CN114042740A - Integrated restoration and risk management and control method for polluted soil and underground water - Google Patents
Integrated restoration and risk management and control method for polluted soil and underground water Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil and underground water integrated restoration and risk management and control method, which comprises the steps of excavating a ditch in the direction of underground water flow, and then piling permeable reactive barrier materials and sand into the ditch to form a permeable reactive barrier which is level with the water level of underground water; backfilling the excavated soil into the ditch, leveling the soil and planting greening plants, namely completing the integrated restoration and risk control of the polluted soil and the underground water; according to the method, the characteristics, the remediation effect and the landscape benefit of the heavy metal pollution of the soil and the underground water are comprehensively considered, and the underground water pollution remediation technology based on the permeable reactive barrier and the soil pollution remediation technology of phytoremediation are organically combined to form the integrated remediation and risk control method of the polluted soil and the underground water. The method has the advantages of simple construction, low operation and maintenance cost, good repairing and risk control effects, and large-scale popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil and underground water pollution integrated restoration and risk management and control treatment, in particular to application of a permeable reactive barrier and a phytoremediation technology to combined restoration of pollutants in polluted soil and underground water.
Background
With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and the continuous increase of social population, a large amount of industrial three wastes are discharged, pesticides and chemical fertilizers are applied in large areas, domestic garbage and sewage are discharged in large quantities, and sewage is irrigated, so that pollutants infiltrate underground to seriously pollute the surrounding soil environment and the groundwater quality. On the other hand, the hydraulic state of the underground water is changed and the process of underground water pollution is accelerated due to unreasonable exploitation or excessive extraction of the underground water. The total exceeding rate of national soil pollution is 16.1 percent, the pollution type is mainly inorganic type and secondarily organic type, the composite type pollution proportion is small, and the number of the exceeding points of inorganic pollutants accounts for 82.8 percent of the total exceeding points. Pollution investigation data shows that more than 90% of groundwater resources in China are polluted to different degrees, and about 60% of groundwater is seriously polluted. Not only economically developed areas, but also vast rural areas have the problem of groundwater pollution. The soil and the underground water in the polluted site are inseparable, and pollutants in the soil migrate into the underground water due to the effects of leakage, irrigation, rainfall leaching and the like, so that the underground water is polluted; on the other hand, due to fluctuation, runoff and drainage of the groundwater level, pollutants in the groundwater infiltrate the soil, causing soil-groundwater double pollution.
The polluted soil treatment means mainly adopts physical, chemical and biological methods represented by excavation and landfill, a soil-moving method, solidification/stabilization, chemical extraction, leaching and chemical oxidation reduction. However, the repairing methods have the problems of high repairing cost, large technical difficulty, high risk of secondary pollution and the like.
The plant restoration and natural transfer and attenuation technology has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and gradually receives attention in recent years. Typical in-situ groundwater remediation techniques include hydrodynamic control remediation techniques, streamline control techniques, organoclay techniques, electrochemical dynamic remediation techniques, in-situ chemical oxidation techniques, in-situ bioremediation techniques, air injection techniques, permeable reactive wall remediation techniques, and remediation techniques combining multiple methods. However, most of the technologies have the problems of high running cost, complex process technology, possible secondary pollution, low environmental adaptability and the like.
The permeable reactive barrier repairing technology is a common in-situ treatment technology in groundwater repairing, underground water pollution feather is intercepted and repaired through the permeable reactive barrier, and a filling reaction medium of the reactive barrier comprises zero-valent iron, zeolite, a carbon source for enhancing microbial activity and the like, and comprises a physical, chemical or biological action process.
Because the relationship between soil pollution and groundwater pollution is close and indistinguishable, risk management and repair of polluted sites should be performed from both the polluted soil and groundwater. At present, the integrated risk control of soil-underground water pollution is rarely reported, and domestic scholars perform simulation experiments on heavy metals indoors by taking underground water pumping-soil stabilizing means as a representative and obtain certain effect. Foreign scholars have made some attempts to repair organic pollutants in soil and groundwater simultaneously, such as: repairing PAHs pollution in soil groundwater by using microorganisms; the benzene pollutants in the soil and the underground water are degraded by adopting a gas injection-gas extraction method. However, these techniques also have the disadvantages of high operating cost and difficulty in large-scale popularization.
Utility model patents with application numbers 201420321948.2 and 201320262674.X disclose a PRB plant for remediation of groundwater chlorinated hydrocarbon and nitrate contamination. The device combines the water purifying plant and the PRB to be used for purifying the chlorohydrocarbon and the nitrate in the underground water. In the two utility model patents, only the purification of the underground water is realized, the joint repair and purification of the soil and the underground water cannot be completed, and the used PRB material is bark. Therefore, the integrated technology of risk management and control and restoration of soil and underground water needs to be further broken through.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the integrated restoration and risk control of the polluted soil and the underground water, the invention organically combines the phytoremediation and the permeable reactive barrier technology and carries out the integrated restoration and risk control of the polluted soil and the underground water through physical, chemical and biological processes. The invention is realized by the following steps:
a method for integrally restoring polluted soil and underground water and managing and controlling risks comprises the following specific steps:
1. excavating a ditch according to the position of a pollution source, the flow direction of underground water, the pollution depth and the pollution degree of the underground water (excavating the ditch by a conventional method, such as the method disclosed in the literature, "research on the structure and design of the permeable reactive wall", and the like), and then piling the permeable reactive wall material and sand into the ditch according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to form the permeable reactive wall; the top end of the permeable reactive barrier is flush with the groundwater level.
2. Backfilling the excavated soil into the trench to bury the piled self-acclimated permeable reactive wall material underground, then leveling the ground and planting greening plants (preferably willow or alfalfa) having a soil remediation effect in the soil.
3. After the soil and underground water integrated restoration and risk management and control project construction is completed, the restoration and risk management and control of pollutants in underground water are completed immediately, and the soil and underground water integrated restoration and risk management and control are completed after 1 year.
In the present application, the term "contaminants" refers to heavy metal contaminants, preferably Cd, Pb, As.
Furthermore, in the method for integrally restoring and managing the risk of the polluted soil and the underground water, the site for restoring the plants and managing the risk is positioned in at least one area of the upstream (taking the width upper boundary of the permeable reactive barrier as a calculation starting point and the direction opposite to the flow direction of the underground water is 0-30 m), the middle stream (within the width range of the permeable reactive barrier) and the downstream (taking the width lower boundary of the permeable reactive barrier as a calculation starting point and the direction along the flow direction of the underground water is 0-30 m) of the permeable reactive barrier.
In this application, permeable reactive barrier can prevent that the pollutant in the groundwater from moving and the diffusion to groundwater flow direction and upper strata (permeable reactive barrier top to ground) soil, and the effect of planting the afforestation plant is the pollutant in absorption, passivation soil, prevents that the pollutant from diffusing and migrating to level and vertical direction. In addition, the plants can release organic carbon to underground water through root systems to provide carbon sources for microorganisms so as to promote the microorganisms to remove pollutants.
The invention can repair not only the underground water, but also the pollutants in the soil and prevent the cross contamination of the underground water and the soil. Meanwhile, the permeable reactive barrier material used in the invention has the characteristics of good repairing effect, firm structure and difficulty in blocking underground water flowing gaps, reduces the operation cost and is beneficial to popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection result of the effluent concentration of Cd in underground water pollutants after Cd-polluted soil and underground water are repaired and risk-controlled for 91 days by the technology in the invention;
in the figure 1, P represents the outlet water concentration of Cd after groundwater remediation by using permeable reactive barrier technology only, and PW represents the outlet water concentration of Cd after soil and groundwater integrated remediation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the pH value of effluent after groundwater is repaired 91 days after Cd-contaminated soil and groundwater is repaired and risk managed by the technology of the invention;
in the figure 2, P represents the groundwater pH value restored by only using the permeable reactive barrier technology, and PW represents the groundwater effluent pH value after soil and groundwater are integrally restored.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the detection result of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content in groundwater after Cd-polluted soil and groundwater are repaired and risk managed for 91 days by using the technology of the present invention;
in FIG. 3, P represents TOC when groundwater is restored only by permeable reactive barrier technology, and PW represents groundwater effluent TOC after soil and groundwater are integrally restored.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the effluent concentration of Pb in groundwater pollutants after 91 days of remediation and risk management and control of Pb-contaminated soil and groundwater by the technology of the present invention;
in FIG. 4, P represents the Pb output water concentration after groundwater remediation by permeable reactive barrier technology alone, and PW represents the Pb output water concentration after soil and groundwater integrated remediation.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content in groundwater 91 days after remediation and risk management of Pb-contaminated soil and groundwater using the techniques of the present invention;
in FIG. 5, P represents TOC when groundwater is restored only by permeable reactive barrier technology, and PW represents groundwater effluent TOC after soil and groundwater are integrally restored.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the effluent concentration of As pollutants in groundwater 91 days after the As-polluted soil and groundwater are repaired and risk-controlled by the technique of the present invention;
in FIG. 6, P represents the As effluent concentration after groundwater remediation by permeable reactive barrier technology alone, and PW represents the As effluent concentration after soil and groundwater integrated remediation.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content in groundwater 91 days after As-contaminated soil and groundwater have been remediated and risk managed using the techniques of the present invention;
in FIG. 7, P represents TOC when groundwater is restored only by the permeable reactive barrier technology, and PW represents groundwater effluent TOC after soil and groundwater are integrally restored.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental simulation apparatus for integrated restoration and risk management and control according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
in the figure: 1. a soil layer; 2. a layer of PRB material; 3. a peristaltic pump; 4. a water inlet; 5. and (7) a water outlet.
Fig. 9 is a diagram of a simulation apparatus for integrated restoration and risk management and control experiments according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The polluted soil in the embodiment of the invention is from farmlands, and pollutants are not artificially added. In addition, pollutants in the simulated groundwater are all artificially prepared. The effective states of heavy metals in the soil are all extracted by 0.1 mol/L calcium chloride. The effluent and the soil heavy metal effective state are measured by ICP-MS, and the total organic carbon is measured by a TOC instrument.
The PRB material used in the examples was a conventional commercially available material available from Xuyi Peng, far from non-metallic mining, Inc.
Example 1
According to the technical principle of the invention, a simulation soil and groundwater integrated restoration and risk control experiment is carried out in a greenhouse. In the simulation experiment, the soil comes from a heavy metal polluted farmland in Jiangsu province, the concentration of Cd in the soil is 9.62 mg/kg, and the pollution concentration of Cd in underground water is 500 mug/L (pH = 4).
The concrete repairing steps are as follows:
1. and crushing the soil, and sieving the crushed soil by a 2 mm sieve for later use.
2. PRB material with the grain diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm is reserved.
3. The polluted soil and underground water integrated restoration and risk management and control experiment simulation device comprises 4 sets (with the length of 50 cm, the width of 20 cm and the height of 35 cm) for standby, and the structural schematic diagram and the physical diagram are respectively shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9.
4. Burying quartz sand and a self-domesticated permeable reactive barrier material (PRB, about 7 kg) in the simulation device in the step 3 according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain the permeable reactive barrier, wherein the top end of the permeable reactive barrier is flush with a water sample.
5. And covering the rest soil on the self-acclimatized permeable reactive wall material, wherein the soil layer is about 20 cm high.
6. Willow 3 plants were planted in the soil of 2 sets of simulation devices (experimental group), and the soil of 2 sets of simulation devices was treated without plants (control group).
7. A Cd-contaminated water sample (500. mu.g/L) was supplied to the 4-unit simulation apparatus at a rate of 0.3 mL/min using a peristaltic pump.
8. After the experimental device runs for 91 days, the plant sample is air-dried, ground and digested for testing, and the effluent water sample is analyzed and tested after being filtered.
The effluent water samples before and after the test are analyzed and tested, and the results are as follows:
1. detection of Cd content
The detection result is shown in FIG. 1, the outlet water concentration of Cd in the experimental device for carrying out groundwater remediation only in the control group is 0.27 mug/L, the outlet water concentration of Cd in the experimental device for carrying out soil and groundwater integrated remediation is 0.13 mug/L, and meanwhile, the concentration of Cd enriched in plant leaves is 185-511 mg/kg. In addition, the effective state of Cd in the soil subjected to the soil and underground water integrated remediation is 2.47 mg/kg, and the effective state of Cd in the soil subjected to only underground water remediation is 5.13 mg/kg. Therefore, the concentration of the experimental group Cd in the effluent after 91 days is only 1/2 of the control group, and a large amount of Cd in soil and groundwater is absorbed by the plants, so that the effective state of the Cd in the soil is obviously reduced, and the environmental risk of the Cd is reduced.
2. pH detection
The detection result is shown in fig. 2, after 91 days, the groundwater yielding water of the control group experimental device only subjected to groundwater remediation presents alkalinity (9.80, fig. 2), and after 91 days, the pH value of the yielding water of the experimental group tends to be neutral (7.23) and is closer to the natural water body.
3. TOC detection
The detection result is shown in fig. 3, the former effluent TOC value of the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group.
The above examples demonstrate that soil and groundwater remediation with integrated risk management and control techniques gives better results than groundwater remediation with permeable reactive wall only techniques.
Example 2
The contaminant in the soil and groundwater in this example is Pb. The Pb concentration of the soil contaminated with Pb was 253 mg/kg, the Pb concentration in the groundwater was 500. mu.g/L, and the pH was 4.
In the examples, the experimental mode was the same as that of example 1, except that the plants grown in the experimental group were alfalfa.
The effluent Pb detection result is shown in FIG. 4, and the result shows that: the outlet water concentration of Pb in the experimental device of the control group which only carries out groundwater remediation after 91 days is 0.28 mug/L, the outlet water concentration of Pb in the experimental device which carries out soil and groundwater integrated remediation is 0.02 mug/L, and the concentration of Pb in the experimental group which only carries out groundwater remediation after 91 days is 1/14 of the control group. Meanwhile, the Pb concentration of each part of the plant tissue reaches 27-42 mg/kg, which proves that the plant also absorbs a large amount of Pb in the soil, so that the effective state of the Pb in the soil is obviously reduced, and the environmental risk of the Pb is reduced. Further, the effective level of Pb in soil subjected to soil and groundwater remediation was 46.53 mg/kg, while the effective level of Pb in soil subjected to groundwater remediation alone was 54.67 mg/kg.
The effluent TOC test results of the examples are shown in fig. 5, and the effluent TOC value of the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group.
Example 3
In this example, the As concentration in the soil was 95 mg/kg, the As concentration in the groundwater was 500. mu.g/L, and the pH was 4.
Examples the experimental procedure was the same As in example 1, except that the contaminant in the soil and groundwater was As.
The detection result of As in effluent of the example is shown in FIG. 6, and the result shows that: the effluent concentration of As in a control group experimental device only carrying out groundwater remediation after 91 days is 36.11 mug/L, the effluent concentration of As in an experimental device carrying out soil and groundwater integrated remediation is 3.38 mug/L, and the As concentration experimental group in effluent after 91 days is only 1/9 of the control group; as concentration of the control group implant tissue at each part reaches 7.32-18.03 mg/kg. Further, the effective state of As in soil subjected to soil and groundwater remediation was 3.53 mg/kg, while the effective state of As in soil subjected to groundwater remediation alone was 6.22 mg/kg.
The effluent TOC test results of the examples are shown in FIG. 7, wherein the effluent TOC value of the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications belong to the protective scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for integrally restoring polluted soil and underground water and managing and controlling risks is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) excavating a ditch in the underground water flow direction, and then piling the permeable reactive wall material and sand into the ditch according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to form the permeable reactive wall; the top end of the permeable reactive barrier is flush with the water level of the underground water;
2) backfilling the excavated soil into the ditch, leveling the soil and planting greening plants, namely completing the integrated restoration and risk control of the polluted soil and the underground water.
2. The method for integrally restoring and managing the risk of the polluted soil and the underground water according to claim 1, wherein the planting of the green plants is that the green plants are planted at least one of upstream, midstream and downstream of the permeable reactive barrier;
the upstream refers to the upper boundary of the width of the permeable reactive barrier and is 0-30 m against the direction of the groundwater flow;
the midstream refers to the width range of the permeable reactive barrier;
the downstream is 0-30 m from the lower boundary with the width of the permeable reactive barrier along the flowing direction of the groundwater.
3. The method for integrated remediation and risk management and control of contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 2, wherein the greening plants comprise at least one of willow and alfalfa.
4. The method for integrated remediation and risk management and control of contaminated soil and groundwater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the contaminated soil and groundwater refers to soil and groundwater contaminated by heavy metals.
5. The method for integrated remediation and risk management and control of contaminated soil and groundwater according to claim 4, wherein the heavy metals comprise at least one of Cd, Pb and As.
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| US20090090677A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-09 | National Cheng Kung University | Method of treating organic compounds in groundwater |
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