CN114048593A - Method for optimizing anchor net spraying support parameters of complex roadway - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a complex roadway anchor net spraying support parameter optimization method, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgical mine roadway support design optimization methods. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: firstly, testing and analyzing a surrounding rock looseness zone of a roadway; then, classifying the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to the analysis result, and respectively designing corresponding anchor-shotcrete supporting schemes according to the classification; secondly, inverting the rock mass mechanical parameters of the roadway surrounding rocks by adopting a golden section method to obtain surrounding rock mechanical parameters required by data simulation; optimizing the length of the anchor rod again to obtain the optimal length of the anchor rod; and finally, optimizing anchor rod row spacing parameters, and determining the anchor net spraying support scheme of the complex roadway in a classified manner. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pertinence and the rationality of the complicated broken roadway surrounding rock anchor net spraying support parameters are improved, the long-term stability and the reliability of the support effect are further guaranteed, and reference can be provided for the complicated broken stope mining roadway anchor net spraying support design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a complex roadway anchor net spraying support parameter optimization method, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgical mine roadway support design optimization methods.
Background
The stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is a key factor for guaranteeing safe and efficient production of mines. The most common most economical and effective support mode for underground roadway surrounding rock support of mines in China is anchor net spraying support, and the method mainly takes an anchor rod as a main body to control deformation and damage of the roadway surrounding rock and maintain stability of the surrounding rock. The theory and practice prove that the anchor rods are the main body of the anchor-shotcrete support and play a vital role in the whole support system, and the selection of the length and the row spacing of the anchor rods is a key factor for showing the support effect. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad make a great deal of research work on optimization of anchor net-blasting support parameters, wherein a tundra, polygala japonica and the like apply a roadway surrounding rock loosening zone theory to design of the length of an anchor rod, and the length of the anchor rod is larger than the range of the roadway surrounding rock loosening zone; wuyongping et al adopts finite element ANSYS two-dimensional value simulation to research anchor rod support parameters; and 5, determining bolting parameters of different lithologic roadways such as metal mines or coal mines by adopting FLAC3D three-dimensional numerical simulation in Kanghongpu, Zhang Fei and the like.
Although scholars at home and abroad do a lot of research work and make great progress on the aspects of roadway excavation deformation mechanism, anchor net spraying support parameter design optimization and the like, the support optimization basis and method are single and relatively independent. Meanwhile, the determination of rock mechanical parameters in the numerical simulation process is always a very troublesome problem, and the accuracy of parameter determination directly influences the precision and reliability of the calculation result. Regarding the determination of the calculation parameters of the numerical method, no matter the rock mechanical parameters determined by indoor tests or field in-situ tests have larger deviation with the actual rock parameters, and in addition, the influence of the heterogeneity, joints and cracks of the rock is not representative, and the test result is not representative. Although scholars have proposed various reduction methods, the determination of the reduction factor is difficult. The supporting effect is not ideal in the actual roadway supporting design, surrounding rocks are often subjected to roof caving, rib spalling, bottom heaving, sinking and the like, and a supporting body is also often subjected to cracking, spalling, extrusion or expansion deformation and the like. And the safe production of the mine cannot be effectively guided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a complex roadway anchor net spraying support parameter optimization method, which integrates the surrounding rock fracture development condition, the block body occlusion force and the size of a structural body according to the test result of a roadway surrounding rock loosening zone, classifies the stability of main roadway surrounding rocks, and designs corresponding anchor spraying support schemes respectively, so that the pertinence and the rationality of complex broken roadway surrounding rock anchor net spraying support parameters are improved, and the long-term stability and the reliability of a support effect are further ensured; according to an indoor rock mechanics test result obtained by field sampling, the surrounding rock mechanics parameters required by numerical simulation are obtained by inverting the rock mechanics parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting a golden section method, the problem that the deviation between the rock mechanics parameters determined by an indoor test or a field in-situ test is large is solved, the simulation result is more practical, reference can be provided for the anchor net jet support design of a mining roadway of a complex crushing stope, and the problems in the background technology are effectively solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a complex roadway anchor net spraying support parameter optimization method comprises the following steps:
firstly, testing and analyzing a loose circle of surrounding rock of a roadway, adopting a geological radar to test and analyze the loose circle of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosure, and mainly adopting two loose circle measuring schemes along the trend of the roadway and the section of the roadway in the analyzing process in order to improve the accuracy of a test result; analyzing radar oscillograms of all the sections to obtain the thickness range of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway of each section and the morphological distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway;
secondly, performing stability classification on surrounding rocks of the roadway, and according to the crack development condition of the surrounding rocks, the block body occlusion force strength and the size of a structural body, integrating surrounding rock loosening zone classification and metallurgical mine bolting-shotcrete support surrounding rock classification methods to classify the stability of the main surrounding rocks of the roadway to obtain the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the roadway; according to the classification, corresponding anchor-spraying support schemes are respectively designed so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of roadway support design;
thirdly, determining rock mechanical parameters required by numerical simulation, and inverting the rock mechanical parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting a golden section method according to indoor rock mechanical test results obtained by on-site sampling to obtain the surrounding rock mechanical parameters required by data simulation;
fourthly, optimizing the length of the anchor rod, integrating the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the roadway and the thickness range of the loosening zone of the surrounding rocks of the roadway, and respectively determining the length of the anchor rod for supporting each type of surrounding rocks;
fifthly, optimizing the row spacing between the anchor rods, namely firstly, respectively calculating the plastic area and deformation condition of the roadway surrounding rock with different row spacings according to the determined optimal length of the anchor rods by taking the experience spacing of the anchor rods of 700-900mm as a ration and the row spacing of the anchor rods as a variable, so as to determine the reasonable row spacing of the anchor rods; after the row spacing of the anchor rods is determined, the row spacing of the anchor rods in the roadway is set to be the determined optimal row spacing, the length of the anchor rods is the determined optimal length, the distance between the anchor rods is used as a variable, the deformation condition and the plastic area of the surrounding rock of the roadway with different distances are respectively calculated, the reasonable distance between the anchor rods is determined, and the anchor net spraying and supporting scheme of the complex roadway is determined in a classified mode.
In the third step, the rock mechanical parameters related to the numerical simulation comprise cohesive force c, internal friction angle phi and tensile strength
The inversion of the strength parameters is based on the range of a loose circle of surrounding rock tested on site, the inversion of the deformation parameters is based on the displacement and load detected by a ground pressure monitoring device on site, a strain softening model is used as a calculation criterion according to the actual engineering condition, a golden section iteration method is used for calculation, and rock mass mechanical parameters meeting the geological conditions of the underground tunnel are obtained after multiple calculations;
and substituting the rock mechanics parameters obtained by inversion into FLAC3D to carry out numerical simulation on the roadway looseness range and the roadway displacement and on-site actual measurement result comparison, wherein the results are basically consistent, so that the inversion method is feasible, the obtained inversion parameters are consistent with the on-site roadway surrounding rock actual conditions, and the surrounding rock mechanics parameters obtained by inversion by the method can be utilized to design and optimize the supporting scheme.
And in the fourth step, the length of each type of surrounding rock supporting anchor rod is respectively determined according to the following formula:
the length L of the anchor rod is the length L of the anchoring section of the anchor rod1Thickness L of the loosening ring2And anchor rod exposed length L3Three-part composition, i.e. L = L1+ L2+ L3
In the formula, L1Taking the length of the anchoring section of the anchor rod to be 0.3-0.5 m; l is2Taking the maximum value of the range of each lithologic loosening ring as the thickness of the loosening ring; l is3The exposed length of the anchor rod is 0.05-0.1 m.
In the fifth step, when the row spacing of the anchor rod crowd was arranged suitably, the scope of action of each anchor rod can overlap each other and connect and form a whole, can play better supporting effect, but reduce the anchor rod interval and must lead to the fact the anchor rod quantity to increase, cause economic cost to improve, after the anchor rod interval reduces to certain degree, the compressive stress district of anchor rod no longer increased moreover, and supporting effect also can not improve, so should classify according to country rock stability, carry out row spacing optimization between the anchor rod to every type of country rock respectively.
In the fifth step, in order to optimize the pitch parameters between the anchor rods and determine the reasonable pitch between the anchor rods, monitoring points are respectively arranged on the left upper, the right upper, the top and the bottom plate of the roadway, and the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway at each point is monitored; and extracting the volumes of the surrounding rock plastic zones with different properties and working conditions by using the measured deformation of the surrounding rock and rock mechanical parameters obtained by inversion through an FLAC3D built-in FISH language, then calculating the plastic zone area of each section, and jointly determining a reasonable row distance between the anchor rods according to the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the plastic zone area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the test result of the surrounding rock loosening zone of the roadway, the surrounding rock fracture development condition, the block body occlusion force strength and the size of a structural body are integrated, the stability of the main surrounding rock of the roadway is classified, and corresponding anchor-shotcrete supporting schemes are respectively designed, so that the pertinence and the rationality of anchor-shotcrete supporting parameters of the complicated broken surrounding rock of the roadway are improved, and the long-term stability and the reliability of the supporting effect are further guaranteed; according to the indoor rock mechanics test result obtained by on-site sampling, the surrounding rock mechanics parameters required by numerical simulation are obtained by inverting the rock mechanics parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting the golden section method, the problem that the deviation between the rock mechanics parameters determined by the indoor test or the on-site in-situ test is larger than the actual deviation is solved, the simulation result is more practical, and reference can be provided for the anchor net jet support design of the roadway for mining accuracy of a complex crushing stope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the positions of monitoring points in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a roadway support scheme in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a numerical simulation result of different anchor rod row spacing of class II skarn in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the numerical simulation results of the different anchor rod spacing for class II skarns in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings of the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a small part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
A complex roadway anchor net spraying support parameter optimization method comprises the following steps:
firstly, testing and analyzing a loose circle of surrounding rock of a roadway, adopting a geological radar to test and analyze the loose circle of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosure, and mainly adopting two loose circle measuring schemes along the trend of the roadway and the section of the roadway in the analyzing process in order to improve the accuracy of a test result; analyzing radar oscillograms of all the sections to obtain the thickness range of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway of each section and the morphological distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway;
secondly, performing stability classification on surrounding rocks of the roadway, and according to the crack development condition of the surrounding rocks, the block body occlusion force strength and the size of a structural body, integrating surrounding rock loosening zone classification and metallurgical mine bolting-shotcrete support surrounding rock classification methods to classify the stability of the main surrounding rocks of the roadway to obtain the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the roadway; according to the classification, corresponding anchor-spraying support schemes are respectively designed so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of roadway support design;
thirdly, determining rock mechanical parameters required by numerical simulation, and inverting the rock mechanical parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting a golden section method according to indoor rock mechanical test results obtained by on-site sampling to obtain the surrounding rock mechanical parameters required by data simulation;
fourthly, optimizing the length of the anchor rod, integrating the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the roadway and the thickness range of the loosening zone of the surrounding rocks of the roadway, and respectively determining the length of the anchor rod for supporting each type of surrounding rocks;
fifthly, optimizing the row spacing between the anchor rods, namely firstly, respectively calculating the plastic area and deformation condition of the roadway surrounding rock with different row spacings according to the determined optimal length of the anchor rods by taking the experience spacing of the anchor rods of 700-900mm as a ration and the row spacing of the anchor rods as a variable, so as to determine the reasonable row spacing of the anchor rods; after the row spacing of the anchor rods is determined, the row spacing of the anchor rods in the roadway is set to be the determined optimal row spacing, the length of the anchor rods is the determined optimal length, the distance between the anchor rods is used as a variable, the deformation condition and the plastic area of the surrounding rock of the roadway with different distances are respectively calculated, the reasonable distance between the anchor rods is determined, and the anchor net spraying and supporting scheme of the complex roadway is determined in a classified mode.
In the third step, the rock mechanical parameters related to the numerical simulation comprise cohesive force c, internal friction angle phi and tensile strength
The inversion of the strength parameters is based on the range of a loose circle of surrounding rock tested on site, the inversion of the deformation parameters is based on the displacement and load detected by a ground pressure monitoring device on site, a strain softening model is used as a calculation criterion according to the actual engineering condition, a golden section iteration method is used for calculation, and rock mass mechanical parameters meeting the geological conditions of the underground tunnel are obtained after multiple calculations;
and substituting the rock mechanics parameters obtained by inversion into FLAC3D to carry out numerical simulation on the roadway looseness range and the roadway displacement and on-site actual measurement result comparison, wherein the results are basically consistent, so that the inversion method is feasible, the obtained inversion parameters are consistent with the on-site roadway surrounding rock actual conditions, and the surrounding rock mechanics parameters obtained by inversion by the method can be utilized to design and optimize the supporting scheme.
And in the fourth step, the length of each type of surrounding rock supporting anchor rod is respectively determined according to the following formula:
the length L of the anchor rod is the length L of the anchoring section of the anchor rod1Thickness L of the loosening ring2And exposed length of anchor rodL3Three-part composition, i.e. L = L1+ L2+ L3
In the formula, L1Taking the length of the anchoring section of the anchor rod to be 0.3-0.5 m; l is2Taking the maximum value of the range of each lithologic loosening ring as the thickness of the loosening ring; l is3The exposed length of the anchor rod is 0.05-0.1 m.
In the fifth step, when the row spacing of the anchor rod crowd was arranged suitably, the scope of action of each anchor rod can overlap each other and connect and form a whole, can play better supporting effect, but reduce the anchor rod interval and must lead to the fact the anchor rod quantity to increase, cause economic cost to improve, after the anchor rod interval reduces to certain degree, the compressive stress district of anchor rod no longer increased moreover, and supporting effect also can not improve, so should classify according to country rock stability, carry out row spacing optimization between the anchor rod to every type of country rock respectively.
In the fifth step, in order to optimize the pitch parameters between the anchor rods and determine the reasonable pitch between the anchor rods, monitoring points are respectively arranged on the left upper, the right upper, the top and the bottom plate of the roadway, and the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway at each point is monitored; and extracting the volumes of the surrounding rock plastic zones with different properties and working conditions by using the measured deformation of the surrounding rock and rock mechanical parameters obtained by inversion through an FLAC3D built-in FISH language, then calculating the plastic zone area of each section, and jointly determining a reasonable row distance between the anchor rods according to the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the plastic zone area.
Example (b):
the underground-260 m horizontal surrounding rock of certain iron ore mainly comprises skarn, the depth of a roadway is 483 m, the conventional supporting mode mainly comprises anchor net spraying supporting, a common anchor rod is deformed steel with the diameter of 20mm, the length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, the mesh degree is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, and the mesh weaving adopts round steel with the diameter of 6.5mm and the mesh degree is 100mm multiplied by 100 mm. Before construction of the anchor rod, the original spraying is carried out for 3cm, the supplementary spraying is carried out for 7cm after the net is hung, and the properties of surrounding rocks are slightly adjusted according to different differences.
On-site investigation shows that the supporting effect is not ideal, surrounding rocks are often subjected to roof caving, rib caving, heaving, sinking and the like, supporting bodies are also often subjected to cracking, falling, extrusion or expansion deformation and the like, and multiple roadways need secondary supporting. The normal production of the mine is seriously influenced, and the back repair cost of the support is increased. Therefore, the method is adopted to carry out the optimization design of the anchor net spraying support parameters of the complex broken roadway.
(1) Firstly, testing and analyzing a surrounding rock looseness zone of the roadway. According to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosures, a typical section roadway is selected in the middle section of-260 m, and a roadway loose circle is tested and analyzed by adopting an Italy FASTWAVE high-precision ground penetrating radar, wherein the roadway is in a three-heart arch shape and has the size of 3.9 m multiplied by 3.8 m. In order to improve the accuracy of the test result, two looseness test schemes of the roadway direction and the roadway section are adopted in the analysis process; and analyzing the radar oscillograms of all the sections to obtain the thickness range of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway of each section and the form distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway.
(2) And secondly, grading the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway. According to the thickness range of the surrounding rock loosening zone of the measured section, the surrounding rock fracture development condition, the block body occlusion force strength and the size of the structural body, the surrounding rock loosening zone classification and the metallurgical mine bolting-shotcrete support surrounding rock classification methods are integrated, the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway is classified, and the stability classification of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the measured section is obtained and is shown in table 1; and respectively designing corresponding anchor-shotcrete supporting schemes according to the classification so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of roadway supporting design.
TABLE 1 stability classification chart for surrounding rock of certain roadway
(3) And thirdly, determining rock mass mechanical parameters required by numerical simulation. And according to the indoor rock mechanics test result obtained by on-site sampling, inverting the rock mechanics parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting a golden section method to obtain the surrounding rock mechanics parameters required by numerical simulation.
The rock mechanics parameters involved in numerical simulation include cohesive force c, internal friction angle phi and tensile strength
Equal strength parameters, elastic modulus E, Poisson ratio mu and other deformation parameters. The inversion of the strength parameters is based on the field test of the loose circle range and deformation of the surrounding rockAnd the parameter inversion is based on the displacement and load detected by the on-site ground pressure monitoring equipment. And (3) taking the strain softening model as a calculation criterion according to the actual engineering condition, calculating by using a golden section iteration method, and obtaining rock mass mechanical parameters meeting the geological conditions of the underground roadway after multiple calculations, wherein the rock mass mechanical parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 inversion results of rock mechanics parameters
And substituting the inverted surrounding rock mechanical parameters into FLAC3D to carry out numerical simulation on the roadway loosening range, the roadway displacement and the on-site actual measurement result, wherein the numerical simulation roadway loosening range and the roadway displacement are basically consistent, the inversion method is feasible, the obtained inversion parameters are consistent with the on-site roadway surrounding rock actual conditions, and the surrounding rock parameters obtained by inversion by the method can be utilized to design and optimize the supporting scheme.
(4) And fourthly, optimizing the length of the anchor rod. The method comprises the following steps of (1) respectively determining the optimal length of each type of surrounding rock supporting anchor rod according to the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel and the thickness range of the loosening zone of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel:
the length L of the anchor rod is the length L of the anchoring section of the anchor rod1Thickness L of the loosening ring2And anchor rod exposed length L3Three-part composition, i.e. L = L1+ L2+ L3 （1）
In the formula, L1 Taking 0.5m as the length of the anchor rod anchoring section; l is2Taking the maximum value of the range of each lithologic loosening ring as the thickness of the loosening ring; l is3The exposed length of the anchor rod is 0.1 m.
The optimum anchor rod lengths of the type I skarn, the type II skarn and the type III skarn are determined to be 2.4m, 2.8m and 3.2m respectively.
(5) And fifthly, optimizing the row spacing between the anchor rods. Firstly, according to the determined optimal length of the anchor rod, taking the empirical distance of the anchor rod as a ration and the row spacing of the anchor rod as a variable, respectively calculating the plastic area and the deformation condition of the roadway surrounding rock with different row spacings to determine the reasonable row spacing of the anchor rod; after the anchor rod row spacing is determined, the roadway anchor rod row spacing is set to be the determined optimal row spacing, the anchor rod length is the determined optimal length, the anchor rod spacing is used as a variable, and roadway surrounding rock deformation conditions and plastic zone areas with different spacing are respectively calculated to determine the reasonable spacing of the anchor rods.
In the fifth step, when the row spacing of the anchor rod groups is properly arranged, the action ranges of the anchor rods can be overlapped and connected with each other to form a whole, and a better supporting effect can be achieved. But reducing the stock interval and necessarily causing stock quantity to increase, cause economic cost to improve, after the interval of stock reduces to certain degree moreover, the compressive stress district of stock no longer increases, and the effect of strutting can not improve yet. Therefore, the arrangement distance between anchor rods is optimized for each type of surrounding rock according to the stability classification of the surrounding rock.
In the fifth step, in order to optimize the pitch parameters between the anchor rods and determine reasonable pitch between the anchor rods, monitoring points are respectively arranged on the left upper, the right upper, the top and the bottom plate of the roadway, and the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway at each point is monitored; and extracting the volumes of the surrounding rock plastic zones with different properties and working conditions by using the measured deformation of the surrounding rock and rock mechanical parameters obtained by inversion through an FLAC3D built-in FISH language, then calculating the plastic zone area of each section, and jointly determining a reasonable row distance between the anchor rods according to the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the plastic zone area.
Firstly, optimizing the row spacing of the anchor rods. Taking class II skarn as an example, numerical simulation analysis is performed on the row spacing of the anchor rods. When the lithology of the surrounding rock is class II skarn, the numerical simulation result of the relationship between the anchor rod row spacing and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the area of the plastic zone is shown in the table 3 and the figure 4. The comprehensive consideration of construction conditions, supporting cost and surrounding rock control effect can determine that the selection of the anchor rod row spacing of 800mm is most suitable when the type II skarn surrounding rock roadway is supported. Similarly, the row spacing of the I type skarn roadway support anchor rods is determined to be 1000mm, and the row spacing of the III type skarn roadway support anchor rods is determined to be 800 mm.
TABLE 3 simulation results of row spacing values of different types of skarns
Anchor spacing optimization is then performed. Taking class II skarns as an example, numerical simulation analysis is performed on the anchor rod spacing. When the lithology of the surrounding rock is class II skarn, the numerical simulation result of the relationship between the anchor rod spacing and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the plastic area is shown in the table 4 and the figure 5. The comprehensive consideration of construction conditions, supporting cost and surrounding rock control effect can determine that the roadway support is most suitable when the distance between anchor rods is 800mm during the supporting of the type II skarn surrounding rock roadway. Similarly, the distance between the anchor rods of the I type skarn surrounding rock roadway support is determined to be 1000mm, and the distance between the anchor rods of the III type skarn roadway support is determined to be 800 mm.
TABLE 4 type II skarn anchor bolt distance and roadway surrounding rock deformation relationship
Finally determining the anchor net spraying support scheme of the 3-type skarn roadway. Type I skarn roadway: carrying out anchor net spraying support, wherein the diameter of an anchor rod is 20mm, the length is 2.4m, the spacing is 1000mm multiplied by 1000mm, a metal net with the diameter of 6mm and the mesh degree of 100mm multiplied by 100mm is selected for net hanging, and the guniting thickness is 100 mm; type II skarn roadways: carrying out anchor net spraying support, wherein the diameter of an anchor rod is 20mm, the length is 2.8m, the spacing is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, a metal net with the diameter of 6mm and the mesh degree of 100mm multiplied by 100mm is selected for net hanging, and the thickness of guniting is 120 mm; type iii skarn roadways: the anchor net is used for spraying and supporting, the diameter of an anchor rod is 20mm, the length is 3.2m, the spacing is 800mm multiplied by 800mm, a metal net with the diameter of 6mm and the mesh degree of 100mm multiplied by 100mm is selected for carrying out the net hanging process, and the guniting thickness is 150 mm.
According to the method, the surrounding rock fracture development condition, the block body occlusion force and the size of the structural body are integrated according to the test result of the surrounding rock loosening zone of the roadway, the stability of the main surrounding rock of the roadway is classified, the corresponding anchor-shotcrete supporting scheme is designed in a classified mode, and the pertinence and the effectiveness of the roadway supporting design are improved. According to the indoor rock mechanics test result obtained by field sampling, the surrounding rock mechanics parameters required by numerical simulation are obtained by inverting the rock mechanics parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting the golden section method, the problem that the deviation between the rock mechanics parameters determined by the indoor test or the field in-situ test and the actual is large is solved, and the simulation result is guaranteed to be more practical. The method for optimizing and designing the complicated roadway surrounding rock anchor net spraying support parameters is further improved, and pertinence and rationality of the complicated broken roadway surrounding rock anchor net spraying support parameters are improved. Practice proves that the optimized protective effect is stable and reliable. The method can provide reference for the anchor net spraying support design of the stope roadway of the complex crushing stope.
Claims (5)
1. A complex roadway anchor net spraying support parameter optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, testing and analyzing a loose circle of surrounding rock of a roadway, adopting a geological radar to test and analyze the loose circle of the surrounding rock of the roadway according to engineering geological data and engineering practice disclosure, and mainly adopting two loose circle measuring schemes along the trend of the roadway and the section of the roadway in the analyzing process in order to improve the accuracy of a test result; analyzing radar oscillograms of all the sections to obtain the thickness range of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway of each section and the morphological distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock looseness area of the roadway;
secondly, performing stability classification on surrounding rocks of the roadway, and according to the crack development condition of the surrounding rocks, the block body occlusion force strength and the size of a structural body, integrating surrounding rock loosening zone classification and metallurgical mine bolting-shotcrete support surrounding rock classification methods to classify the stability of the main surrounding rocks of the roadway to obtain the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the roadway; according to the classification, corresponding anchor-spraying support schemes are respectively designed so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of roadway support design;
thirdly, determining rock mechanical parameters required by numerical simulation, and inverting the rock mechanical parameters of the roadway surrounding rock by adopting a golden section method according to indoor rock mechanical test results obtained by on-site sampling to obtain the surrounding rock mechanical parameters required by data simulation;
fourthly, optimizing the length of the anchor rod, integrating the stability classification of the surrounding rocks of the roadway and the thickness range of the loosening zone of the surrounding rocks of the roadway, and respectively determining the length of the anchor rod for supporting each type of surrounding rocks;
fifthly, optimizing the row spacing between the anchor rods, namely firstly, respectively calculating the plastic area and deformation condition of the roadway surrounding rock with different row spacings according to the determined optimal length of the anchor rods by taking the experience spacing of the anchor rods of 700-900mm as a ration and the row spacing of the anchor rods as a variable, so as to determine the reasonable row spacing of the anchor rods; after the row spacing of the anchor rods is determined, the row spacing of the anchor rods in the roadway is set to be the determined optimal row spacing, the length of the anchor rods is the determined optimal length, the distance between the anchor rods is used as a variable, the deformation condition and the plastic area of the surrounding rock of the roadway with different distances are respectively calculated, the reasonable distance between the anchor rods is determined, and the anchor net spraying and supporting scheme of the complex roadway is determined in a classified mode.
2. The method for optimizing the anchor net-shotcrete support parameters of the complex roadway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the rock mechanical parameters related to the numerical simulation comprise cohesive force c, internal friction angle phi and tensile strength
The inversion of the strength parameters is based on the range of a loose circle of surrounding rock tested on site, the inversion of the deformation parameters is based on the displacement and load detected by a ground pressure monitoring device on site, a strain softening model is used as a calculation criterion according to the actual engineering condition, a golden section iteration method is used for calculation, and rock mass mechanical parameters meeting the geological conditions of the underground tunnel are obtained after multiple calculations;
and substituting the rock mechanics parameters obtained by inversion into FLAC3D to carry out numerical simulation on the roadway looseness range and the roadway displacement and on-site actual measurement result comparison, wherein the results are basically consistent, so that the inversion method is feasible, the obtained inversion parameters are consistent with the on-site roadway surrounding rock actual conditions, and the surrounding rock mechanics parameters obtained by inversion by the method can be utilized to design and optimize the supporting scheme.
3. The method for optimizing the anchor net-shotcrete support parameters of the complex roadway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fourth step, the length of each type of surrounding rock supporting anchor rod is respectively determined according to the following formula:
the length L of the anchor rod is the length L of the anchoring section of the anchor rod1Thickness L of the loosening ring2And anchor rod exposed length L3Three parts, namely L =L1+ L2+ L3
In the formula, L1Taking the length of the anchoring section of the anchor rod to be 0.3-0.5 m; l is2Taking the maximum value of the range of each lithologic loosening ring as the thickness of the loosening ring; l is3The exposed length of the anchor rod is 0.05-0.1 m.
4. The method for optimizing the anchor net-shotcrete support parameters of the complex roadway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, when the row spacing of the anchor rod crowd was arranged suitably, the scope of action of each anchor rod can overlap each other and connect and form a whole, can play better supporting effect, but reduce the anchor rod interval and must lead to the fact the anchor rod quantity to increase, cause economic cost to improve, after the anchor rod interval reduces to certain degree, the compressive stress district of anchor rod no longer increased moreover, and supporting effect also can not improve, so should classify according to country rock stability, carry out row spacing optimization between the anchor rod to every type of country rock respectively.
5. The method for optimizing the anchor net-shotcrete support parameters of the complex roadway according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fifth step, in order to optimize the pitch parameters between the anchor rods and determine the reasonable pitch between the anchor rods, monitoring points are respectively arranged on the left upper, the right upper, the top and the bottom plate of the roadway, and the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway at each point is monitored; and extracting the volumes of the surrounding rock plastic zones with different properties and working conditions by using the measured deformation of the surrounding rock and rock mechanical parameters obtained by inversion through an FLAC3D built-in FISH language, then calculating the plastic zone area of each section, and jointly determining a reasonable row distance between the anchor rods according to the deformation condition of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the plastic zone area.
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