the specific calculation is shown as a formula (8);
in the formula, M is the estimated total resource amount of the security coal pillar, t; d2Is the width of the coal pillar, m; l is3Is the length of the coal pillar, m; h2Is the coal seam thickness, m; eta2Is the volume weight of the coal;
e. making a transformation scheme of closing/abandoning mines and evaluating comprehensive benefits;
e-1, formulating various transformation projects of closing/abandoning mines according to the analysis data obtained in the steps a to d and carrying out comprehensive benefit evaluation;
e-2, selecting comprehensive benefit evaluation indexes: selecting typical mine transformation projects with representativeness according to three division standards of economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit and combining mine transformation application practices, and selecting and gradually subdividing indexes according to a scientific and feasible principle;
e-3, constructing a comprehensive benefit evaluation model: the evaluation model includes three parts, the first part is a target layer: acquiring the comprehensive benefit of closing/abandonment mine transformation projects; the second part is the criteria layer: comprises an ecological benefit index, a social benefit index and an economic benefit index; the third part is a marker layer: the method comprises the steps of conserving water and soil, purifying water sources, purifying environment, expanding employment, improving urban image, improving development level, subsidy of government, income of entrance tickets and developing catering industry;
e-4, determining the index weight and the index benefit value: calculating the weight of each index layer by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, comparing each element in each layer pairwise to judge the relative importance of the elements, constructing a judgment matrix, determining the overall sequence of the relative importance of the evaluation indexes by calculation, and obtaining the benefit value of each index under three schemes by an questionnaire;
e-5, calculating comprehensive benefits: and multiplying the weight of the index layer by the index value to obtain a comprehensive benefit value of the transformation scheme, and selecting the scheme with the maximum comprehensive benefit value as a final transformation scheme for closing/abandoning the transformation of the mining area.
Further, in the step a, the field investigation range includes coal seam mining, hydrogeology, land utilization, ground equipment and buildings, and underground space, and the data collection includes collecting original data information of the mine.
Further, in the step b, the mine surface water resources comprise a mining area and ponds, rivers, lakes and reservoirs around the mining area;
mine land resources comprise abandoned land and collapsed land caused by mining; the waste land comprises a refuse dump, a waste rock pile and a tailing area; the collapsed land is divided into a basin area, a water accumulation area, a slope area and a crack area according to the land damage characteristics;
mining area industrial square resources comprise buildings, ground linear facilities and aboveground equipment; the ground linear facilities comprise mine railways, highways, electric power and communication lines; the aboveground equipment comprises a lifting winch, a motor, a ventilator, a blower, a transformer and a crown block;
the mine living area resources comprise welfare facilities, cultural and educational sanitary facilities and commercial and residential facilities, wherein the welfare facilities comprise canteens, bathrooms and boiler rooms, the cultural and educational sanitary facilities comprise clubs, employee reading rooms and mining hospitals, and the commercial and residential facilities comprise shops and employee dormitories.
Further, in the step b, the mine underground water resources comprise underground water stored in a well bottom sump, accumulated water in a goaf and underground water in a water system of a well field;
the residual coal resources comprise protective coal pillars at the boundary positions of a main roadway, a shaft, a working face, a fault and a well field;
the underground space resources of the mine comprise a shaft, a roadway, an underground chamber and a goaf;
underground equipment resources of the mine comprise mining equipment, transportation equipment, drainage equipment, power supply equipment, other pipelines, cables and communication equipment.
The invention classifies closed/abandoned mine resources, provides an estimation method of available space of different resource types, provides theoretical basis and method reference for closed/abandoned mine underground space resources, and provides a feasible transformation bluebook and reference example for other closed/abandoned mine enterprises to realize transformation, difficulty removal and sustainable development.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The embodiment is located in a closed mine in the Wei river basin, and the classification and quantitative evaluation are carried out on the overground and underground resources of the closed mine, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. weihe watershed certain closed mine field investigation and field data acquisition
The conditions of coal seam mining, hydrogeology, mine land utilization, ground equipment, buildings, underground spaces and the like of a certain closed mine in the Wei river basin are investigated, and original data information of the mine is collected. The mining mode is the exploitation of inclined shafts, the service life of a mine is closed for 3.8 years, the ground surface has no obvious deformation, underground engineering is completely stagnated, geological risks belong to low-incidence areas, a ground surface water system and underground water are abundant, and the distance between the ground surface water system and the underground water system is 145.5km away from a county city. After long-term mining, the mining area forms rich industrial traces and humanistic history, supporting facilities in the mining area are complete, the geographic position is excellent, the traffic is convenient, and the surrounding area is provided with supporting facility scenic spots.
b. Dividing resources on and under a certain closed mine well in Wei river basin
The mine ground building facilities are completely stored and mainly comprise buildings of an office area, a living area, a production area and an auxiliary production area. The underground available space mainly comprises main and auxiliary inclined shaft shafts, a horizontal transportation main roadway, a return air main roadway, underground parking lots, central water pump rooms, channels, material depots and other chambers, and underground residual coal resources.
c. Resource estimation on mine well in Wei river basin in certain closed state
And measuring the buildings in the mining area by a statistical mode of field actual measurement, and calculating the occupied area and the space volume of the buildings according to a formula (1) and a formula (2). Wherein, the office building occupies 2375.7m2Spatial volume 2.2X 104m3(ii) a Residential area building floor area 5074.8m2Spatial volume 3.4X 104m3(ii) a Production area building floor area 5696.2m2Spatial volume 3.8X 104m3(ii) a Secondary production area building floor area 9951.6m2Spatial volume 1.0X 104m3The volume of the building space of the whole industrial square reaches 1.04 multiplied by 105m3。
d. Estimation of underground available space of certain closed mine in Wei river basin
The net width of the main inclined shaft of the mine is 4.0m, the net height is 3.2m, and the net cross-sectional area is 11.1m2And the slant length is 820 m. The net width of the auxiliary inclined shaft is 4.4m, the net height is 3.25m, and the net cross-sectional area is 12.2m2And the slant length is 561 m. The underground available space of the mine is 1.18 multiplied by 10 according to the calculation of the formula (3)5m3The method comprises the following steps: the available space of the mine shaft is about 1.6 multiplied by 104m3The available space of a horizontal transportation main lane and a return air main lane is about 8.1 multiplied by 104m3The available space of the underground parking lot and the main chamber is about 2.1 multiplied by 104m3。
e. Estimating residual coal resources under mine of certain closed mine in Wei river basin
The coal resources left in the mining area mainly comprise working face coal pillars, safety coal pillars of railways, rivers, reservoirs, villages and industrial squares in the well field, and shaft protection coal pillars. The total residual coal resource amount is calculated to be about 5600 ten thousand t.
Wherein, mining operation is carried out on 42 working faces in total of four mining areas of the mining area, the thickness of a main coal mining layer is 2.6m, 20-40 m protective coal pillars are reserved on each working face, and the volume weight of coal is 1.40t/m3The calculation according to the formula (8) shows that the coal resources remaining in the coal pillar of the working face are about 144 ten thousand t, and the results are shown in table 2. The residual coal resources in the well field comprise railways and rivers in the well field, reservoirs, faults, well field boundaries, air shafts, small kiln goafs, industrial squares and village protection coal pillars, and the residual resource amount reaches 5515.14 ten thousand tons.
TABLE 2 estimation of residual coal resources on the face of a certain mine
f. Selection of transformation utilization scheme of certain mine in Weihe river basin and comprehensive benefit evaluation
And (3) according to the mining area resource outline and the regional position, making three transformation schemes including a mine park and vacation village mode, a mine park and mine museum, and a mine museum and underground material storage. Establishing a judgment matrix according to the comprehensive benefit evaluation hierarchical structure model, and obtaining the weight distribution of each index layer by utilizing an analytic hierarchy process, wherein the result is shown in table 3; the individual index benefit values are obtained through questionnaire survey, and specifically, as shown in table 4, the weights of the index layers are multiplied by the index values to obtain the comprehensive benefit values of the three transformation schemes. The comprehensive benefit value of the mine park and resort mode is 3.623, the comprehensive benefit value of the mine park and mine museum is 3.748, and the comprehensive benefit value of the mine museum and underground material storage library is 3.551, and the scheme of the mine park and mine museum with the largest comprehensive benefit is selected as the optimal transformation scheme for closing the mine.
TABLE 3 transformation comprehensive benefit evaluation index weight for shut-down mine
TABLE 4 index benefit values for different transformation scenarios
Claims (4)
1. A transformation assessment method for closing/abandoning a mine, comprising the steps of:
a. closing/abandoning mine field investigation and data collection;
b. closing/abandoning mine aboveground resources and underground resource classification;
the aboveground resources comprise mine surface water resources, mine land resources, mining area industrial square resources and mine living area resources; the underground resources comprise mine underground water resources, residual coal resources, mine underground space resources and mine underground equipment resources;
c. closing/abandoning the estimation of the space above the mine and under the mine;
the method for estimating the space on the closed/abandoned mine well comprises the estimation of the space of an industrial square in a mining area, and comprises the following specific steps: the length, width and height of the industrial square buildings in the mining area are measured on site, and the occupied area and available space of the buildings in the industrial square are calculated according to the formulas (1) and (2);
in the formula, S1Is the floor area of the building, m2；L1、D1、H1Respectively the length, width and height of the building, m; v' is the space available in the building, m3；
The closed/abandoned mine underground space estimation comprises available space estimation of three different types of roadways, namely a semi-circular arch section, a circular arch section and a trapezoid section and available space estimation of a coal mine goaf;
the method for estimating the available space of the roadway comprises the following specific steps: the length of a tunnel and relevant parameters of the sections of three different types of tunnels are measured on site, the area of the section of the tunnel is calculated according to the relevant parameters of the sections of the three different types of tunnels, and the available space of the tunnel is calculated according to a formula (3);
in the formula, V' is available space of the roadway, m3；S2Is the area of the cross section of the tunnel, m2；L2Is the length of the roadway, m;
the specific method for estimating the available space of the coal mine goaf comprises the following steps: the average density of coal is obtained through the coal sample collected on site, the coal collecting volume V and the surface subsidence coefficient eta are calculated according to the annual coal yield divided by the average density of coal1The expansion coefficient K is obtained by monitoring a field instrument and is obtained by testing according to GB/T50266-2013;
volume V of coal production and volume V of surface subsidence1Rock pressure relief expansion volume V2And the volume V of the underground space of the working face goaf3There is a relationship as in equation (4); volume of surface subsidence V1Coefficient of subsidence with earth's surface eta1Related, rock relief expansion volume V2According to the volume V of the underground space of the working face goaf3Calculating the expansion coefficient K, wherein the specific calculation is shown in formulas (5) to (7);
V＝V1+V2+V3 (4)
V1＝V×η1 (5)
V2＝V3×K (6)
d. estimating the amount of residual coal resources in the closed/abandoned mine pit;
the underground residual coal resource amount is measured by the resource amount of all security pillars, the resource amount of the security pillars is calculated according to a vertical profile method, and the residual coal resource amount of a mining area is obtained, wherein the specific calculation is shown as a formula (8);
in the formula, M is the estimated total resource amount of the security coal pillar, t; d2Is the width of the coal pillar, m; l is3Is the length of the coal pillar, m; h2Is the coal seam thickness, m; eta2Is the volume weight of the coal;
e. making a transformation scheme of closing/abandoning mines and evaluating comprehensive benefits;
e-1, formulating various transformation projects of closing/abandoning mines according to the analysis data obtained in the steps a to d and carrying out comprehensive benefit evaluation;
e-2, selecting comprehensive benefit evaluation indexes: selecting typical mine transformation projects with representativeness according to three division standards of economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit and combining mine transformation application practices, and selecting and gradually subdividing indexes according to a scientific and feasible principle;
e-3, constructing a comprehensive benefit evaluation model: the evaluation model includes three parts, the first part is a target layer: acquiring the comprehensive benefit of closing/abandonment mine transformation projects; the second part is the criteria layer: comprises an ecological benefit index, a social benefit index and an economic benefit index; the third part is a marker layer: the method comprises the steps of conserving water and soil, purifying water sources, purifying environment, expanding employment, improving urban image, improving development level, subsidy of government, income of entrance tickets and developing catering industry;
e-4, determining the index weight and the index benefit value: calculating the weight of each index layer by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, comparing each element in each layer pairwise to judge the relative importance of the elements, constructing a judgment matrix, determining the overall sequence of the relative importance of the evaluation indexes by calculation, and obtaining the benefit value of each index under three schemes by an questionnaire;
e-5, calculating comprehensive benefits: and multiplying the weight of the index layer by the index value to obtain a comprehensive benefit value of the transformation scheme, and selecting the scheme with the maximum comprehensive benefit value as a final transformation scheme for closing/abandoning the transformation of the mining area.
2. The transformation assessment method for closing/abandoning mines according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the field investigation ranges from coal mining, hydrogeology, land utilization, surface equipment and buildings, underground space, and the data collection comprises collecting raw mine data.
3. A transformation assessment method for closing/abandoning mines according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step b, the mine surface water resources comprise ponds, rivers, lakes, reservoirs in the mine area and its periphery;
mine land resources comprise abandoned land and collapsed land caused by mining; the waste land comprises a refuse dump, a waste rock pile and a tailing area; the collapsed land is divided into a basin area, a water accumulation area, a slope area and a crack area according to the land damage characteristics;
mining area industrial square resources comprise buildings, ground linear facilities and aboveground equipment; the ground linear facilities comprise mine railways, highways, electric power and communication lines; the aboveground equipment comprises a lifting winch, a motor, a ventilator, a blower, a transformer and a crown block;
the mine living area resources comprise welfare facilities, cultural and educational sanitary facilities and commercial and residential facilities, wherein the welfare facilities comprise canteens, bathrooms and boiler rooms, the cultural and educational sanitary facilities comprise clubs, employee reading rooms and mining hospitals, and the commercial and residential facilities comprise shops and employee dormitories.
4. A transformation assessment method for shut-down/abandoned mines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step b, mine groundwater resources comprise bottom sump water storage, goaf water accumulation, groundwater in the water system of the well field;
the residual coal resources comprise protective coal pillars at the boundary positions of a main roadway, a shaft, a working face, a fault and a well field;
the underground space resources of the mine comprise a shaft, a roadway, an underground chamber and a goaf;
underground equipment resources of the mine comprise mining equipment, transportation equipment, drainage equipment, power supply equipment, other pipelines, cables and communication equipment.
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