CN114044658B - 一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括以下重量份的各组分:普通硅酸盐水泥50‑100份、硅灰5‑20份、矿粉10‑30份、不锈钢渣粉5‑10份、石英砂50‑70份、聚丙烯纤维1‑5份、复合型外加剂1‑2份、发泡剂2‑5份、水23‑50份。本发明提供的混凝土在降低容重的同时,提高了整个混凝土体系的强度,可应用于承重构件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,具体涉及一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于泡沫混凝土中含有大量封闭的细小孔隙,因而具有良好的热工性能,即良好的保温隔热性能;其次,泡沫混凝土属多孔材料,因此它也是一种良好的隔音材料,在建筑物的楼层和高速公路的隔音板、地下建筑物的顶层等可采用该材料作为隔音层;此外,泡沫混凝土的多孔性使其具有低的弹性模量,从而使其对冲击载荷具有良好的吸收和分散作用;同时,泡沫混凝土可现场浇注施工,与主体工程结合紧密,不但能在厂内生产成各种各样的制品,而且还能现场施工,直接现浇成屋面、地面和墙体。
在建筑物的内外墙体、层面、楼面、立柱等建筑结构中采用泡沫混凝土,一般可使建筑物自重降低25%左右,有些可达结构物总重的30%-40%。而且,对结构构件而言,如采用发泡混凝土代替普通混凝土,可提高构件的承载能力。因此,在建筑工程中采用泡沫混凝土具有显著的经济效益。
但目前现有的泡沫混凝土的强度会随着容重的降低而减少,当容重低于1500kg/m3后,强度低于20MPa,而且抗折强度也低于2MPa,受到容重和强度的制约,运用范围较窄,不能用于承重构件,一般只用于隔断和保温内衬。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土及其制备方法,本发明提供的混凝土在降低容重的同时,提高了整个混凝土体系的强度,可应用于承重构件。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括以下重量份的各组分:普通硅酸盐水泥50-100份、硅灰5-20份、矿粉10-30份、不锈钢渣粉5-10份、石英砂50-70份、聚丙烯纤维1-5份、复合型外加剂1-2份、发泡剂2-5份、水23-50份。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括以下重量份的各组分:普通硅酸盐水泥70份、硅灰10份、矿粉15份、不锈钢渣粉5份、石英砂50份、聚丙烯纤维3份、复合型外加剂1份、发泡剂3份、水25份。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述石英砂以重量百分比计包括:10-20目的石英砂42.9%-47.3%、20-40目的石英砂15.9%-21.4%、40-80目的石英砂23.8%-25%、80-120目的石英砂10.7%-12.7%。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述石英砂以重量百分比计包括:10-20目的石英砂45%、20-40目的石英砂20%、40-80目的石英砂24%、80-120目的石英砂11%。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂60-75%、增稠剂10-15%、稳泡剂15-20%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺。
纤维素类增稠剂的增稠机理是疏水主链与周围水分子通过氢键缔合,提高了聚合物本身的流体体积,减少了颗粒自由活动的空间,从而提高了体系黏度。也可以通过分子链的缠绕实现黏度的提高,表现为在静态和低剪切有高黏度。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述矿粉为S95矿粉或S105矿粉,比表面积500-800m2/kg。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述不锈钢渣粉的比表面积为400-500m2/kg。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,所述硅灰的硅含量87%以上,比表面积20000-28000m2/kg。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土的制备方法,将上述的普通硅酸盐水泥、硅灰、矿粉、不锈钢渣粉和80%的水按其重量份加入搅拌机,搅拌2-5分钟,然后再按其重量份加入上述述的石英砂和聚丙烯纤维,然后再加入剩下的水搅拌1-3分钟,最后按重量份加入上述的发泡剂,搅拌2-5分钟,制备得到纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土。
本发明提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土的应用,可用于各类要求承重且具有保温隔音功能的构件。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果如下:
原料中加入聚丙烯纤维增强了混凝土整体的抗折抗弯强度,强化了混凝土韧性;水泥、硅灰、不锈钢渣配置的胶凝材料体系,配合高性能减水剂,使得整个浆体的水灰比控制在较小的范围,浆体强度较高,同时后期形成的水泥浆体骨架较为稳固。搭配一定量紧密堆积的石英砂,形成稳定的骨架基础结构,基础砂浆强度能达到100MPa以上;发泡剂采用植物类发泡剂,使用无污染的动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质,无论对生产者还是使用者及环境都不会产生任何负作用,所制成的泡沫混凝土气孔独立,相互之间不连通,吸水率小,保温隔热效果好,同时强度也较高;骨料使用连续级配的石英砂,配以合适的比例,使得骨料之间密实性更强,从而使得制备得到的混凝土的强度更高,可应用于承重构件。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥50kg、硅灰5kg、矿粉10kg、不锈钢渣粉5kg、石英砂70kg、聚丙烯纤维5kg、复合型外加剂1kg、发泡剂5kg、水50kg,所述石英砂由四种连续级配的石英砂组成,组分及重量百分比分别为10-20目石英砂42.9%、20-40目石英砂21.4%、40-80目石英砂23.8%、80-120目石英砂11.9%,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述矿粉为S95矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为400m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为87%、比表面积为20000m2/kg。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥100kg、硅灰10kg、矿粉20kg、不锈钢渣粉10kg、石英砂60kg、聚丙烯纤维5kg、复合型外加剂2kg、发泡剂5kg、水40kg,所述石英砂由四种连续级配的石英砂组成,组分及重量百分比分别为10-20目石英砂47.3%、20-40目石英砂15.9%、40-80目石英砂24.1%、80-120目石英砂12.7%,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述矿粉为S105矿粉、比表面积为500m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为500m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为87%、比表面积为25000m2/kg。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥50kg、硅灰20kg、矿粉30kg、不锈钢渣粉10kg、石英砂70kg、聚丙烯纤维1kg、复合型外加剂1.5kg、发泡剂2kg、水23kg,所述石英砂由四种连续级配的石英砂组成,组分及重量百分比分别为10-20目石英砂45%、20-40目石英砂19.3%、40-80目石英砂25%、80-120目石英砂10.7%,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂,所述矿粉为S95矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为400m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为95%、比表面积为28000m2/kg。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥70kg、硅灰10kg、矿粉15kg、不锈钢渣粉5kg、石英砂50kg、聚丙烯纤维3kg、复合型外加剂1kg、发泡剂3kg、水25kg,所述石英砂由四种连续级配的石英砂组成,组分及重量百分比分别为10-20目石英砂45%、20-40目石英砂20%、40-80目石英砂24%、80-120目石英砂11%,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂,所述矿粉为S105矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为450m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为95%、比表面积为25000m2/kg。
对比例1
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥70kg、硅灰10kg、矿粉15kg、不锈钢渣粉5kg、石英砂50kg、聚丙烯纤维3kg、复合型外加剂1kg、发泡剂3kg、水25kg,其中,石英砂由10-20目石英砂组成,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂,所述矿粉为S105矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为450m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为95%、比表面积为25000m2/kg。
对比例2
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥70kg、硅灰10kg、矿粉15kg、不锈钢渣粉5kg、石英砂50kg、聚丙烯纤维3kg、复合型外加剂1kg、发泡剂3kg、水25kg,其中,石英砂由20-40目石英砂组成,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂,所述矿粉为105矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为450m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为95%、比表面积为25000m2/kg。
对比例3
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥70kg、硅灰10kg、矿粉15kg、不锈钢渣粉5kg、石英砂50kg、聚丙烯纤维3kg、复合型外加剂1kg、发泡剂3kg、水25kg,其中,石英砂由40-80目石英砂组成,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂,所述矿粉为S105矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为450m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为95%、比表面积为25000m2/kg。
对比例4
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其原料包括:普通硅酸盐水泥70kg、硅灰10kg、矿粉15kg、不锈钢渣粉5kg、石英砂50kg、聚丙烯纤维3kg、复合型外加剂1kg、发泡剂3kg、水25kg,其中,石英砂由80-120目石英砂组成,所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂71%,增稠剂12%,稳泡剂17%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂,所述矿粉为S105矿粉、比表面积为700m2/kg,所述不锈钢渣粉表面积为450m2/kg,所述硅灰的硅含量为95%、比表面积为17000m2/kg。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土的制备方法,可用于实施例1-实施例4以及对比例1-对比例3混凝土的制备,具体步骤如下:
按照原料配比将普通硅酸盐水泥、硅灰、矿粉、不锈钢渣粉和80%的水加入搅拌机,搅拌2分钟,然后加入石英砂、聚丙烯纤维和剩下的水搅拌2分钟,最后加入发泡剂,搅拌3分钟,制备得到纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土。
实施例1-4以及对比例1-4的混凝土按照实施例5制备得到,所制备的混凝土流动性能达到自流平混凝土的效果,直接浇筑成型,不需要振捣,然后静停养护4-8h,表面覆盖薄膜,并洒水养护。容重测量采用容量筒测量的方法。实施例和对比例的混凝土容重测量、强度试验以及保温指标数据如下表所示:
表1容重、强度试验以及保温指标数据
从表1可以看出,实施例相比对比例,在保持容重和保温效果差异不大的情况下,实施例的强度更大,可知,利用紧密堆积的级配石英砂制备的混凝土强度更好。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,其原料包括以下重量份的各组分:普通硅酸盐水泥50-100份、硅灰5-20份、矿粉10-30份、不锈钢渣粉5-10份、石英砂50-70份、聚丙烯纤维1-5份、复合型外加剂1-2份、发泡剂2-5份、水23-50份;所述石英砂以重量百分比计包括:10-20目的石英砂 42.9%-47.3%、20-40目的石英砂15.9%-21.4%、40-80目的石英砂23.8%-25%、80-120目的石英砂10.7%-12.7%;所述复合型外加剂按重量百分比计包括:减水剂60-75%,增稠剂10-15%,稳泡剂15-20%,所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂,所述增稠剂为纤维素类增稠剂,所述稳泡剂为改性硅酮酰胺。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,其原料包括以下重量份的各组分:普通硅酸盐水泥70份、硅灰10份、矿粉15份、不锈钢渣粉5份、石英砂50份、聚丙烯纤维3份、复合型外加剂1份、发泡剂3份、水25份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述石英砂以重量百分比计包括:10-20目的石英砂 45%、20-40目的石英砂 20%、40-80目的石英砂 24%、80-120目的石英砂 11%。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为植物型发泡剂。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述矿粉为S95矿粉或S105矿粉,比表面积500-800m2/kg。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土,其特征在于,所述硅灰的硅含量87%以上,比表面积20000-28000m2/kg。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一所述的纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土的制备方法,其特征在于,将普通硅酸盐水泥、硅灰、矿粉、不锈钢渣粉和80%的水按其重量份加入搅拌机,搅拌2-5分钟,然后再按其重量份加入石英砂和聚丙烯纤维,然后再加入剩下的水搅拌1-3分钟,最后按重量份加入发泡剂,搅拌2-5分钟,制备得到纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土。
8.一种如权利要求1-6任一项所述的一种纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土的应用,其特征在于,所述纤维增强高强泡沫混凝土用于各类要求承重且具有保温隔音功能的构件。
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