CN114046921A - Residual stress measuring device and method - Google Patents
Residual stress measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114046921A CN114046921A CN202111352874.XA CN202111352874A CN114046921A CN 114046921 A CN114046921 A CN 114046921A CN 202111352874 A CN202111352874 A CN 202111352874A CN 114046921 A CN114046921 A CN 114046921A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring residual stress, which comprises a fixed supporting leg assembly, a rotating platform assembly, a drilling assembly platform, a drilling assembly, a height adjusting assembly and an image acquisition assembly, wherein the fixed supporting leg assembly comprises a base, a rotating shaft and a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the base, the height adjusting assembly comprises a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the rotating shaft through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the rotating shaft through a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the rotating shaft through a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the rotating shaft, the rotating: the rotary platform assembly is connected with the fixed supporting leg assembly, the drilling assembly platform and the height adjusting assembly are fixed above the rotary platform assembly through bolts, and the drilling assembly and the image collecting assembly are respectively installed on the drilling assembly platform and the height adjusting assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a residual stress measuring device and method.
Background
The residual stress refers to a stress that exists inside a material or a member and maintains a balance without an external force or an external factor such as a temperature change. During the mechanical processing or strengthening process of cold drawing, bending, cutting, rolling, shot blasting, casting, forging, welding, metal heat treatment and the like, the material can cause residual stress due to uneven plastic deformation or phase change. Residual stresses are generally detrimental, as they can cause deformation and even cracking of the part after improper heat treatment, welding or defective machining of the workpiece. Even though residual stresses may not immediately manifest themselves as defects, the operating stresses of the workpiece during service may be superimposed on them, and failure may occur when the total stress exceeds the zero component material limit. The workpiece can also be offset with the working stress in the service process by a method of introducing residual stress through a special process so as to improve the specific performance of the workpiece. For example, the fatigue property of the joint can be effectively improved by treating the weld toe of the welded joint by high-frequency mechanical impact and introducing residual compressive stress at the weld toe. The accurate measurement of the residual stress magnitude has important significance for reducing or eliminating the residual stress hazard and introducing favorable residual stress in engineering.
At present, the relatively mature residual stress detection methods mainly include an X-ray method, a magnetic method, a neutron diffraction method, a blind hole method, a cutting method and the like. Among them, nondestructive testing methods such as X-ray method, magnetic method, and neutron diffraction method are mostly used in laboratories due to the complex equipment, unfavorable field operation, high measurement cost, and the like, and are difficult to be used in actual engineering. Destructive detection methods such as a cutting method and a blind hole method are commonly used in practical engineering application, but the cutting method has the defects of large damage to a member, large processing difficulty, single stress measurement direction and the like. The blind hole method reversely deduces the residual stress in the workpiece by measuring the residual strain released during drilling the workpiece, has small destructiveness to the workpiece, simple required equipment and portability for field use, and is the most applied semi-destructive residual stress measuring method in engineering.
In summary, the blind via method is one of the best methods for measuring the residual stress of the actual engineering structure. The method utilizes the strain rosettes to measure the residual strain released by the drill holes, and establishes the relationship between the measured strain and the residual stress in the workpiece by theoretical analysis or a finite element method. However, the conventional strain gage blind via method has the following disadvantages: (1) the arrangement and the sticking of the strain gauge are difficult, the operation is complex, and the sticking quality of the strain gauge has great influence on the measurement result; (2) the strain gauge can only obtain the average strain within the length range of the strain gauge, and the measurement error is large; (3) the center of the actual drilling hole and the center point of the strain flower inevitably have deviation, so that the error of the residual stress measurement result is further increased, and the method is based on the principle; (4) the strain relief coefficient A, B is generally required to be used according to a calibration value during low-speed drilling, the calibration process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and due to the complexity of calibration work, certain errors are often brought to the calibration process.
Therefore, the device and the method for measuring the residual stress can effectively reduce the error of the residual stress measured by the traditional strain gauge blind hole method, greatly improve the precision of measuring the residual stress by using the blind hole method, have simple operation and convenient transportation, and can be applied to the field measurement of the residual stress of large/small structures/test pieces.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted for realizing the purpose:
the utility model provides a measure residual stress's device, includes fixed landing leg subassembly, rotation platform subassembly, drilling subassembly platform, drilling subassembly, height control subassembly and image acquisition subassembly, wherein: the rotary platform assembly is connected with the fixed supporting leg assembly, the drilling assembly platform and the height adjusting assembly are fixed above the rotary platform assembly through bolts, and the drilling assembly and the image acquisition assembly are respectively installed on the drilling assembly platform and the height adjusting assembly.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the fixed leg assemblies are 3 groups and are arranged in a triangular shape; each group comprises a lower magnetic base, an upper magnetic base, a fixing screw, a lower locking nut, a supporting leg screw, a height adjusting nut and an upper locking nut.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the lower part of the upper magnetic base and the upper part of the lower magnetic base are both provided with threaded holes and are connected through stud bolts, and the lower end surface of the upper magnetic base is a plane and is suitable for samples with smooth surfaces; the lower end surface of the lower magnetic base is a cambered surface or a spherical surface; the upper part of the upper magnetic base and the lower part of the fixing screw are both provided with threaded holes and are connected through a stud; the upper part of the fixing screw is provided with an external thread which is connected with an internal thread of a threaded hole arranged at the lower part of the lower locking nut; the upper part of the fixing screw is provided with a spherical hole, the lower part of the lower locking nut is also provided with a spherical hole, the lower part of the supporting leg screw rod is of a spherical structure, the screw rod part of the supporting leg screw rod extends upwards from the spherical structure, and the spherical surface of the lower end of the spherical structure of the supporting leg screw rod is in spherical contact with the spherical hole of the fixing screw; the screw part of the landing leg screw is inserted into the mounting hole of the rotating platform base, the upper end of the landing leg screw is exposed out of the rotating platform base, the screw part of the landing leg screw is respectively provided with a height adjusting nut and an upper locking nut at the lower part and the upper part of the rotating platform base, and the screw part of the landing leg screw is in threaded connection with the height adjusting nut and the upper locking nut; the height adjusting nut and the upper locking nut are respectively positioned on two sides of the rotating platform base.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the rotating platform assembly comprises a rotating platform base, a coarse adjusting knob, a boss, a rotating table top, a locking screw, an adjusting screw and a fine adjusting knob.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the rotating platform base is connected with the 3 groups of fixed supporting leg assemblies through supporting leg screws; the rotary table top is connected with the rotary platform base, the rotary table top is provided with a scale value, the center of the rotary table top is provided with a through hole, a bearing is fixedly installed in the through hole, the top of the rotary platform base is provided with an installation groove, the center of the installation groove of the rotary platform base is upwards provided with a pin shaft, the pin shaft is inserted into the center hole of the bearing of the rotary table top, the lower part of the rotary table top is installed in the installation groove, and the outer circumference of the lower part of the rotary table top is processed with a circle of outer gear; the boss and the rotating platform base are integrally formed and are positioned on the side edge of the rotating platform base, the boss comprises a left side arm, a right side arm and a middle arm, and the middle arm of the boss is attached with a fixed pointer; the adjusting screw rod is rotatably arranged on the left side arm and the right side arm of the boss through bearings, the adjusting screw rod is horizontally and transversely arranged, the middle part of the adjusting screw rod is of a worm structure and is meshed with a worm wheel arranged in the middle arm, a worm wheel shaft is provided with a gear at the lower part of the worm wheel, and part of the tooth edge of the gear is exposed out of a through hole formed in the mounting groove of the rotating platform base and is meshed with the gear at the lower part of the rotating platform surface; one end of the adjusting screw rod is provided with a coarse adjusting knob, and the other end of the adjusting screw rod is provided with a fine adjusting knob, wherein the coarse adjusting knob and the adjusting screw rod are integrally formed.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the fine adjustment knob is connected with the adjusting screw rod through the gear ring speed reducing mechanism.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the fine adjustment knob is provided with a small gear, the other end of the adjustment screw is provided with a large gear ring, and the small gear is connected with the large gear ring through an intermediate gear.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the locking screw is arranged on the boss through a thread through hole formed in the boss and can penetrate through the boss to be in contact with the rotary table top.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the drilling component platform is of a plate-shaped structure, one end of the drilling component platform is provided with a plurality of fixing holes and is installed on the rotating platform base through bolts, the other end of the drilling component platform extends out of the rotating platform base, and the other end of the drilling component platform is provided with an installation through hole; the drilling assembly platform is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the exterior casing of the drilling assembly is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the drilling assembly comprises an external casing, a fine adjustment screw, a gland, a sleeve, a magnifier and a drilling tool.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the outer casing extends upwards from the top surface of the drilling assembly platform, and a central through hole of the outer casing and an installation through hole of the drilling assembly platform are coaxially arranged; the sleeve is inserted into the outer casing, the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with a circle of bosses which are lapped and arranged on the bosses in the inner wall of the outer casing; the fine tuning screws are arranged on the external casing through threaded through holes arranged on the external wall of the external casing; the gland is positioned above the external sleeve shell and is connected with the internal thread on the external sleeve shell through a thread, and the bottom edge of the gland abuts against the upper surface of the boss of the sleeve after the gland is screwed down; the center of the magnifier is provided with a centering scale mark.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the drilling tool comprises a drill bit, a drill rod, a universal coupling and an electric hand drill, wherein the lower end of the drill rod is a chuck, the chuck clamps the drill bit, the upper end of the drill rod is connected with the lower end of the universal coupling, and the upper end of the universal coupling is used for being connected with the chuck of the electric hand drill.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: the height adjusting assembly comprises a lower limiting screw, a stand column, a guide rail, a sliding block, an upper limiting screw and a locking knob; the lower end of the upright post is fixedly connected with the rotary table-board; the guide rail is arranged on the upright post; the sliding block can be arranged on the guide rail in a vertically sliding manner; the upper limiting screw and the lower limiting screw are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the guide rail; the locking knob is arranged in the threaded through hole on the side surface of the sliding block.
The apparatus for measuring residual stress, wherein: image acquisition subassembly high resolution digital camera, light source and DIC system.
A method for measuring residual stress, which uses the device for measuring residual stress as above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the fixed leg assembly and the rotating platform assembly;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the fixed leg assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a transmission structure of the rotary platform assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detailed structure of a drilling assembly platform and a drilling assembly;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a boring tool;
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the drilling assembly platform and drilling assembly;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the height adjustment assembly;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an image capture assembly;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the connection of a camera mount or light source mount to a profile beam;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the device for measuring the residual stress of the test piece.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-11. In the description of the present invention, for convenience of description, all the descriptions of the orientations and positional relationships are the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and these are not specific orientations and positional relationships that the referred device or structure must have, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the terms "fixedly", "attached", and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as fixedly attached/detachably attached/integrally attached, etc., unless expressly specified or limited; may be a direct/indirect connection; mechanical/electrical signal connections, etc. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art from the specification according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for measuring residual stress includes a fixed leg assembly 1, a rotating platform assembly 2, a drilling assembly platform 3, a drilling assembly 4, a height adjusting assembly 5, and an image capturing assembly 6. The rotary platform assembly 2 is connected with the three groups of fixed supporting leg assemblies 1, the drilling assembly platform 3 and the height adjusting assembly 5 are fixed above the rotary platform assembly 2 through bolts, and the drilling assembly 4 and the image acquisition assembly 6 are respectively installed on the drilling assembly platform 3 and the height adjusting assembly 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the fixed leg assemblies 1 have three groups and are arranged in a triangular shape, and the triangular structure can ensure the stability of the whole device; each group comprises a lower magnetic base 101, an upper magnetic base 102, a fixing screw 103, a lower locking nut 104, a leg screw 105, a height adjusting nut 106 and an upper locking nut 107. The lower magnetic base 101 and the upper magnetic base 102 are made of strong-magnetism magnets, the device is fixed to a test piece or a workbench by utilizing the strong magnetism, and the adjustment of a test position can be realized by moving the lower magnetic base 101 and the upper magnetic base 102; threaded holes are formed in the lower portion of the upper magnetic base 102 and the upper portion of the lower magnetic base 101 and are connected through stud bolts, and the measuring device can determine whether the lower magnetic base is assembled or not when the device is installed according to the structure of a test sample; the lower end face of the upper magnetic base 102 is a plane and is suitable for a sample with a flat surface; the lower end face of the lower magnetic base 101 is an arc face/spherical face, so that the device can be conveniently fixed on a structure with uneven surfaces such as a cylinder/sphere, and the like, and the lower magnetic base 101 has a plurality of specifications, each specification has an arc face/spherical face with different curvatures, so that the device can be conveniently fixed on cylinder/spherical structures with different diameters; threaded holes are formed in the upper portion of the upper magnetic base 102 and the lower portion of the fixing screw 103 and are connected through a stud; as shown in fig. 3, the upper portion of the fixing screw 103 is provided with an external thread which is connected with an internal thread of a threaded hole formed in the lower portion of the lower lock nut 104; the upper part of the fixing screw 103 is provided with a spherical hole, the lower part of the lower locking nut 104 is also provided with a spherical hole, the lower part of the supporting leg screw 105 is of a spherical structure, the screw part of the supporting leg screw extends upwards from the spherical structure, and the spherical surface at the lower end of the spherical structure of the supporting leg screw 105 is in spherical contact with the spherical hole of the fixing screw 103; the spherical contact structure of the fixing screw 103 and the supporting leg screw 105 can realize that a certain angle is formed between the upper magnetic base 101/the lower magnetic base 102 and the supporting leg screw 105, so that the device can be fixed on a test piece with unevenness such as a pipeline and an arc surface, and the spherical hole of the locking nut 104 can be tightly contacted with the spherical surface of the supporting leg screw 105 by screwing the lower locking nut 104, so that the angle fixation of the supporting leg screw 105 is realized; the screw part of the supporting leg screw 105 is inserted into the mounting hole of the rotating platform base 201, the upper end of the supporting leg screw 105 is exposed out of the rotating platform base 201, the screw part of the supporting leg screw 105 is respectively provided with a height adjusting nut 106 and an upper locking nut 107 at the lower part and the upper part of the rotating platform base 201, the screw part of the supporting leg screw 105 is in threaded connection with the height adjusting nut 106 and the upper locking nut 107, and the supporting leg screw 105 is in clearance fit with the mounting hole of the rotating platform base 201; the height adjusting nut 106 and the upper lock nut 107 are respectively located on both sides of the rotating platform base 201, and can realize the height adjustment between the rotating platform base 201 and the surface of the test piece.
The rotary platform assembly 2 comprises a rotary platform base 201, a coarse adjustment knob 202, a boss 203, a rotary table 204, a locking screw 205, an adjustment screw 206 and a fine adjustment knob 207. As described above, the rotating platform base 201 is connected to the three sets of fixed leg assemblies 1 by the leg screws 105; the rotary table top 204 is connected with the rotary platform base 201, and the rotary table top 204 is attached with scale values and can realize 360-degree rotation, as shown in fig. 4, a through hole is formed in the center of the rotary table top 204, a bearing is installed and fixed in the through hole, an installation groove is formed in the top of the rotary platform base 201, a pin shaft (not shown in the figure) is upwards arranged in the center of the installation groove of the rotary platform base 201, the pin shaft is inserted in the central hole of the bearing of the rotary table top 204 and is in interference fit with the inner ring of the bearing, the lower part of the rotary table top 204 is installed in the installation groove, a certain gap is formed between the outer wall of the rotary table top 204 and the inner wall of the installation groove, so that the rotary table top 204 can rotate in the installation groove, and a circle of outer gear is processed on the outer circumference of the lower part of the rotary table top 204; the boss 203 and the rotating platform base 201 are integrally formed and are positioned on the side edge of the rotating platform base 201, the boss is in a shape of a Chinese character 'shan', and comprises a left side arm, a right side arm and a middle arm, the middle arm of the boss 203 is attached with a fixed pointer, and the fixed pointer is matched with the scale value of the rotating platform 204 to determine the rotating angle of the rotating platform 204; the adjusting screw 206 is rotatably mounted on the left side arm and the right side arm of the boss 203 through bearings, the adjusting screw 206 is horizontally and transversely arranged, the middle part of the adjusting screw 206 is of a worm structure and is meshed with a worm wheel arranged in the middle arm, a worm wheel shaft is provided with a gear at the lower part of the worm wheel, and a part of the tooth edge of the gear is exposed out of a through hole (not shown) formed in the mounting groove of the rotating platform base 201 and is meshed with the gear at the lower part of the rotating platform 204; therefore, the adjusting screw 206 and the rotary table-board 204 are driven by a worm gear and worm and gear structure, and the rotary table-board 204 can rotate by rotating the adjusting screw 206; one end of the adjusting screw 206 is provided with a coarse adjusting knob 202, and the other end is provided with a fine adjusting knob 207, wherein the coarse adjusting knob 202 and the adjusting screw 206 are integrally formed; the fine adjustment knob 207 can realize the speed reduction rotation of the adjusting screw rod 206 so as to accurately adjust the rotary table-board 204, the fine adjustment knob 207 is connected with the adjusting screw rod through a gear ring speed reduction mechanism, namely, a small gear is processed on the fine adjustment knob 207, a large gear ring is processed at the other end of the adjusting screw rod 206, the small gear is connected with the large gear ring through an intermediate gear, and the fine adjustment of the fine adjustment knob 207 on the rotary table-board can be realized according to a preset gear reduction ratio; the locking screw 205 is mounted on the boss 203 through a threaded through hole formed in the boss 203, and can pass through the boss 203 to contact with the rotary table 204, and the rotary table 204 can be fixed by tightening the locking screw 205.
As shown in fig. 5, the drilling assembly platform 3 is a plate-shaped structure, and one end of the drilling assembly platform is provided with a plurality of fixing holes and is installed on the rotating platform base 201 in a manner that the fixing holes of the drilling assembly platform 3 are aligned with threaded holes formed on the rotating platform base 201, and the drilling assembly platform is fixed after bolts are screwed in; the other end of the drilling component platform 3 extends out of the rotating platform base 201, and the other end of the drilling component platform 3 is provided with a mounting through hole. The drilling assembly platform 3 is parallel to the horizontal plane.
As shown in fig. 5-7, drilling assembly 4 includes an exterior sleeve 401, a fine adjustment screw 402, a gland 403, a sleeve 404, a magnifying lens 405, a drilling tool; the outer casing 401 and the drilling assembly platform 3 are integrally formed or fixed into a whole, and extend upwards from the top surface of the drilling assembly platform 3, and the central through hole of the outer casing 401 and the mounting through hole of the drilling assembly platform 3 are coaxially arranged; the sleeve 404 is inserted into the exterior jacket 401, a ring of bosses are provided in the middle of the outer wall of the sleeve 404, and overlap the bosses on the upper part of the inner wall of the exterior jacket 401 to be mounted in the exterior jacket 401, and a certain gap is provided between the periphery of the sleeve 404 and the inner wall of the exterior jacket 401; a plurality of fine adjustment screws 402 (preferably 4) are mounted on the exterior casing 401 through threaded through holes opened on the outer wall of the exterior casing 401, and can pass through the exterior casing 401 to contact the sleeve 404, and the position of the drilled hole can be precisely adjusted and the sleeve 404 can be fixed by screwing the fine adjustment screws 402; the gland 403 is positioned above the outer casing 401 and is in threaded connection with the outer casing 401 through threads, and after the gland 403 is screwed down, the bottom edge of the gland abuts against the upper surface of the boss of the sleeve 404, so that the sleeve 404 can be prevented from being ejected out in operation; the magnifying lens 405 and the boring tool are each separately inserted in the sleeve 404 in use; the diameter of the outer wall of the insertion part of the magnifier 405 is the same as that of the central hole of the sleeve 404, and the center of the magnifier is provided with a centering scale line to assist in accurately adjusting the position of a drilling hole; the drilling tool comprises a drill bit 406, a drill rod 407, a universal coupling 408 and an adjustable-speed handheld electric drill 409, the diameter of the outer wall of the drill rod 407 is the same as that of a center hole of the sleeve 404, a chuck is arranged at the lower end of the drill rod 407 and clamps the drill bit 406, the upper end of the drill rod 407 is connected with the lower end of the universal coupling 408, the chuck of the adjustable-speed handheld electric drill 409 clamps the upper end of the universal coupling 408 during drilling, the stability of a hole rotating process can be guaranteed through the universal coupling, and vertical drilling is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 8, the height adjusting assembly 5 includes a lower limiting screw 501, a column 502, a guide rail 503, a slider 504, an upper limiting screw 505, and a locking knob 506; the lower end of the upright 502 is fixedly connected with the rotary table-board 204; the guide rail 503 is mounted on the upright 502; the slide block 504 is mounted on the guide rail 503 in a vertically slidable manner; an upper limiting screw 505 and a lower limiting screw 501 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the guide rail 503 to prevent the sliding block 504 from sliding out of the guide rail 503; the locking knob 506 is mounted in a threaded through hole in the side of the slider 504 and can be passed through the slider 504 to contact the guide rail 503, and the slider 504 can be locked by tightening.
As shown in fig. 9, the Image capturing assembly 6 includes a profile beam 601, a high resolution Digital camera 602, a camera base 603, a light source base 604, an LED light source 605, a data line 606, and a DIC (Digital Image Correlation, DIC) system 607. The profile beam 601 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 504 through a bolt, so that the height of the image acquisition assembly 6 can be adjusted by sliding the sliding block 504 up and down on the guide rail 503; the light source base 604 and the camera base 603 are connected with the profile beam 601 through screws and crescent spacers, as shown in fig. 10, the light source base 604 and the camera base 604 can be detached/mounted and the position on the profile beam 601 can be adjusted by loosening/tightening the screws; the LED light source 605 is mounted on the light source base 604; the high-resolution digital camera 602 is rotatably mounted on the camera base 603, and the camera base 603 is a cloud platform type base, so that the high-resolution digital camera 602 can rotate at a certain angle; a DIC (Digital Image Correlation) system 607 is connected to the high resolution Digital camera 602 via a data line 606. Two sets of light source base 604, LED light source 605, camera base 603 and high resolution digital camera 602 are provided.
The residual stress measuring device is used for measuring the residual stress of a product structure, and a test flow chart is shown in fig. 11, and the specific implementation steps are as follows;
step one, taking a residual stress workpiece to be detected, and selecting a detection area; and (3) after the detection area of the workpiece is selected, carrying out surface treatment on the detection area, and removing covering layers such as rusty spots, oxide scales, dirt and the like on the surface of the workpiece. If necessary, the part to be tested can be ground by a mechanical grinding mode, then the part to be tested is ground by abrasive paper, so that the test surface has no obvious scratch, and chemical reagents such as alcohol or acetone are used for cleaning the surface.
Secondly, manufacturing speckles in the selected detection area;
determining the drilling position in the test piece detection area, and selecting a drilling point; the drilling position is marked in the detection area by a black marker pen, so that the drilling point can be conveniently found by using the magnifying glass 405 in the fourth step.
Fourthly, installing a magnifier 405 in a sleeve 404 of the drilling assembly 4, adjusting a fine adjustment screw 402 of the fixed supporting leg assembly 1 and the drilling assembly 4 to enable the center of the magnifier 405 to be aligned with a drilling point, screwing down a locking screw 205, and recording the scale of the side surface of the rotary table-board 204 pointed by a fixed pointer on the boss 203 so as to determine the drilling position of the rotary table-board 204;
step five, loosening the locking screw 205, sequentially adjusting the coarse adjustment knob 202 and the fine adjustment knob 207 to enable the image acquisition assembly 6 to be positioned above a drilling point, tightening the locking screw 205, and recording the scale of the side surface of the rotary table 204 pointed by the fixed pointer on the boss 203 so as to determine the shooting position of the rotary table 204;
step six, according to the test range, the locking knob 506 is unscrewed, and the sliding slide block 504 adjusts the height of the image acquisition assembly 6; adjusting the positions of a camera base 603 and a light source base 604 on the section bar beam 601, and adjusting the camera base 603 to enable a high-resolution digital camera 602 to shoot speckle images around a drilling point, focusing to be clear for imaging, and shooting a calibration image and a test piece surface speckle image before drilling, wherein the calibration image is a standard sample plate and is used for determining parameters such as the distance from the camera to the test piece, the angle of the camera and the like;
and step seven, loosening the locking screw 205, sequentially adjusting the coarse adjustment knob 202 and the fine adjustment knob 207, precisely adjusting the rotary table top 204 to the drilling position recorded in the step four, tightening the locking screw 205, taking down the magnifying glass 405 arranged in the sleeve 404, installing a drilling tool, inserting the drill rod 407 into the central hole of the sleeve 404, enabling the bottom of the drill bit 406 to be in contact with a drilling point, starting the handheld electric drill 409, enabling the handheld electric drill 409 to electrically drive the drill bit 406 to drill at the drilling point through the universal coupling 408, and drilling the hole with the drilling depth not less than 1.2 times of the hole diameter in order to ensure that the residual stress is fully released.
And step eight, loosening the locking screw 205, sequentially adjusting the coarse adjustment knob 202 and the fine adjustment knob 207, precisely adjusting the rotary table top 16 to the shooting position recorded in the step five, tightening the locking screw 205, and shooting the speckle image on the surface of the drilled test piece.
Step nine, calculating the calibration image shot in the step six and the step eight, the sample surface speckle image before drilling and the sample surface speckle image after drilling in a DIC system 607, and calculating the displacement and strain distribution of the small hole drilled on the surface of the test sample;
step ten, establishing a rectangular coordinate system, and extracting a strain value epsilon with a certain distance r from the center of the drill hole along the x-axis direction in the DIC systemxExtracting a strain value epsilon with a certain distance r from the center of the drill hole along the direction of the y axisy(ii) a The origin position of the rectangular coordinate system can be selected at will, and the direction of the rectangular coordinate system is determined according to the residual stress direction to be measured. For example, when measuring the residual stress of the area around the weld joint, the x-axis and the y-axis of the rectangular coordinate system correspond to the directions perpendicular to the weld joint and the parallel weld joint respectively, and the residual stress σ calculated in the step twelve isxAnd σyRespectively corresponding to the transverse residual stress and the longitudinal residual stress of the drilling point of the welding seam.
Step eleven, calculating strain release coefficients A and B;
the size of the strain release coefficient A, B is related to the sample material, the bore diameter of the drill hole and the distance r between the extracted strain value point and the center of the drill hole, and can be calculated through a formula, wherein the specific formula is expressed as follows:
wherein v is the Poisson's ratio of the material; e is the elastic modulus of the material; a is the drilling radius; r is the distance from the point of extracted strain values to the center of the borehole.
Step twelve, substituting the strain value extracted in the step ten and the strain relief coefficient A, B calculated in the step eleven into a formula
The residual stress of the drilling points can be respectively calculated, wherein sigmaxAs residual stress in the x-axis direction, σyIs the residual stress along the y-axis direction;
example 1, the residual stress of the surface of a steel sheet in the rolling direction and in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction in the rolled state of a 40000X 10000X 40mm HC1400 MS cold rolled steel sheet was measured in situ using the apparatus of the present invention. Three drilling points are selected in different areas according to the steps. In the seventh step, the diameter of the drill bit is 1.5mm, and the drilling depth is 2mm in order to ensure that the residual stress is fully released. In the tenth step, the x axis and the y axis of the established rectangular coordinate system are respectively corresponding to the rolling direction and the direction vertical to the rolling direction, and the distance r between the position of the extracted strain numerical point and the center r of the drill hole is 2.5 mm; residual stress sigma calculated in step twelvexAnd σyCorresponding to the residual stresses in the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction, respectively. Table 1 shows the extracted strain values and the calculated residual stress.
TABLE 1 calculation of strain values and residual stresses for HC1400 MS cold rolled steel sheets
Example 2 the invention provides BSY550E with high strengthThe steel butt joint is used as a workpiece to be tested, the size of the joint is 60mm multiplied by 400mm multiplied by 12mm, wherein 60mm is also the length of a welding seam, a sample is narrow, the device cannot be directly installed on the sample, the sample is fixed on an iron workbench by means of G-shaped pliers, and the device is fixed on the workbench for testing. Measuring the residual stress at the weld toe and 3mm away from the weld toe according to the steps; in the seventh step, the diameter of the drill bit is 1.5mm, and the drilling depth is 2mm in order to ensure that the residual stress is fully released. In the tenth step, the x axis and the y axis of the established rectangular coordinate system are respectively and correspondingly perpendicular to the directions of the welding line and the parallel welding line, and the distance r between the position of the extracted strain numerical point and the center of the drill hole is 2 mm; residual stress sigma calculated in step twelvexAnd σyRespectively corresponding to the transverse residual stress and the longitudinal residual stress of the drilling point of the welding seam. Table 2 shows the extracted strain values and the calculated residual stress.
Table 2 BSY550E high-strength steel butt joint extracted strain value and residual stress calculation result
TABLE 3 calculation results of strain values and residual stresses extracted from X80 pipeline steel girth weld butt joints
Through the test process of the embodiment 1-2, the device and the method for measuring the residual stress can perform experimental measurement aiming at different materials and structures, can adapt to different surfaces such as planes, curved surfaces and the like, are convenient to measure and easy to operate, and measured residual stress data conform to an actual rule.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a measure residual stress's device, includes fixed landing leg subassembly, rotation platform subassembly, drilling subassembly platform, drilling subassembly, altitude mixture control subassembly and image acquisition subassembly, its characterized in that: the rotary platform assembly is connected with the fixed supporting leg assembly, the drilling assembly platform and the height adjusting assembly are fixed above the rotary platform assembly through bolts, and the drilling assembly and the image acquisition assembly are respectively installed on the drilling assembly platform and the height adjusting assembly.
2. The apparatus for measuring residual stress according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed leg components are 3 groups and arranged in a triangular shape.
3. The apparatus for measuring residual stress according to claim 1, wherein: the rotating platform assembly comprises a rotating platform base, a boss and a rotating table top.
4. The apparatus for measuring residual stress according to claim 3, wherein: the rotating platform base is connected with the 3 groups of fixed supporting leg assemblies through supporting leg screws.
5. A method of measuring residual stress, characterized by: the method measures residual stress using the apparatus for measuring residual stress according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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