CN114047160B - Second harmonic threading peak searching method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a second harmonic threading peak searching method, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out equal interval segmentation on harmonic data among cells, judging the harmonic data among each cell by utilizing a standard deviation threshold value, and filtering invalid fragments to obtain valid harmonic fragments; calculating a transverse threading position by using the mean value and standard deviation of the effective fragments, determining threading points of transverse threading and second harmonic by combining a region mean difference method, and particularly dividing the upper threading point and the lower threading point according to threading modes; determining the interval of single harmonic according to each threading point, and searching the peak value and the peak value of the single harmonic in the interval; and (5) carrying out averaging on the peak-to-peak values of all waves, and obtaining the second harmonic peak-to-peak value representing the concentration of the bottle. Compared with the related art, the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention can be applied to different sampling rates and sampling times, has stronger anti-noise capability and adaptability, is simple to calculate and has less resource occupation, and can be applied to embedded equipment of a production line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas detection, and particularly relates to a second harmonic threading peak searching method which is used for searching a second harmonic effective wave band and calculating harmonic average peak value. The second harmonic peak-to-peak value is used for representing the oxygen concentration in the glass bottle.
Background
In the pharmaceutical industry, wavelength modulation spectroscopy (wavelength modulation spectroscopy, WMS) technology has been applied internationally by companies such as light output, bei Weidi, italy, and the like in the united states to detect oxygen concentration in sealed glass vials.
Currently, most concentration inversion methods select a second harmonic group with a certain length of time window for concentration inversion. However, due to the influence of optical noise, system instrument noise, nonlinear intensity modulation, random temperature and humidity of free space and the like caused by the glass bottle wall, background fluctuation exists in the second harmonic signal extracted by the WMS technology, so that the accuracy and stability of concentration measurement are influenced. Meanwhile, in an actual production line, due to the fact that accuracy and stability of movement of the mechanical device are insufficient when the glass medicine bottle is conveyed, the fact that laser can be entirely shot into the receiver when the glass medicine bottle rotates in the light inspection machine cannot be guaranteed, and the phenomenon of deviation occasionally occurs.
The two difficulties above appear in the second harmonic as: each wavelet amplitude in a group of second harmonic waves captured by a single bottle is different and has small deviation; there is a wave loss phenomenon or an incomplete ineffective waveform that is too short. The sporadic phenomenon is difficult to solve by a traditional filtering method, and the failure of a second harmonic concentration inversion algorithm is caused.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a second harmonic threading peak searching method which does not depend on priori knowledge, can filter out invalid wave bands, can accurately position each wavelet from the valid wave bands, and can extract the peak value of the second harmonic peak to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a second harmonic threading peak searching method which does not depend on priori knowledge, can filter out invalid wave bands, can accurately position all wavelets from the valid wave bands and can extract second harmonic peak-to-peak values.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a second harmonic threading peak searching method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing the second harmonic data between cells and solving the standard deviation of the cells, and setting a standard deviation threshold T to filter invalid parts of waveforms;
s2: the value of the transverse line CL is calculated according to the average value AVER and the standard deviation STD of the effective harmonic data, and the evaluation formula is as follows:
CL＝AVER-STD*a
wherein a is an empirical parameter, and the value of a is required to ensure that the transverse line CL passes through the middle-upper part of each second harmonic and is not contacted with a small peak;
s3: traversing from the first point of the effective data to the back, and searching a first downward threading point as a starting point of a peak searching algorithm;
s4: the first downward threading point FD is taken as a starting point of a wave, the middle upward threading point MR and the second downward threading point SD of the wave are searched backwards, and the three threading points are taken as description points of the wave;
s5: searching the minimum value of the right half section of the section formed by the FD and the MR as a first valley value, and taking the maximum value of the section still at the left side of the first valley value as the starting point of the local wave; the maximum value of the MR and SD constitution interval is taken as the peak value; taking the minimum value in the interval with the SD ranging to the right of (MR-FD)/2 as a second valley value, taking the SD+ (MR-FD)/2 locus as the end point of the wave, solving the difference between the maximum value and the average value of the two valleys as the peak-to-peak value of the wave, recording the start point and the end point of the wave, and adding one to the record of the effective wave number;
s6: finding the MR point of the new wave to the right at the end point of the present wave, and taking the SD point of the present wave as the FD point of the new wave; repeating the step S5 and the step S6 until any description point of the new wave cannot be found;
s7: after the peak-to-peak values of all waves are obtained, the minimum value and the maximum value are removed, and the average value of the residual values is taken.
Preferably, in step S2, the value of the empirical parameter a is 2/3.
Preferably, in step S3, the downward threading point is determined by a region mean difference method; setting the current search point as i, data [ i ] as the numerical value of the point, solving the average value of the point in the previous r point intervals and the average value of the point in the later r point intervals, and determining whether the point is a threading point or not through the difference value of the two average values and CL; if the point is a downward threading point, the formula should be satisfied:
Aver(data[i-r]，r)-CL>0and Aver(data[i]，r)–CL<0
if the point is an upward threading point, the formula should be satisfied:
Aver(data[i-r]，r)-CL<0and Aver(data[i]，r)–CL>0
in the two formulas, aver is a function for solving the average value, the first parameter input by Aver is a first point of a solving average value interval, the second parameter is a size of the solving average value interval, and if the current point i is less than r points forwards or backwards, the insufficient part is replaced by a CL value.
Preferably, when the number of points occupied by a single wave in the second harmonic data collected in a single glass bottle is [450,550], the value range of r is [20,30].
Preferably, the target gas in the glass bottle is oxygen, and the glass bottle is a glass medicine bottle.
Preferably, when the second harmonic amplitude is 200 or more, the standard deviation threshold T is [30,50].
In summary, compared with the prior art, the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention effectively solves the problem of ineffective harmonic fragments caused by occasional laser deviation due to insufficient precision and stability of mechanical device movement when a medicine bottle is transmitted by using a section standard deviation threshold value filtering method; the steps of traversing threading and traversing fixed wave peak searching are provided by utilizing the statistical characteristics and morphological characteristics of the second harmonic, so that the method is suitable for non-ideal second harmonic under various adoption rates and various amplitudes, dependence on priori knowledge of a production line can be further reduced, the noise resistance and accuracy of an algorithm are enhanced by the operation of removing extremum from a plurality of peak values and averaging, and the method has strong adaptability on an actual production line; the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, strong instantaneity, small occupied memory space, suitability for running on embedded equipment with limited resources and operation speed, and capability of meeting the actual production line requirement; meanwhile, the universality of the steps of filtering and fixing the dead waves is strong, and the method can be used for enhancing other traditional concentration detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart diagram of a second harmonic threading peak finding method provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second harmonic data interval segmentation of the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of filtering an invalid wave and drawing a transverse line by applying a standard deviation threshold in the second harmonic line threading peak searching method provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of three threading description points of the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the final processing result of the second harmonic threading peak finding method provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of another experimental example of the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of another experimental example of the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of another experimental example of the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following experimental examples and examples serve to further illustrate but not limit the invention.
The invention provides a second harmonic threading peak searching method which is used for detecting the concentration of target gas in a glass bottle. The algorithm is used for representing the second harmonic of the gas concentration in the glass bottle, and can filter invalid harmonic fragments, namely capture valid waves and calculate average peak-to-peak values. In the present embodiment, the detection is mainly performed on a glass vial in which the target gas is oxygen.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5 in combination, the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
s1: the second harmonic data is divided into cells and the standard deviation of the cells is obtained, and a standard deviation threshold T is set to filter the invalid portion of the waveform. In the step, the harmonic data among each cell is judged by using a standard deviation threshold value, so that an effective harmonic segment is obtained after an ineffective segment is filtered.
Wherein the ineffective portion is generally caused by the fact that the mechanical device moves with insufficient precision and stability when the medicine bottle is conveyed, so that the laser is occasionally biased. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of section division of harmonic data, and fig. 3 is a diagram of effective harmonic data after filtering of an ineffective wave.
S2: the value of the Cross Line, hereinafter referred to as CL, is determined from the mean value AVER and standard deviation STD of the effective harmonic data. The evaluation formula is as follows:
CL＝AVER-STD*a
where a is an empirical parameter, the transverse line passes right through the middle-upper portion of each second harmonic and is not in contact with the small peak. The cross threading is visualized as shown in fig. 3.
S3: traversing from the first point of the effective data to the back, and searching the first downward threading point as the starting point of the peak searching algorithm.
The downward threading point is determined by a region mean difference method, specifically, the current searching point is i, data [ i ] is taken as the numerical value of the point, the mean value of the point in the r forward point intervals and the mean value of the point in the r backward point intervals are calculated, and whether the point is the threading point is determined by the difference value of the two mean values and CL. If the point is a downward threading point, the formula should be satisfied:
Aver(data[i-r]，r)-CL>0and Aver(data[i]，r)–CL<0
if the point is an upward threading point, the formula should be satisfied:
Aver(data[i-r]，r)-CL<0and Aver(data[i]，r)–CL>0
aver in the two formulas is a function for solving the average value, the first parameter input by Aver is a first point of a solving interval of the average value, and the second parameter is the size of the solving interval of the average value. The preferred mean interval r=20 in the present invention, and in other possible embodiments, the r value is set according to the actual production requirement. In this embodiment, the point interval of the single second harmonic is [450,550]. If the current point i is less than r points forward or backward, the insufficient portion is replaced with the value of CL.
S4: the first downward threading point is used as a starting point of a wave, the middle upward threading point and the second downward threading point of the wave are searched backwards, and the three threading points are used as description points of the wave. Let First Down point be First Down (FD), intermediate up point Middle Rise (MR), second Down point Second Down (SD). Fig. 4 is an example of labeling of three description points.
S5: searching the minimum value of the right half part of the section formed by FD and MR as a first valley value, and the maximum value of the left side of the first valley value still in the right half part as a starting point of the wave; the maximum value of the MR and SD constitution interval is taken as the peak value; the minimum value in the interval of SD right range (MR-FD)/2 is taken as a second valley value, and the SD+ (MR-FD)/2 locus is taken as the end point of the present wave; and solving the difference between the maximum value and the average value of the two valleys to serve as the peak-to-peak value of the wave, recording the starting point and the ending point of the wave, and adding one to the record of the effective wave number.
S6: taking the SD of the present wave as the FD of the new wave, finding the MR point of the new wave to the right at the ending point of the present wave. The rightward traversal operation of the loop S5, S6. When the MR or SD point of the new wave cannot be found or the SD point of the new wave goes to the right (MR-FD)/2 points are beyond the data index range, the cycle ends.
S7: after the peak-to-peak values of all waves are obtained, the minimum value and the maximum value are removed, and the average value of the residual values is taken. The final found useful wave and the final peak-to-peak value are shown in fig. 5. Five intervals (1) to (5) formed by vertical dotted lines are five effective second harmonics. It can be seen that a complete and effective wave has more pronounced intermediate peaks and left and right valleys, with the left and right valleys being more closely spaced. The interval X is an incomplete wave, lacks a right valley, and satisfies MR and SD points, but the SD points go right (MR-FD)/2 points beyond the data index range, and thus is not determined as a valid wave. The invention mainly utilizes the statistical rule and morphological characteristics of the second harmonic, can be applied under different sampling rates and sampling times, and has stronger noise immunity by the operation of extremum removal and averaging.
The invention provides interval segmentation and filters invalid wave bands by using a standard deviation threshold method based on the working condition that invalid segments in second harmonic captured in an actual production line are caused by occasional laser deflection due to insufficient accuracy and stability of mechanical device movement during medicine bottle transmission, namely, the invalid segments are straight lines with very small standard deviation. And then based on the two-dimensional visualization form of the second harmonic, the form characteristic of alternating size peaks and the included statistical rule, and the average value and standard deviation of the effective wave band are used for calculating the transverse threading. And traversing the data points from left to right according to the time sequence, and determining threading points by combining a region mean difference method. Wave localization and peak-to-peak calculation were performed by three threading points FD, MR, SD. After one pass of all the effective data is completed, the peak-to-peak value of all the waves can be obtained, and after the maximum and minimum values of all the peak-to-peak values are removed and the average value is obtained, the second harmonic peak-to-peak value representing the oxygen concentration in the glass bottle can be obtained.
Meanwhile, in order to verify the reliability of the invention, three other sets of second harmonic data are used for algorithm verification.
The results are shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, wherein the effective wave intervals are indicated by numbers such as (1), (2) and (3). The meaning of the "first downward threading point as the starting point of the peak searching algorithm" in step S3 is further described with reference to fig. 6, 7 and 8. The interval X in fig. 6, 7, 8 is the band before the peak finding algorithm starts, i.e. the band before the first down-threading point. It can be seen that the interval X in fig. 7 and 8 contains a second harmonic which can be considered as effective, while fig. 6 contains two nulling waves: the first invalid wave is too short, no left Gu Ju and no intersection point of the transverse threading exist, the left Gu Shou of the second invalid wave has serious distortion caused by the first invalid wave, and the left valley difference and the right valley difference are too large, so that the second harmonic wave cannot be regarded as stable second harmonic wave. In practice, the probability of the first second harmonic of the equipment acquisition being stable and unstable is quite high in the practical production line. While the latter several second harmonics are usually stable. Since a time window can collect a large number of second harmonics, the influence of the first second harmonic becomes very small. Therefore, the practical meaning of taking the first downward threading point as the peak searching starting point is to sacrifice the first unstable second harmonic so as to ensure that the second harmonic which is subsequently participated in algorithm processing is stable, thereby improving the overall accuracy of the algorithm.
The second harmonic value has no objective standard value, and whether the wave is effective or not can only be judged manually. As can be seen from fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the effective wave captured by the present invention and the calculated peak-to-peak value are almost the same as the manually judged effective wave number and peak-to-peak value, which proves the reliability of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention effectively solves the problem of ineffective harmonic fragments caused by occasional laser deviation due to insufficient precision and stability of mechanical device movement when a medicine bottle is transmitted by utilizing a section standard deviation threshold value filtering method; the steps of traversing threading and traversing fixed wave peak searching are provided by utilizing the statistical characteristics and morphological characteristics of the second harmonic, so that the method is suitable for non-ideal second harmonic under various adoption rates and various amplitudes, dependence on priori knowledge of a production line can be further reduced, the noise resistance and accuracy of an algorithm are enhanced by the operation of removing extremum from a plurality of peak values and averaging, and the method has strong adaptability on an actual production line; the second harmonic threading peak searching method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, strong instantaneity, small occupied memory space, suitability for running on embedded equipment with limited resources and operation speed, and capability of meeting the actual production line requirement; meanwhile, the universality of the steps of filtering and fixing the dead waves is strong, and the method can be used for enhancing other traditional concentration detection.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that numerous improvements and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The second harmonic threading peak searching method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: dividing the second harmonic data between cells and solving the standard deviation of the cells, and setting a standard deviation threshold T to filter invalid parts of waveforms;
s2: the value of the transverse line CL is calculated according to the average value AVER and the standard deviation STD of the effective harmonic data, and the evaluation formula is as follows:
CL＝AVER-STD*a
wherein a is an empirical parameter, and the value of a is required to ensure that the transverse line CL passes through the middle-upper part of each second harmonic and is not contacted with a small peak;
s3: traversing from the first point of the effective data to the back, and searching a first downward threading point as a starting point of a peak searching algorithm;
s4: the first downward threading point FD is taken as a starting point of a wave, the middle upward threading point MR and the second downward threading point SD of the wave are searched backwards, and the three threading points are taken as description points of the wave;
s5: searching the minimum value of the right half section of the section formed by the FD and the MR as a first valley value, and taking the maximum value of the section still at the left side of the first valley value as the starting point of the local wave; the maximum value of the MR and SD constitution interval is taken as the peak value; taking the minimum value in the interval with the SD ranging to the right of (MR-FD)/2 as a second valley value, taking the SD+ (MR-FD)/2 locus as the end point of the wave, solving the difference between the maximum value and the average value of the two valleys as the peak-to-peak value of the wave, recording the start point and the end point of the wave, and adding one to the record of the effective wave number;
s6: finding the MR point of the new wave to the right at the end point of the present wave, and taking the SD point of the present wave as the FD point of the new wave; repeating the step S5 and the step S6 until any description point of the new wave cannot be found;
s7: after the peak-to-peak values of all waves are obtained, the minimum value and the maximum value are removed, and the average value of the residual values is taken; in the step S2, the value of the experience parameter a is 2/3; the downward threading point is determined by a region mean difference method; setting the current search point as i, data [ i ] as the numerical value of the point, solving the average value of the point in the previous r point intervals and the average value of the point in the later r point intervals, and determining whether the point is a threading point or not through the difference value of the two average values and CL; if the point is a downward threading point, the formula should be satisfied:
Aver(data[i-r]，r)-CL＞0 and Aver(data[i]，r)-CL＜0
if the point is an upward threading point, the formula should be satisfied:
Aver(data[i-r]，r)-CL＜0 and Aver(data[i]，r)-CL＞0
in the two formulas, aver is a function for solving the average value, the first parameter input by Aver is a first point of a solving average value interval, the second parameter is a size of the solving average value interval, and if the current point i is less than r points forwards or backwards, the insufficient part is replaced by a CL value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein r ranges from [20,30] when the number of points occupied by a single wave in the second harmonic data collected in a single glass vial is [450,550].
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the target gas in the vial is oxygen and the vial is a glass vial.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the standard deviation threshold T is [30,50] when the second harmonic amplitude is 200 or more.
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| CN107643252B (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2020-02-04 | 中南大学 | Real-time background-deduction nonlinear correction method for WMS detection of oxygen concentration in bottle |
| CN108051018A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 北京卫星信息工程研究所 | Distributed fiber grating transducing signal peak-seeking control system based on FPGA |
| CN109100325B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2020-12-25 | 东南大学 | Gas concentration measuring method based on spectral absorption rate second harmonic feature extraction |
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